Mrs. Finley's AP European History Classroom - Home



Name: __________________________________Pd.: _____Date: ______________________________Cumulative Review – Period 2Absolutism to the “isms” Absolutism and the Divine Rights of Kings “It appears from all this that the person of the king is sacred, and that to attack him in any way is sacrilege. God has the kings anointed by his prophets with the holy unction in like manner as he has bishops and altars anointed. But even without the external application in thus being anointed, they are by their very office the representatives of the divine majesty deputed by Providence for the execution of his purposes. Accordingly God calls Cyrus his anointed. "Thus saith the Lord to his anointed, to Cyrus, whose right hand I have holden, to subdue nations before him." Kings should be guarded as holy things, and whosoever neglects to protect them is worthy of death . . .There is something religious in the respect accorded to a prince. The service of God and the respect for kings are bound together. St. Peter unites these two duties when he says, "Fear God. Honour the king."…?Jacques–Benigne Bossuet, 1678What philosophy of government is advocated in the passage?3448050121285Explanation: 00Explanation: Divine Right MonarchyConstitutional MonarchyEnlightened DespotismAristocratic OligarchyThis form of government would have been likely to exist in the seventeenth century in a state whereright6985Explanation: 00Explanation: a large majority of the population was Protestanta large majority of the population was Catholicthere were significant numbers of both Protestants and Catholicsthe Protestant majority was divided between multiple sects.What development in the eighteenth century did the most to undermine this form of government?The Enlightenment34575756350Explanation: 00Explanation: The Industrial RevolutionThe emergence of capitalismRococo and Neoclassical ArtWhich of the following would have been the most vigorous opponent of a philosophy like Bossuet’s?Thomas Hobbes34480506985Explanation: 00Explanation: John LockeCharles I of EnglandJean ColbertWhat are the divine rights of kings? Which monarchs utilize this theory?How did the “Age of Absolutism” influence the Barogue Period? What are the philosophes of absolutism?What was the class/social structure of an absolute monarchy?-47625200660002952752354580The Hall of Mirrors inside Versailles Palace00The Hall of Mirrors inside Versailles Palace340042511430Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: 00Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: Thesis Prompt: Analyze the extent to which the “Age of Absolutism” influenced European Art? (X. However, A and B. Therefore, Y.) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Enlightened Absolutism 32766005080left952500 “The Cake of Kings”, 1773 Engraving right100330Explanation: 00Explanation: What development is portrayed in both the map and the Engraving?The Partitions of PolandTerritorial settlements following the War of Austrian SuccessionTerritorial settlements following the Seven Years’ WarThe territorial expansion of RussiaWhat was the principal reason for the changes depicted in the images?Exploitation of a weaker state by stronger statesEfforts to stamp out Protestantism by Catholic and Orthodox statesThe intervention of the Pope in European territorial affairsEconomic changes wrought by industrializationHow can the changes depicted in the images be a consequence of “enlightened absolutism”?Enlightened absolutism supported the Darwinian concept of “survival of the fittest”Enlightened rulers sought to settle issues between them without resorting to war.Enlightened rulers called for an international congress to propose and confirm the changesThe changes were contemplated by “enlightened” advisors such as Voltaire to absolutist rulers like Catherine the Great.045720Explanation: 00Explanation: What are the characteristics of the Enlightenment?What are the characteristics of Enlightened Absolutism? Which monarchs most represent the ideas of an Enlightened Absolutist?Which philosophers were most influential in influencing Enligthenment ideas?DESCRIPTION OF ST. PETERSBURGOn the borders of Estonia lies the Gulf of Finland. To the eastward of this sea, and at the junction of the Neva with the lake Ladoga, is situated Petersburg, the most modern and best built city in the whole empire, founded by Tsar Peter, in spite of all the united obstacles which opposed its foundation.right1692275Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: 00Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: This city is situated on the bay of Kronstat, in the midst of nine rivers, by which its different quarters are divided. In the centre of this city is almost an impregnable fortress, built on an island, formed by the main-stream of the river Neva: seven canals are cut from the rivers, and wash the walls of one of the royal palaces of the admiralty, of the dock-yard for the galleys, and of several buildings of manufactories. Thirty-five large churches contribute to adorn the city; among which five are allotted for foreigners of the Roman Catholic, Calvinist, and Lutheran religions: these are as so many temples raised to toleration, and examples to other nations. There are five palaces; the old one, called the summer palace, situated on the river Neva, has a very large and beautiful stone balustrade, which runs all along the river side. The new summer palace near the triumphal gate, is one of the finest pieces of architecture in Europe. The admiralty buildings, the school for cadets, the imperial college, the academy of sciences, the exchange, and the merchants' warehouses, are all magnificent structures, and monuments of taste and public utility… In the environs of the city are several villas or country-seats, which surprise all travelers by their magnificence. There is one in particular which has water-works superior to those of Versailles. There was nothing of all this in 1702, the whole being then an impassable morass.Thesis Prompt: Analyze the extent to which the Scientific Revolution was a turning point in European society (X. However, A and B. Therefore, Y.). