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Psychological Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #28Name: _________________________________________ Hour: __________ Date: _________________Way back in 1887, a journalist named Elizabeth Cochran assumed the alias Nellie Bly and feigned a mental illness to report on the truly awful conditions inside psychiatric hospitals in the US--which were known as ______________________ at the time. ??It viewed mental illness as an irreversible condition, almost like a personality trait, rather than a __________________ illness. ?When people think of psychology they probably most often think about the conditions that it's been designed to understand, diagnose, and treat--namely _____________________disorders. ?In 2010, the World Health Organization reported that about _________________ million people worldwide suffer from some kind of mental or behavioral disorder. ?Mental health clinicians think of psychological disorders as deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or ___________________________. ?To be classified as a disorder, that deviant behavior needs to cause that person or others around them ________________________, which just means a subjective feeling that something is really wrong. ??Most contemporary psychologists prefer to view mental health more comprehensively through what is called the __________ psychological approach. ?It's called the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; or, ___________ because it's currently in it's fifth edition. ?And it is used by practically everybody: clinicians obviously, but also by insurance and drug companies, policy makers, and the whole ________________________ system. ?In the end, it's just important to keep in mind that definitions are powerful and things can get tricky pretty fast in the world of ___________________ health. ?List and Explain 3 things you learned from the video or found interesting:OCD & Anxiety Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #29Some of the most common disorders have their root in an unpleasant mental state that's familiar to us all: __________________________.?We commonly equate anxiety with ___________, but anxiety disorders aren't just a matter of fear itself. OCD is a debilitating condition whose sufferers take normal behaviors like, washing your hands, or double checking that you turned off the stove and perform them compulsively. And they often use these compulsive, often ritualistic behaviors to relieve intense and unbearable _________________. The broadest of these is Generalized _____________________Disorder or GAD. People with this condition tend to feel continually tense and apprehensive, experiencing unfocused, negative, and out-of-control feelings. Then there's Panic Disorder, which affects about ___in ___ people, most often teens and young adults. It's calling card is _____________________________ or sudden episodes of intense dread or sudden fear that come without warning.At this point the initial anxiety has spun of into a fear of anxiety which means, welcome you've migrated into another realm of anxiety disorder, _________________________.?Cognition also influences our anxiety, whether we interpret a strange noise outside as a hungry bear, or a robber, or merely?the wind, determines if we roll-over and keep snoring, or freak out and run for a kitchen knife. And we might also acquire anxiety from other people through ______________________ learning. And then you got the genetics and the ________chemistry to consider. Researchers shown for example that identical twins, those eternal test subjects, are more likely to develop phobias even if they're raised apart. Physiologically, people who experience panic attacks, generalized anxiety, or obsessive compulsions show over-arousal in the areas of the brain that deal in impulse control and __________________behaviors. List and explain 3 things you have learned from this video: (and don’t panic about it)Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #30American psychologist, and professor of psychiatry, Kay Redfield Jamison, is one of the world's foremost authorities on _________________disorder.Just like the anxiety disorders we talked about last time, mood disorders are ______________. ? We've been talking a lot about terms and concepts that mean something different than what you think they mean, but this time, the term "_________" is not one of those.Depression has?been called the _______________________ of psychological disorders. Which is not to say that it isn't serious, but it's common and it's pervasive and it's the top reason people seek out ________________________ health help.?So while everyone experiences sadness, depression is a physiological as well as psychological illness. It messes with your sleep, and appetite, and energy, and neurotransmitter levels, all interfering with the way your __________________runs itself.You've probably heard of manic depression. It's the outdated term for bipolar disorders. These include those classic dark ________?of depression, but also bouts of the opposite (of extreme mania in more severe cases). Full blown manic episodes?often end up in ___________________________ hospitalization, since the risk to self or others can become severe.Like so many things in psychology,?the cause of mood disorders is often a combination of biological, genetic, psychological, and _______________________________ factors. World-wide, women tend to be diagnosed with major?depression more often than men, but many?psychologists think this is simply because women tend to seek ________________ more. Our brain's?neurotransmitter chemistry?also changes with these different states. For example,?norepinephrine, which usually increases?arousal and focus, is severely lacking in depressed brains, but kind of off the charts during _______________________episodes.And of course there's yet another way to look at things. The?social-cognitive perspective?examines how our thinking and behavior influence That negative??thinking, learned helplessness, self-blame, and over-thinking can feed off itself and basically smother the joy out of the brain, eventually creating a vicious self-fulfilling cycles of ___________________________thinking. Can the cycle of depression be broken?List and explain 3 things you learned or found interesting in this video:Trauma & Addiction: Crash Course Psychology #31What war did J.R.R. Tolkien fight in? ______________________________Trauma comes in many different forms and sometimes it can stick with you, when it manifests as nightmares, flashbacks, avoidance, fear, guilt, anxiety, rage, insomnia and begins to interfere with your ability to function it can come to be known as post-traumatic stress disorder or _____________.And finally we have the fourth major symptom cluster persuasive negative changes in emotion and belief like feelings in excessive _____________________, fear or shame or no longer getting enjoyment out of what you use to. According to the US department of Veteran's Affairs more than ___ in ___ veterans with PTSD also struggle with substance ___________________ problems and 1 in every __ veterans seeking treatment for substance abuse also have PTSD and across many studies between a third to a half of women in treatment for substance abuse have experienced rape or sexual assaultWe have already talked a lot about how the amygdala and hippocampus are involved in those classic fight or flight reactions which when prolonged can be really rough on the ________________. In fact, neuroimaging suggests that ____________-- or the chemical processes set into motion by trauma - might actually damage and shrink the hippocampus. Psychologists define addiction or dependence as compulsive, excessive and difficult-to-control substance use or other, initially pleasurable behaviour that beings to interfere with ordinary life, work, health or _______________________________.Researchers and groups like alcoholics anonymous debate whether addiction is like a mental illness - like a "______________ problem" related to thoughts, behaviours and feelings or a physical disease - a "_______ wire problem" related to biology and genetics - or both, and even whether addiction and dependence are the same thing.?Good news is whilst PTSD and substance dependence may be distressing and complex people can begin to ___________ given the chance and the resources.Today we talked about the causes and symptoms of PTSD and how trauma can affect the brain, we also looked at addiction, physical and psychological dependence, the relationship between trauma and ________________ and why they can require dual treatment and we touch on post-traumatic growth with the wisdom of Frodo Baggins.?List and explain 3 things you learned from the video:Schizophrenia & Dissociative Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #32The word "schizophrenia" literally means "____________________________" but contrary to popular belief, the condition has nothing to do with a split in personality or multiple personalities.The term refers instead to what's sometimes called a "split from reality." ?Multiple Personality Disorder, now known as Dissociative ________________Disorder, is a totally different type of condition, a kind of dissociative disorder. ?For some the disorder comes on gradually, but for others it could arise more suddenly, perhaps triggered by ___________________ or trauma, although no event can actually cause the disorder.Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders are currently thought of as characterized by disorganized thinking; emotions and behaviors that are often incongruent with their situations; and disturbed perceptions, including delusions and ________________________________.Delusions of one kind of another strike as many as _____out of ______people with schizophrenia. ?While some delusions can seem fairly logical, they can also be severe and bizarre and ____________________.Through proper treatment, some people with schizophrenia have not only learned to live with their illness but also make fantastic ______________________contributions to the world.Other common symptoms include disorganized, abnormal, or incongruent behavior and __________________. ?This could mean laughing when recalling a loved one's death or crying while others are laughing. ?Acting like a goofy child one minute then becoming unpredictably angry or agitated the next.Finally, disorganized symptoms are those jumbles of thought or speech that could include word salad and other problems with attention and __________________________________.One study noted that when patients were hallucinating, for example there was unusually ________ activity in the thalamus, which is involved in filtering incoming sensory signals. ?Another study noted that