THE B.U.R.P.S LIST - Johns Hopkins University

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Welcome to the School of Nursing at the Johns Hopkins University!

As a faculty who coordinates one of your first semester courses I am making available to you some helpful and useful information. I have included it below for your reading pleasure! There are two documents: the "B.U.R.P.S." list (Building and Understanding Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes) and Talk like a Nurse. This document lists many (not all) of the medical terms used in your first semester classes and I believe will ease your transition into a new way of speaking.

THE B.U.R.P.S LIST

Purpose: To become proficient in Building and Understanding Roots, Prefixes and Suffixes

Rationale: Building and understanding medical terminology is simpler when the words are broken down into roots, prefixes and suffixes.

Steps: Review the B.U.R.P.S. tables and try to determine the definitions of the examples Notice the overlap among the three groups of roots, prefixes and suffixes Make new words by changing one part of the word. For example, if an appendectomy is the removal of the appendix, then a nephrectomy is the removal of a kidney. Tachycardia is a fast heart rate and tachypnea is a fast respiration rate.

Helpful Note: R/T means "related to"

TALK LIKE A NURSE

Purpose: To become familiar with acronyms commonly used by health care providers

Rationale: Different professions have unique languages; medicine and nursing are no exceptions. The acronyms below are used in verbal and written communication in health care settings.

Steps: Review the attached list of acronyms (then you can start to critique shows like "House" and "Gray's Anatomy" for accuracy!) Notice that some acronyms have two different meanings; e.g., ROM stands for "range of motion" and "rupture of membranes" - be careful when using abbreviations Take the Self Assessment after reading the approved terms, found in Blackboard

NOTE: All institutions have a list of accepted and "do not use" abbreviations. Always check with the institution before using an abbreviation.

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THE B.U.R.P.S LIST

I. Roots R/T Body Parts

Root Angi(o), Vas(o) Brachi(o) Bucc(o) Cardi(o) Carp(o) Cephal(o) Colp(o) Crani(o) Cyst(o) Cyto Dactyl(o) Encephal(o) Enter(o) Gloss(o) Hemo, sanguin(o) Hyster(o) Mast(o), mamm(o) Men(o) Nephr(o), Ren(o) Oophor(o) Ophthalm, Ocul(o) Ot(o), Auri, Aud Phleb(o), Ven(o) Pod Rhin(o) Salping(o) Thorac(o) Thromb(o)

Other Roots Root

Gluc(o) Hydr(o) Lact(o) Lip(o), adip(o) Therm

Meaning Blood vessel Arm Cheek Heart Wrist Head Vagina Skull Bladder Cell Finger, toe Brain Intestine Tongue Blood Womb, uterus Breast Month, r/t menses Kidney Ovary Eye Ear Vein Foot Nose Fallopian tube Chest Clot

Meaning Sweet, sugar Water Milk Fat Heat

Example(s) Angioplasty, vasoconstriction Brachial Buccal Cardiopathy Carpal tunnel syndrome Cephalic Colposcopy Craniotomy Cystoscopy, cystitis Cytology, cytomegaly Polydactyly Encephalitis Enteritis Glossitis, glossopharyngeal Hemolytic, serosanguinous Hysterectomy Mastitis, mammography Menopause, menarche, dysmenorrheal Nephrectomy, renal Oopherectomy Ophthalmoscope, ocular Otitis, auricle, audiometer Phlebitis, venous Podiatrist Rhinoplasty, rhinorrhea Salpingectomy, salpingitis Thoracotomy, thoracic Thrombosis, thrombolytic

Example(s) Glucose, glucometer Hydrocephalus, hydrophobia Lactosuria, lactating Lipoma, adipose Hyperthermia

II. Prefixes R/T Colors

Prefix Erythr(o) Leuk(o), leuc(o) Cyan(o) Melan(o) Cirrh(o)

Red White Blue Black Yellow

Meaning

Example(s) Erythema, erythrocyte Leukocytes, leukemia Cyanosis Melanin Cirrhosis

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R/T Descriptions Prefix

Ankyl(o) Sten(o), Stric Ortho Kypho Pseudo

Meaning Stiff, fixed, crooked Narrow Straight position Bent, crooked False

Example(s) Ankylosis Stenosis, stricture Orthopnea, orthopedic Kyphoscoliosis, kyphosis Pseudostrabismus, pseudoaneurysm

R/T Measurements Prefix

Macro Micro Poly, Hyper, Multi Brady Tachy Oligo, Hypo Iso Diplo, Ambi Hemi Pan

Meaning Large Small Many, much Slow Fast Few Equal Both, double Half All

Example(s) Macrophage, macrocephaly Microscopic, microorganism Polydypsia, hyperthyroidism, multiple Bradypnea Tachycardia Oliguria, hypothermia Isometric, isotonic Diplopia, ambidextrous Hemiplegia, hemisphere Pansystolic, pancytopenia

