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|Applying for a Private Funding Agency |
|The grant application process varies depending on the funding agencies’ procedures. Each agency has its own application policies and procedures, with specific grant proposal |
|format, and deadlines for application submission. |
| |
|However, you may follow the step-by-step procedure below applicable to most grant making agencies. The process flow below describes the sequential order of activities and |
|procedures required for developing and submitting a grant proposal. |
| |
|This guide will help you get through the grant application process starting from identifying your need till you successfully receive the grant. |
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|Applying for Government Grants |
|Interested in applying for government grants? There are thousands of government grants available online for individuals and organizations. By just the click of a finger, you |
|can search for different government sites offering a number of programs for you and your organization. Each of these programs has a summary explaining a program’s eligibility |
|requirements, agency contact information, and application instructions. |
|Here is a flowchart to help guide you in your application: |
|[pic] |
Research Proposal Format – Some Additional Chapters
A research proposal format defines the very specifications of a dissertation proposal undergraduate . Usually, we regard a format to be the system or the guide in which the task is to be executed. Since you have probably known the format standards before, let us simply discuss some of the other parts that a dissertation may have.
In a research proposal format , the usual chapters are composed of the following; Introduction, Methodology, Literature, Data and Conclusion. Now, there are also some times when your teacher might want you to include some more details in your paper if it is a high level form of a of research. One very good domain is when you are writing some doctoral thesis proposal examples .
Illustrations and Graphs
The inclusion of visual chapters in the research proposal format enhances the attraction factor of the research paper. If you can provide some tables, graphs and illustrations based on your data then it will become very professional. You may find some details on what types of charts are appropriate for a given set of data when you search through academic websites. A dissertation literature review example may also be utilized to have visual aids as long as you give credit to your resources.
Recommendations
This particular chapter involves the presentation of more research studies that the reader may execute. If you are not really sure whether you have concluded the study efficiently, then the Recommendations chapter should be included in your research proposal format . This will be the counterpart chapter of your dissertation introduction instead of the conclusion.
Acknowledgement
The last additional research proposal format may be required by some teachers is the Acknowledgement. You can provide some details of persons and institutions whom you want to thank for because of the influences they have made in completing your research paper. There is no formal process to write this part but you can do it in tabulated or paragraph forms.
Still confused in writing your dissertation proposal? You can create a dissertation order today. Take time to look for custom writing service companies which can help you manage your anxieties in submitting a quality thesis paper.
Related Posts
• Knowing How to Write an MLA Format Research Paper
• Research Paper Format – What You Need to Know
• Using a Sample Research Proposal
• Research Paper Format – the Chapters that Build a Thesis
• How to write Research Proposal
• Research Proposal Example – Useful Guide Papers
• What is Research Proposal?
• Payment Options to Buy Dissertations
• Proposal Help: What are the Available Services?
• What is research proposal? – Some General Writing Ideas
Proposal Format
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In brief:
1. Title - short and catchy
2. Abstract - about 50 words describing your session
3. Audience - TESOL IS or other member group or groups who will be your sponsor
4. Week-by-week outline - a syllabus; please leave room for get-acquainted inroductions and for wrap-up and evaluations at the end
5. Communications media used - also include technology tools you will use/try out with participants
6. Biographical info for all moderators (about 25 words)
7. Statement of commitment - will you be able to complete the training and hold the session?
Table of Contents
Welcome
SBIR Overview
Getting Started
Program Solicitation
Solicitation Topics
Topic Search Engine
Technical Questions
Submission Site Registration
Step 1:Proposal Preparation
Step 2: Cost Proposal
Step 3: Technical Proposal
Step 4: Company Commercialization Report
Verification Proposal
SBIR Updates
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Welcome
Welcome to the Department of Defense Small Business Innovation Research program or SBIR. This tour will introduce you to the SBIR program and take you step-by-step through the process of preparing and submitting a proposal.
SBIR provides funding to small, hi-tech businesses to research, design, develop and test prototype technologies related to specific Defense needs, which are issued as solicitation topics every few months on the Internet. This program stimulates technological innovation, integrates small business-developed inventions into defense systems and increases commercial application of DoD supported research and development efforts.
SBIR Overview
SBIR has three phases. In Phase I, a small business submits a proposal in response to a DoD Solicitation Topic.
Proposals are reviewed to determine the scientific, technical and commercial merit and feasibility of the proposed approach. Awardees can receive as much as $100,000 (dollars) over six to nine months to develop the idea.
Phase I projects that demonstrate the most potential are invited to submit a Phase II proposal to further develop the idea and produce a well-defined prototype. This is where the major R&D effort is conducted. Phase II awards can be up to $750,000 (dollars) over two years.
Phase I and II proposals are evaluated on three criteria:
• The technical and scientific merit of the proposed approach;
• Key personnel's qualifications in this area of research; and
• The potential for transition into a commercial product.
In Phase III, companies are expected to leverage SBIR funding to obtain private or non-SBIR government funding to turn the prototype developed in Phase II into a commercial product or service for sale to military and private sector customers.
To participate in the SBIR program, a company must be a for-profit U.S. owned and operated small business with 500 or fewer employees. The designated project lead, called the Principal Investigator, must spend more than half of his or her time employed by the small business. While subcontractors and consultants can be used, at least two thirds of the total effort in Phase I and at least one half in Phase II must be performed by the proposing firm. All work must be performed in the United States.