patients with paranoid symptoms showed over-activity in the _____________________processing amygdala.Clearly, schizophrenia is a challenging disorder to live with and one that's hard for outsiders to understand, but maybe even more rare and more elusive are the ________________________ disorders.Dissociative disorders come in several different forms, but the most infamous of the bunch is probably Dissociative Identity Disorder. ?This has long been known as Multiple ___________________Disorder and, yes, it is a thing. ?The book was marketed as the true story of a woman who suffered great childhood trauma and ended up with _____ different personalities, ranging from Vicky, a selfish French Woman, to handyman Syd, to the religious and critical Clara.In these cases, dissociations of identity may be in response to stress or anxiety, a sort of extreme _______________________ mechanism.List and explain 3 things you learned or found fascinating about this episode:Eating and Body Dysmorphic Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #33What happened to Lauren while jogging one day because of her disorder?Eating disorders are among the _____________________ psychological disorders, with some of the highest rates of death directly attributable to the illness. Here's some scary figures: According to the National Eating Disorder Association, _____% of first to third grade girls want to be thinner; _____% of ten year olds are afraid of being fat; over half of teenage girls and nearly a third of teenage boys have used troubling weight control methods like fasting, skipping meals, smoking, vomiting, or taking laxatives.These disorders tend to fall into three main categories: anorexia, bulimia, and binge _____________ disorders.Those suffering from anorexia nervosa, most often adolescent females, essentially maintain a starving diet and, eventually, and abnormally _______body weight. And it's that low body mass that's the defining characteristic of ______________________nervosa?- a refusal to maintain a weight at or above what would normally be considered minimally healthy.People with bulimia tend to maintain an apparently normal, or at least minimally healthy, body weight, but alternate between binge eating, followed by fasting or purging, often by _____________________________ or using laxatives.Although the prevalence of bulimia and binge-eating is similar among ethnic groups in the United States, anorexia is much more common among _________________________, often of higher socioeconomic status.These disorders have strong cultural and gender components; the so-called "ideal standard of ________________" varies wildly among cultures and time, and thinness is far from a universal desire, especially in countries where malnutrition and starvation are problems.Body dysmorphic?disorder is another psychological illness, one that centers on a person's obsession with __________________________flaws - either minor or just imagined. What will people suffering from BDD?do that are signs of suffering from BDD? List 2 or 3:Neurologically, there are a few compelling clues. In the case of eating disorders, for example, research has long suggested that neurotransmitters like serotonin and ______________________may play a role.?Genetics appear to play a role, too, as there seems to be increased risk among ____________________ relatives with eating disorders as compared to controls.?Eating and body dysmorphic disorders are serious business, but they are treatable - and perhaps even ____________________________.?List 2 things you learned or found interesting:Personality Disorders: Crash Course Psychology #34Unlike many other conditions that we've talked about, personality disorders are often considered to be chronic and enduring syndromes that create noticeable _____________ in life.IntroCultures have been studying human personality characteristics for thousands of years, but the concept of ___________________________________disorders is a much newer idea.Cluster B encompasses dramatic emotional or _________________________personality characteristics. For example, a narcissistic personality can display a selfish grandiose sense of self-importance and entitlement. Many researchers argue that some of these conditions overlap with?each other so much that it can be impossible to keep them apart. ___________________________personality disorder, for example, has many traits that resemble histrionic personality disorder. One of the best-studied personality disorders right now is Borderline __________________________Disorder, or BPD. ?Borderline makes it sounds like patients are like, pretty close to being healthy, but not quite, but that is not at all the case. ?People with Antisocial Personality Disorder, usually men, exhibit a lack of conscience for _______________________________, even towards friends and family members. ?Despite this classic remorselessness, lack of empathy, and sometimes criminal behavior, criminality is not always a component of __________________________ behavior. ? The classic antisocial lack of impulse control and other symptoms have also been linked to deficits in certain ________________ structures. ? In this way, the best way to treat Antisocial Personality Disorder may be in trying to _______________________________ it.List and explain 3 things you learned from this video: ................
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