Independent Study: The Drug Classification System
Independent Study: The Drug Classification System
Drugs are organized in taxonomies (classifications) in three ways.
1. Chemical classification groups drugs according to structure.
Example:
2. Pharmacologic classification groups drugs according to physiologic
activities and mechanisms of actions.
Example:
3. Therapeutic classification groups drugs according to therapeutic
indications.
Example:
Review "Schedule of Controlled Substances “(I to V) - Aschenbrenner p. 26
Pregnancy Categories - Aschenbrenner p. 91
Drugs associated with Cardiovascular Therapies:
Cardiac glycosides
Antiarrhythmic agents
• Beta Blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Others
Antianginals
• Beta Blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Nitrates
Vasopressors
Antihypotensive agents - Adrenergic agonists I sympathomimetic agents Drugs associated with Cardiovascular Therapies: (continued)
Antihypertensive agents
• ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors)
• Alpha-adrenergic blockers
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers
• Beta adrenergic blockers - block action of adrenalin (epinephrine)
Effects on heart, resp function, & kidney function
• Calcium channel blockers - cardiac & vascular effects
• Vasodilators
Vasodilators (Cerebral & Peripheral Vasodilating Agents)
Diuretics
• Loop diuretics
• Thiazide diuretics
Lipid Lowering Agents (Antihyperlipidemics) (Antilipemics)
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelet drugs -
Drugs associated with Cardiovascular Therapies: (continued)
Hemostatic agents - Vitamin K
Hematinic agents - ferrous sulfate
Thrombolytic Agents
Drugs associated with Respiratory Therapies:
Antihistamines
Antitussives
Bronchodilators
Decongestants
Expectorants
Xanthine derivatives
Drugs associated with Gastrointestinal Therapies:
Antacids
Antidiarrheal agents
Antiemetic agents
Antiulcer agents
Drugs associated with Gastrointestinal Therapies: (continued)
Emetic Agents
Histamine2-receptor antagonists
Laxatives
• Bulk-forming
• Emollient
• Hyperosmolar
• Lubricant
• Stimulant
Drugs associated with Anesthesia and Pain Therapies:
Anesthetic Agents
Analgesics
• Narcotic analgesics (Opioids)
• Non-narcotic analgesics
• NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
Salicylates – aspirin
Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors - ibuprofen
• Para-aminophenol derivatives - acetaminophen
Drugs associated with Neurologic and Psychiatric Therapies
Cholinergic agents - Parasympathmimetic - imitate acetylcholine
Effect GI tract+, cardiovascular system-, urinary tract+, 1
Anticholinergic agents
Adrenergic agents - sympathomimetic, ex. Bronchodilators
CNS Stimulants
Anticonvulsants -
Antiparkinson Agents
Antianxiety Agents
Barbiturates
Sedatives
Hypnotics
Phenothiazines - chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Drugs associated with Neurologic and Psvchiatrid Therapies (continued)
Antidepressants
Antipsychotic agents
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Drugs associated with Hormonal Therapies & Reproduction
Antidiabetic agents (pancreatic hormone) - insulin
Hypoglycemics, oral -glyburide
Growth hormones (pituitary)
Antidiuretic hormone (pituitary)
Thyroid replacement hormones
Parathyroid agents
Oxytocins / oxytocic agents
Lactation suppressants
Drugs associated with Hormonal Therapies & Reproduction: (continued)
Estrogens
Actions: contraceptive, honnone replacement, & antineoplas1
Progestins
Oral contraceptives
Tocolytic agents
Ovulation stimulant - clomiphene (Clomid)
Androgens I anabolic steroids
Drugs associated with Anti-inflammatory Therapies:
Corticosteroids - prednisone
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
• Salicylates – aspirin
• Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors - ibuprofen
Para-aminophenol derivatives - acetaminophen
Antipyretic agents
Drugs associated with Anti-inflammatory Therapies: (continued)
Antigout agents
Antirheumatic (Anti-arthritic)
Drugs associated with Anti-infective Therapies:
Aminoglycosides - gentamicin
Antibacterial agents
Antitubercular agents
Antifungal agents
Antiviral agents
Cephalosporins
Penicillins
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines - * Permanent discoloration of teeth occurs if administered
during tooth
formation (in children younger than 8).
* Contraindicated in pregnancy & lactation.
Chemotherapeutic Agents used in Cancer Treatment (Antineoplastics):
vinca alkaloids - vincristine (Oncovin,Oncovorin)
Antimetabolite antineoplastics - methotrexate (Mexate)
Alkalating agents - cisplatin (platinol)
Antitumor antibiotics (Antibiotic antineoplastics) - adriamycin
Hormones & hormone antagonists
• Estrogens - diethylstilbesterol
• Antiestrogens - tamoxifen
Taxanes - paclitaxel (Taxol)
Biologic Response Modifiers:
Immune stimulators -
• Interferons
• Interleukins
• T/B cell modulators
Biologic Response Modifiers: (continued)
Immunosuppressant agents
• T /B cell inhibitors - Imuran
Used as an adjunct treatment to prevent rejection in renal homotransplantation & for adults with classic rheumatoid arthritis who do not respond to conventional treatment (Cleveland, 762)
• Monoclonal antibodies - Orthoclone OKT3
Used to prevent allograft rejection in renal, heart, & liver transplants
2002 EL;Rev.11/02 LC
Reviewed 08/03/AA
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