Irregular Verbs in English* - QualityTime-ESL

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Irregular Verbs in English*

Marianne Raynaud and Catherine Alhinc

Type 1: The same form for the simple past and the past participle

Group 1 - 1 (5 verbs) The simple past and the past participle are exactly the same and end with "d". The infinitive is always pronounced [i:] like the letter E, while the simple past and past participle are pronounced [E] like in the word "edge".

?lever lire mener, conduire nourrir, alimenter traiter (affaires)

to breed to read to lead to feed to deal

bred read led fed dealt

bred read led fed dealt

Group 1 - 2 (10 verbs) The simple past and the past participle are exactly the same and end with "t". The infinitive is always pronounced [i:] like the letter "E", while the simple past and past participle are pronounced [E] like in the word "edge".

(se) sentir balayer bondir dormir garder pleurer quitter, laisser ramper rencontrer signifier, vouloir dire

to feel to sweep to leap to sleep to keep to weep to leave to creep to meet to mean

felt swept leapt slept kept wept left crept met meant

felt swept leapt slept kept wept left crept met meant

Group 2 ? 1 (7 verbs) The simple past and past participles are exactly the same and are formed by changing the last consonant to a "d" or to "de".

avoir faire dire mettre, ?tendre payer entendre glisser

to have to make to say to lay to pay to hear to slide

had made said laid paid heard slid

had made said laid paid heard slid

*There are additional irregular verbs, but many of these now have common regular forms.

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Group 2 ? 2 (11 verbs) The simple past and past participles are exactly the same and are formed by changing the last consonant to "t".

d?penser, passer (se) courber pr?ter envoyer sentir (odorat) br?ler construire

to spend to bend to lend to send to smell to burn to build

spent bent lent sent smelt burnt built

spent bent lent sent smelt burnt built

? The verbs below (also in group 2) have both regular and irregular forms ending in "t". They appear in "Was It Love?" as irregular verbs.

? In these tables the verbs marked with an asterisk have both regular and irregular forms. In the story "Was It Love?" they have irregular forms.

apprendre r?ver d?verser g?cher

to learn * to dream * to spill * to spoil *

learnt dreamt spilt spoilt

learnt dreamt spilt spoilt

Group 3 ? 1 (7 verbs) The simple past and past participles are the same and are formed by changing the last consonant to "ght" pronounced /t/.

apporter, amener attraper penser, r?fl?chir acheter combattre, se battre chercher enseigner

to bring to catch to think to buy to fight to seek to teach

brought caught thought bought fought sought taught

brought caught thought bought fought sought taught

Group 4 A (11 verbs) The simple past and past participles are the same and are formed by changing the last consonant to "d".

dire, raconter vendre attacher, tenir, lier (contrat) trouver moudre, hacher enrouler se tenir debout comprendre tenir contre, endurer tenir retenir

to tell to sell to bind to find to grind to wind to stand to understand to withstand to hold to withhold

told sold bound found ground wound stood understood withstood held withheld

told sold bound found ground wound stood understood withstood held withheld

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Group 4 B - 1 (10 verbs) The simple past and past participles are the same and end in "t", "ck", "n" or "ne".

acqu?rir, obtenir perdre briller tirer (fusil), chasser ?tre assis cracher coller frapper (se) balancer tordre gagner

to get to lose to shine to shoot to sit to spit to stick to strike to swing wring to win

got lost shone shot sat spit / spat stuck struck swung wrung won

got / gotten (US) lost shone shot sat spit / spat stuck struck swung wrung won

Group 4 B - 2 (9 verbs) The simple past and past participle are once more the same and end in "g" or "ng".

creuser s'accrocher ? lancer, (se) jeter ?tre suspendu, pendre lancer, jeter tourner, filer (tissage) piquer (insecte, sensation) accrocher (guirlande)

to dig to cling to fling to hang to sling to spin to sting to string

dug clung flung hung / hanged slung spun stung strung

clung dug flung hung / hanged slung spun stung strung

Type II: Three different forms

Group 5 (11 verbs) The simple past and past participles are different. These verbs all have infinitives ending in "ow" except "fly", "draw", "withdraw" and "sew". All but the last 4 verbs form the simple past by changing the main syllable to "ew". Four verbs have regular simple past tenses but irregular past participles: "show", "sew", "mow" and "sow". For all the verbs in group 5 the past participle is formed by adding "n" to the infinitive.