R/T Positions Prefix

Pro, Ante, Pre Post Super, supra Sub Dors(o) Retro Para Re Later(o) Medi(o) Schizo Inter Heter(o) Hom(o) Ad(o) Ab(o) Anti, Contra Endo, In, Intra Ex(o), Ec(to) Epi Dia, Trans Peri, Circum Sinister(a) Dextr(o)

Meaning Before After Above Below Back Backwards Beside Again Side Middle Split Between Different Same Towards Away from Against In, within, inside Out Upon, above Through Around Left Right

Example(s) Prodromal, antepartum, precapillary Postnatal, posterior Superior, supraclavicular Submandibular, subcutaneous Dorsoflexion, dorsal Retrograde, retrosternal Paramedic, paranasal Rehydrate, recuperate Lateral Medial, mediastinum Schizophrenia Intercostals, interdigital Heterogeneous Homozygous Adduction, adhesion, adrenal Abduction, abnormal Antigen, contraception Endocarditis, inhale, intrapartum Exhale, ectopic Epidermis, epigastric, epiglottis Diameter, transfusion Perinatal, circumcision OS (oculus sinister ? left eye) OD (oculus dexter ? right eye)

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R/T the Body Prefix

Aden(o) Arthr(o) Cervic(o) Costo Cyto Derm Gastr(o) Glosso Heme Hepat(o) Lingu Litho My Myo, myel Neuro Oto Opti, Ocu Osteo Pneum(o), Pulm Psycho Rhino Thor(a) Vasc

Meaning Gland Joint Neck Rib Cell Skin Stomach Tongue Blood Liver Tongue Stone Muscle Marrow Nerve Ear Eye Bone Lung Mind Nose Chest Vessel

Example(s) Adenoma, adenoids Arthritis, arthroscopy Cervical, cervicitis Costochondritis, costovertebral Cytology, cytomegaly Dermatitis, dermatological Gastritis, gastrointestinal Glossopharyngeal, glossitis Hematuria, hematemesis, hemangioma Hepatitis, hepatocellular Lingual, linguistic Lithotomy, lithotripsy Myoma, myalgia Myelitis Neuromyalgia Otitis, otolaryngology Optician, ocular Osteoarthritis, osteopenia Pneumothorax, pulmonary Psychology, psychopath, psychosomatic Rhinorrhea, rhinitis Thoracic, thoracentesis Vasculitis

Other Prefixes Prefix

A(n) Auto Dys Gravida Neo

Meaning Without Self Difficult, painful Pregnant, heavy New

Example(s) Anemia, avascular Autoimmune Dyspnea, dysuria Gravidity Neonatal, neoplasm

III. Suffixes R/T Surgery

Suffix Centesis Ectomy Lysis Ostomy Otomy Plasty

Meaning Tap, puncture Removal Separate, destroy Form an opening Cut into Repair

Example(s) Thoracentesis Mastectomy, appendectomy Hemolysis Colostomy Tracheotomy, craniotomy Rhinoplasty

R/T Diseases Suffix

Algia Cele Emia Gen Itis

Meaning Pain Hernia, swelling Blood Producing Inflammation

Example(s) Arthralgia, myalgia Hydrocele, cystocele Leukemia, anemia Carcinogen, allergen Appendicitis, hepatitis

Megaly Oid Oma Osis Pathy Penia Phagia Phasia Plegia Phobia Pnea Rrhage Rrhea Sclerosis Spasm Troph(o) Uri(a)

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Enlargement Resemble Tumor Abnormal condition Disease Deficiency Eating Speech Paralysis Fear Air, breathing Burst forth Flow, discharge Hardening Contraction Nourishment Urine

Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly Fibroid, keloid Adenoma, myoma Dermatosis Neuropathy, psychopathology Cytopenia, thrombocytopenia Dysphagia Aphasia, dysphasia Paraplegia, quadriplegia Acrophobia, agoraphobia Apnea, dyspnea, orthopnea Hemorrhage Diarrhea Atherosclerosis Bronchospasm Atrophy, hypertrophy Nocturia, dysuria

Other Suffixes Suffix

Gram Ology Phon(o) Scope

Meaning Picture, record Study of Sound Inspect

Example(s) Electrocardiogram Pathology, dermatology Egophony, bronchophony Microscope, laproscopic

TALK LIKE A NURSE

A-P anterior-posterior ASA acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) A&W alive & well bid 2x/day (bis in dies) BKA below-the-knee amputation (AKA-above) BM bowel movement BMI body mass index BMR basal metabolic rate BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy BR bed rest BRP bathroom privileges BS bowel sounds BSE breast self-examination BSO bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

