CEV70012 Stages of Pregnancy - Northern Highlands Regional High School

Stages

of

Pregnancy

1

Objectives

? To evaluate the importance of good prenatal care

? To summarize the signs, symptoms and trimesters of pregnancy

? To identify the stages of fetal growth and development

? To examine the birth process, stages of labor and delivery and possible complications

2

Signs and Symptoms

Of Pregnancy

Sign Darkening of areola

Tender or swollen breasts

Feelings of exhaustion Nausea and vomiting Missed period

After Conception 1-14 weeks (first sign) 1-2 weeks

1-6 weeks

2-8 weeks

2-4 weeks

3

1

Signs and Symptoms

Of Pregnancy

Sign Frequent urination

After Conception 6-8 weeks

Fetal heart beat

10 weeks

Fetal movement

16-22 weeks

Backaches

During entire pregnancy

Frequent headaches Sometimes entire pregnancy

Food cravings

During entire

pregnancy

4

Good Prenatal Care

;Exercise, good food and responsible prenatal

care are the keys

;Get early prenatal care from doctor, even before you are pregnant

;Eat a well-balanced diet, including a vitamin supplement that contains folic acid

;avoid alcohol, cigarettes, illegal drugs ;limit caffeine

;Exercise regularly with your doctor's permission ;Avoid x-rays, hot tubs, saunas and infections

5

Before You Become Pregnant

?Make sure you are immune to rubella (German measles)

?Know your blood type ?Stop smoking ?Make sure your diet is healthy ?Get any illnesses you might have under

control

6

2

Health Professional

See your healthcare professional once pregnancy is confirmed

? Obstetrician ? Family practitioner ? Nurse-practitioner ? Nurse midwife

7

Medical Exams

The doctor will

9Measure growth of the uterus 9Listen to baby's heartbeat 9Take mother's blood pressure and weight 9Check her urine for evidence of protein or sugar 9Ask the mother questions and concerns

9blurred vision 9leg cramps 9abdominal cramps 9unusual headaches

9Sometimes perform ultrasound and genetic tests

8

Nutrition During Pregnancy

Pregnancy takes about 300 extra calories a day to maintain

Recommended weight gain is 25-35 pounds Balanced diet of protein, fruits, vegetables, whole

grains and a minimum of sweets/fats

6-11 servings of breads, other whole grains 3-5 servings of vegetables 2-4 servings of fruit 4-6 servings of milk and dairy 3-4 servings of meat and protein 6-8 glasses of water, not more than one soft drink or cup

of coffee per day

9

3

Nutrition During Pregnancy

Some nutrients have been found to provide specific benefit to mother and child

9 Folic acid --reduces the risk of birth defects of the brain and spinal cord, referred to as the "neural tube"

9 Calcium --helps prevent a new mother from losing her own bone density as the fetus uses the mineral for bone growth

9 Iron --helps both the mother and baby's blood carry oxygen

9 Vitamin supplement --needed by most women to maintain adequate levels of these minerals

10

Nutrition During Pregnancy

2500 babies are born with neural tube defects each year

? Most common of these is spina bifida

(spine is not closed) ? The exposed nerves are damaged, leaving the child

with varying degrees of paralysis, incontinence and sometimes mental retardation

Neural tube defects develop in the first 28 days after conception

When is the time to start eating right for pregnancy? 11

Nutrition During Pregnancy

US Public Health Service recommends that all women of childbearing age get 400 micrograms of folic acid each day

FDA now requires that all flour products, such

as breads, buns and bagels be fortified

with extra folic acid

Sources of folic acid:

green leafy vegetables nuts

citrus fruits

beans

12

fortified cereals and vitamin supplements

4

Nutrition During Pregnancy

Avoid

:Smoking

? Higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and stillbirth ? Babies are more likely to have poor lung development,

asthma, respiratory infections and die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) ? Second-hand smoke is also dangerous

:Alcohol

? Can damage a developing fetus ? Travels rapidly through bloodstream, baby drinks also ? Causes mental retardation and facial abnormalities,

called fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

13

Nutrition During Pregnancy

:Alcohol (cont.)

? Estimated 12,000 children are born with FAS in the US each year

:X-rays

? Exposes the fetus to radiation and can potentially cause birth defects

:Hot tubs and saunas

? Raises core temperature of a pregnant woman's body and potentially harm the fetus

:Medications

? No medications should be taken (even over the counter) unless approved by doctor

14

Nutrition During Pregnancy

Exercise

;According to medical evidence, even a rigorous workout is healthy during pregnancy

;Check with doctor before beginning a new exercise routine

;Drink plenty of water ;Staying in shape helps to maintain stamina

during labor

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