souffler pousser, cro?tre savoir, conna?tre jeter, lancer voler, piloter (avion) tirer, dessiner se retirer tondre (la pelouse) montrer coudre semer

to blow to grow to know to throw to fly to draw to withdraw to mow to show to sew* to sow*

blew grew knew threw flew drew withdrew mowed showed sewed sowed

blown grown known thrown flown drawn withdrawn mown / mowed shown / showed sewn / sewed sown / sowed

Be careful, the verbs "sow" and "sew" are pronounced exactly the same way /s@U/.

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Group 6 (7 verbs)

The simple past and past participle are again different. The simple past changes the middle vowel of the infinitive to an "o" and adds an "e" at the end if it doesn't already exist (break, broke; speak, spoke; steal, stole). The past participle is formed by adding an "n" to the simple past.

briser, casser choisir geler, congeler parler voler, d?rober (se) r?veiller tisser

to break to choose to freeze to speak to steal to wake to weave

broke chose froze spoke stole woke wove

broken chosen frozen spoken stolen woken woven

Group 7 ? 1 (10 verbs) The simple past and past participles are different. The simple past is formed by changing the original central vowel sound to another sound:

"eat" "ate", "take" "took, "hide" "hid".

Thus the past "sounds" different from the infinitive (exception: beat = beat).

The past participle is formed by adding "n" to the infinitive if it ends with an "e": "give" "given" or by adding "en" if it ends with a consonant: "eat" "eaten".

Prendre, enlever, sortir manger battre conduire donner pardonner s'efforcer de secouer, serrer (main) abandonner se lever, s'?lever surgir, survenir, ?merger

to take off /out to eat to beat to drive to give to forgive to strive * to shake to forsake to rise to arise

took ate beat drove gave forgave strove / strived shook forsook rose arose

taken eaten beaten driven given forgiven striven / strived shaken forsaken risen arisen

* Both regular and irregular forms

Group 7 ? 2 (7 verbs) The simple past and past participle differ. The central vowel sound changes in the past, and the past participle doubles the "d", "t" or "l" at the end.

mordre ?crire oublier d?fendre, interdire (se) cacher aller ? cheval, moto, v?lo tomber

to bite to write to forget to forbid to hide to ride to fall

bit wrote forgot forbade hid rode fell

bitten written forgotten forbidden hidden ridden fallen

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Group 8 - 1 (5 verbs) The simple past and past participles are different. These are very common verbs.

?tre voir aller, partir faire commencer

to be to see to go to do to begin

was saw went did began

been seen gone done begun

Group 8 - 2 (4 verbs) The simple past and past participle differ, but the past participle is like the infinitive.

venir devenir surmonter courir

to come to become to overcome to run

came became overcame ran

come become overcome run

Group 8 - 3 (4 verbs). The simple past and past participle are different. The simple past is formed by changing the central vowel sound "ear" to "o" pronounced /O:/ and adding "e" after the final consonant. The past participle is formed by changing the final "e" to "n".

jurer, pr?ter serment

to swear

porter, supporter

to bear

porter (v?tements, parfum, to wear

montres, etc.)

d?chirer

to tear

swore bore wore

tore

sworn born worn

torn

Group 8 - 4 (8 verbs). The simple past and past participle are different. The simple past is formed by changing the central vowel sound "i" to "a" pronounced /{ /. The past participle is formed by changing the central vowel sound to "u" pronounced /V /.

sauter, bondir sonner, t?l?phoner chanter boire r?tr?cir couler, sombrer sentir mauvais nager

to spring to ring to sing to drink to shrink to sink to stink to swim

sprang rang sang drank shrank sank stank swam

sprung rung sung drunk shrunk sunk stunk swum

Group 8 - 5 (2 verbs). The simple past and past participle are different. The past participle ends in "ain, which is pronounced /eIn/.

?tre ?tendu

to lie*

lay

tuer, massacrer

to slay

slew

lain slain

*Here the verb "to lie" means "to be in a horizontal position". The verb "to lie", which means "not to tell the truth" is a regular verb.

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