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mercantilism …the French and the English had a small share of the trade in the North. But for the French this share supplied only an insignificant fraction of their material needs. As for the English, this share provided them with virtually all their needs and in addition met part of the needs of the other northern nations, for the English have always had good trade relations with the North. At first, Bruges was the principal exchange mart for this trading activity. Then the inhabitants of Antwerp took advantage of their port, facilities and attracted trade there. After the wars between the Spanish and the Dutch, the self-discipline, the moderation and the zeal of the Dutch attracted world trade to Amsterdam and to the other cities of Holland. But they were not satisfied with being the central exchange mart for all Europe and especially for the North. They decided to gain control of foreign trade at its very source. To this end they ruined the Portuguese in the East Indies. They inhibited or disturbed in every possible way the business ventures which the English had established there. They employed and are still employing every means, are exerting every effort, are applying their full resources to assume full control of world trade and to keep it out of the hands of all other nations. Their whole government is based upon this single principle. They know that as long as they maintain their commercial superiority, their power on both land and sea will keep on increasing and will make them so powerful that they will become the arbiters of peace and war in Europe. They can set whatever limits they please upon the law and the design of kings.Jean Colbert, French Finance MinisterDissertation on Alliances, 1669What feature of European history in this period is being described?3390900147955Explanation: 00Explanation: The EnlightenmentThe Scientific RevolutionMercantilismNationalismWhat was one later development that can be directly linked to the passage?390525050165Explanation: 00Explanation: A series of Anglo-Dutch warsAn alliance between the Dutch and the FrenchAn alliance between the French and the EnglishThe disappearance of piracy in the Atlantic trade.What was one practice that was common to all European states at that time that is not explicitly mentioned in the passage?Discoveries of large deposits of gold in their respective coloniesTrade in and use of African slavesThe development of power driven ships and machinesA decline in the volume of commerce between Europe and Asialeft7620Explanation: 00Explanation: What is mercantilism? Which French minister influenced French mercantilism the most? What are the pros/cons of mercantilism?How did mercantilist policies influence peasant wars/ animosities? 340042511430Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: 00Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: left274955Thesis Prompt: Analyze the role of mercantilism in the thriving idustrial economy of France during the 17th century (X. However, A and B. Therefore, Y.). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Seven Years’ WarThe Seven Years’ War, 1756-1783What claim about the Seven Years’ War is correct?The war involved only Great Britain and FranceThe war was fought exclusively in the New World and AsiaGreat Britain dominated the war and sea while France dominated the war on land.It was the greatest of the European wars of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries and thus could be classified as a “world war”.The Seven Years’ War was important in the European balance of power because itreaffirmed France as the hegemonic power of Europe.resulted in the merger of the French and Spanish monarchies.allowed Great Britain to dominate India and France to dominate the interior of North America. occasioned a diplomatic “revolution” that aligned Great Britain with Prussia and France with Austria.The Seven Years’ War was preceded by numerous other general European wars. What best explains the role played by the European concept of “balance of power”.The conflicts rarely affected European civiliansThe conflicts were fought between two tightly allied groups of powers whose allegiance to each other rarely wavered.The conflicts were fought in order to prevent any one nation from becoming Europe’s hegemonic power.The conflicts arose primarily because of a religious schism between the major powers, with Protestants on one side and Catholics the other.In what sense was the war associated with the American Revolution a continuation of the Seven Years’ War?France sought to weaken Great Britain after its triumph in 1763.France allied with the Americans because of their commitment to the ideals of the Enlightenment.Spain fought on the side of France in the Seven Years’ War but with Great Britain in the War for American Independence.The causes of the American Revolution were more related to balance of power than to problems in British colonial policy.right243840Explanation (summarize all here): 00Explanation (summarize all here): What were the causes of the Seven Years War? What were the effects of the Seven Years’ War? How did the Seven Years’ War lead to the down fall of Peter the Great?What role did Maria Teresa have in the Seven Years’ War? right2731135Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: 00Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: Thesis Prompt: To what extent is the term “Enlightened Despot” appropriate when describing the reigns of Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, and Joseph II? (X. However, A and B. Therefore, Y.). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Constitutional Crisis in England And thereupon the said lords spiritual and temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representation of this nation, taking into the most serious consideration the best means for attaining the ends aforesaid, do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done), for the vindication and assertion of their ancient rights and liberties, declare:That the pretended power of suspending laws, or the execution of laws, by regal authority, without consent of parliament is illegal.That the pretended power of dispensing with the laws, or the execution of law by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal.That the commission for erecting the late court of commissioners for ecclesiastical causes, and all other commissions and courts of like nature, are illegal and pernicious.That levying money for or to use of the crown by pretense of prerogative, without grant of parliament, for longer time or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal.That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal.That the raising or keeping of a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of parliament, is