BUN blood urea nitrogen BX biopsy c with (cum) CA cancer CABG coronary artery bypass graft CAD coronary artery disease CAGE cut down, annoyed, guilty, eye opener CAM complementary alternative medicine CBC complete blood count CBE clinical breast exam CC chief complaint cc cubic centimeter CHF congestive heart failure cm centimeter

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CN cranial nerve

ETOH ethanol (alcohol)

CNS central nervous system

FB foreign body

C/O complains of

FBS fasting blood sugar

Copd chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease

FUO fever of unknown origin

C&S culture & sensitivity

FX fracture

Csf cerebrospinal fluid

GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease

Ct computed(computerized) tomography

GI gastrointestinal

Cta clear to auscultation

GU genitourinary

Cts carpal tunnel syndrome

H&P history and physical

Cva cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

HA headache

Cxr chest x-ray

HBP high blood pressure

D/C Discharge, Discontinue

Hct hematocrit

D & C dilatation and curettage

HEENT head, eyes, ears, nose, throat

DFA difficulty falling asleep

hgb hemoglobin

DJD degenerative joint disease

Hib hemophilus influenza B

DM diabetes mellitus

h/o history of (or Hx)

DNR do not resuscitate

HOB head of bed

DOA dead on arrival

HPI history of present illness

DOB date of birth

HRT hormone replacement therapy

DOE dyspnea on exertion DPT diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (vaccine) DSM diagnostic & statistical manual DTR deep tendon reflexes DVT deep vein thrombosis Dx diagnosis ECG electrocardiogram (or EKG) ED emergency department EEG electroencephalogram-gram

hs hour of sleep, bedtime HTN hypertension I & D incision and drainage IM intramuscular I & O intake and output IV intravenous IVP intravenous pyelogram JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of

Healthcare Organizations

EMA early morning awakening

JVD jugular venous distention

ENT ears, nose, and throat

KUB kidney, ureter and bladder (x-ray)

EOM extraocular muscles or movement

KVO keep vein open

ERT estrogen replacement therapy ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD end-stage renal disease

LE lower extremities LFTs liver function tests LMP last menstrual period LNMP last normal menstrual period

LOC loss or level of consciousness LP lumbar puncture MI myocardial infarction (heart attack) MMR measles, mumps, and rubella (vaccine) MMSE mini mental state exam MRI magnetic resonance imaging MS mental status or multiple sclerosis NAD no acute or apparent distress NGT nasogastric tube NKA no known allergies NKDA no known drug allergies NPO nothing by mouth (non peros) NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug NSR normal sinus rhythm NSS normal saline solution NV nausea/vomiting NVD nausea, vomiting, diarrhea NWB non-weight bearing OA osteoarthritis OC oral contraceptives od right eye (ocular dexter) OOB out of bed os left eye (ocular sinister) OT occupational therapy OTC over-the-counter ou both eyes p after p.c. after meals PCN penicillin PE physical examination or pulmonary embolism PERRLA pupils equal, round, reactive to light and

accommodation

PID pelvic inflammatory disease PMH past medical history PMI point of maximal impulse (apical pulse) S/P status post (after)

7 PND paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or post nasal drip PNS peripheral nervous system PPD purified protein derivative (TB skin test) pr per rectum PRN as needed (pro re nata) PROM passive range of motion or premature rupture of

membranes

PSA prostate specific antigen (test) PT physical therapy PTA prior to admission PUD peptic ulcer disease PVD peripheral vascular disease q4h every 4 hours q6h every 6 hours qam every morning qd every day** qh every hour qhs every night qid 4x/day qod every other day** RA rheumatoid arthritis or right atrium RBC red blood cell REM rapid eye movements RLQ right lower quadrant (RUQ, LLQ, LUQ) R/O rule out ROM range of motion or rupture of membranes ROS review of systems RRR regular rate & rhythm R/T related to s without (sans) SBE subacute bacterial endocarditis SC subcutaneous Sig label SL sublingual SOB shortness of breath

sp.gr. S.Q.

STAT STS Sx TCDB TIA

specific gravity subcutaneous(ly) signs and symptoms immediately serological test for syphilis symptoms turn, cough, deep breathe transient ischemial attack (mini stroke)

tid

3x/day

TM TMJ TNTC TPN TURP TSE UA

tympanic membrane temporomand-ibular joint too numerous to count total parenteral nutrition transurethral resection of prostate testicular self- examination urinalysis

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UE

upper extremities

URI upper respiratory infection

urinary tract infection

VS

vital signs

VSS vital signs stable

white blood cell

WD/WN well developed, well nourished

WF/BF white female/black female

WM/BM white male/black male

WNL within normal limits

y/o years old

change

** appear on the JCAHO "Do Not Use" list ? should

write out "daily" or "every other day"

Caution against using: < or >

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