illegal.That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defense suitable to their conditions, and as allowed by law.That election of members of parliament ought to be free.That the freedom of speech, and debates or proceedings in parliament, ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament.That excessive bail ought not to be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted....And that for redress of all grievance and for the amending, strengthening, and preserving of the laws, parliament ought to be held frequently.And they do claim, demand, and insist upon all and singular the premises, as their undoubted rights and liberties....The English Bill of Rights, 1689In what other seventeenth century European state existed a similar limitation on royal power?right8255Explanation: 00Explanation: FranceSpainPrussiaThe United NetherlandsWhat development in England prior to 1689 was essential to the adoption of the Bill of Rights?The trial and execution of James IIAdoption of the Petition of Right in 1629The Commonwealth and Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell The establishment of Parliament’s dominance during the reign of the Tudors, 1547-1603Although often seen as a political document, the Bill of Rights was produced by religious factors as well. Which statement most accurately addresses the religious aspects of this development?England had long been troubled by open warfare between Protestants and Catholics.The King of England precipitated the event by setting aside laws restricting the rights of Catholics.The Catholic majority disliked the Protestant King, and sought to replace him with a Catholic heir.The King of England made an alliance with the strictly Protestant Dutch, angering England’s Catholic dominated House of Lords.Russia and Peter the Great View of St. Petersburg from the first Russian newspaper, 1711How does this image correctly represent the status of Russia in the early eighteenth century?Russia led European states in the number and quality of it newspapers.Russia was beginning to encroach on British and French naval power.Russia was successfully invaded by Ottoman naval forces.Russia was beginning to adopt customs and practices of western Europe.What is the most likely explanation for the newspaper’s decision to portray the city of St. Petersburg rather than Moscow or another Russian city?St. Petersburg was the traditional capital of the Russian state.Peter the Great built St. Petersburg as a “window on the west”.The Russian nobility preferred the location of St. Petersburg as it insulated them from corrupting influences in the interior of Russia.The Industrial Revolution in Russia had originated in St. Petersburg.In what way was the Great Northern War (1700-1721) between Russia and Sweden a product of the image and the forces behind its publication?Russian leaders sought broad public support for the war.Sweden had long claimed the region where St. Petersburg was located.Sweden was an obstacle to Peter the Great’s ambition to gain ice-free ports in the Baltic Sea.Russian boyars had important allies in Sweden who worked to thwart Peter the Great’s attempts to modernize Russia.right167640Explanation (summarize all here): 00Explanation (summarize all here): 3219450133350Representative Government/IdeasThe publication of this work, Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, in 1651 reflected which of the following trends of the mid-seventeenth century?Increasing importance of religion as the dominant motive for political conflict and war.Rejection of the notion of “divine right”, meaning royal authority was derived from a Christian God.Application of a scientific and materialistic, rather than spititualistic, understanding of life.Adoption of the premise that human nature was essentially good but, Like Rousseau later, that human goodness was corrupted by society.left108585Explanation: 00Explanation: The image is best represented by which statement?Society is founded on a set of laws inherent in biblical scripture and ernment is a consequence of the desire by men for security in an insecure world.Political authority of rulers in derived from a higher authority than the merely mortal.The social and political relationships among men and nations are governed only by village-level class understandings.097155Explanation: 00Explanation: The implications of “Hobbesian” thought in future generations supportedboth absolutism and representative government.only a “Hegelian thesis-antithesis” mode of political development.utopian notions of social organization, such as Fourierism and Saint-Simon.the anarchism and nihilism emanating from Russia in the late nineteenth century.left10795Explanation: 00Explanation: Why did representative governments start to form in the 17th century? What is a consitutional monarchy? Who has the power? How? Why? What problems arose as a result of constitutionalism?To what extent did the American Revolution influence these ideas? Explain! 340042511430Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: 00Document Analysis:One part of H-I-P-P-I in one sentence:Evidence: English Bill of Rights, 1689An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the CrownPART II: DECLARATION OF RIGHTSAnd whereas the said late King James the Second having abdicated the government and the throne being thereby vacant, his Highness the Prince of Orange (whom it hath pleased Almighty God to make the glorious instrument of delivering this kingdom from popery and arbitrary power) did (by the advice of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and divers principal persons of the Commons) cause letters to be written to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal being Protestants… for the choosing of such persons to represent them as were of right to be sent to Parliament… in order to such an establishment as that their religion, laws and liberties might not again be in danger of being subverted… And thereupon the said Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons, pursuant to their respective letters and elections, being now assembled in a full and free representative of this nation… do in the first place (as their ancestors in like case have usually done) for the vindicating and asserting their ancient rights and liberties declare Thesis Prompt: Evaluate the influence of consitutionalism on the English Civil War (X. However, A and B. Therefore, Y.). ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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