The DoD also has a second, smaller R&D program, called Small Business Technology Transfer or STTR. It is also a three-phased program; however, STTR funds cooperative R&D conducted jointly by small businesses and research institutions, such as universities. Since the solicitation and proposal submission process is the same for both programs, you will see both acronyms on some of the websites we're going to visit. For this tour, we'll concentrate on the SBIR submission process. One last thing, the green links throughout the text-only version of the tutorial will show you the page we are discussing.
Getting Started
We're ready to start preparing our Phase I SBIR proposal, so let's go to the DoD SBIR Resource Center website located at . You may want to jot down this site because the Resource Center has links to all the DoD SBIR resources you'll need for information on program background and history, solicitations, conferences, proposal submission, previous awards, help, and much more.
| |"I forgot to tell you. We have a new SBIR proposal icon that will be joining us on the tour to |
| |add special tips from time to time." |
That's right. Let's start on the "Current Solicitation" page.
Program Solicitation
The DoD issues SBIR solicitations every few months, inviting small businesses to submit proposed solutions to defense related topics.
The Current Solicitation lists all solicitations that are pre-released or open and links to three important web pages: The Topics Search Engine where you can search the current open solicitation for topics that meet your criteria; the Technical Questions section which allows you to ask and receive answers to technical questions about a topic while the solicitation is open; and the Proposal Preparation and Submission website, where you will submit your SBIR proposal.
Let's start by returning to the top of the page and clicking on the solicitation that is currently open.
Each solicitation has three important dates: the pre-release period of the solicitation, the date proposals will start to be accepted, and the deadline for proposal submission. It is important to keep these in mind if you are submitting a proposal.
Scroll down a bit and you'll see Program Solicitation. Clicking on one of the formats -HTML, PDF or Word - brings up everything you need to know about the DoD-wide solicitation process including a program description, definitions, proposal preparation instructions and requirements, evaluation criteria and selection method, contract information and submission instructions.
Solicitation Topics
Below the Program Solicitation section you'll find the Solicitation Topics. The links in this table list R&D topics open for proposal submission plus additional instructions and requirements specific to the issuing service or defense agency, commonly referred to as a DoD Component. Not every DoD Component will have topics in every solicitation, although each will offer topics at least once a year.
| |"There are literally hundreds of topics in each solicitation; hopefully one of them will be in |
| |your area of expertise." |
The easiest way to identify topics in your area is to use the Topics Search Engine rather than reading every topic in each component's section. Once you find a topic, remember to return to the Current Solicitation page to read the component-specific instructions for that topic.
Topic Search Engine
There are two ways to do a basic search of topics: by topic number or keyword search. To search by topic number, select the topic number from the pull-down menu and click the Search button. For a keyword search, enter the word or phase you want to search on in the "Search by Keyword" box. You can set some basic limits using the pull-down menus and specify how you want results sorted.
To search for a phrase, type in the words without quotation marks. Then, click Search.
Topics that meet your criteria will be returned as a list. Our search found 35 topics that matched the keyword search criteria. Only the first 10 are displayed on the screen. Use the arrow navigation buttons under the grid to display the next set of 10 topics. Clicking on a topic number brings up the topic's details. Or you can click on the "printable reports" button at the top of the screen to display the details on all topics matching your criteria in a single file that you can view or print.
A good rule of thumb is to start with a broad search; then, narrow it with more specific information. Boolean operators may also be used to search topics.
Each time you use the search engine, you'll become more familiar with how to target just the topics you want.
| |"Find more tips by clicking the 'Search Tips' button! For more complex searches, use the 'Custom |
| |Search' feature." |
When you find a topic you are interested in, write down the topic number; it will be useful as you go through other steps in the submission process.
Each topic lists the issuing Component and topic number, title, objective, defense need and what is expected to be accomplished in phases I and II. Most topics also list references for additional information related to the topic.
Technical Questions
What if you have technical questions about a topic? Well, from the pre-release date up to the date proposals start to be accepted, you can talk directly to the topic author. The Technical Point of Contact (or TPOC)'s name, phone and e-mail address can be found with the topic underneath the topic description.
Once DoD starts accepting proposals, no further direct contact is allowed. However, questions can still be submitted in writing through the SBIR Interactive Topic Information System (SITIS). Both the questioner and respondent remain anonymous and questions and answers are posted electronically for general viewing. We suggest you check SITIS from time to time to see if there are any updates or questions and answers related to your proposal.
| |"The DoD SBIR Help Desk will answer your general questions about the solicitation, proposal |
| |preparation, electronic proposal submission and other program-related areas." |
Reach the HELP desk between 8:00am to 5:00pm Eastern Standard time by phone at 866-SBIRHLP or by e-mail from the SBIR Resource Center home page.
Submission Site Registration
Once you've found a topic, what comes next? Your proposal must be submitted electronically through the DoD SBIR/STTR Submission website. Click on "Submission". Type in the first few letters of your firm's name and click "Find Firm."
Use the pull down menu to see if your firm is listed. If it is, it means your firm is already registered.
Select your firm's name from the menu and click "Continue" to proceed to the login page.
If your firm is not listed, you must register your firm now. The SBIR Submission site is a secure website and all transmissions to and from the site are encrypted for your protection and privacy. Only the government will be able to use the information you submit; however, you will still be able to view and edit your own information.
| |"To show you how it works, let's register a fictional firm - Acme Company. Start by clicking on |
| |'Register Now.'" |
Registering is easy. First, fill in some standard information...like firm name, and address. Your firm's Federal Tax ID number will be your unique registration number. If your company does not yet have a Federal Tax ID, use your social security number. When you get a Tax ID number, update your firm's information on the website because no awards can be made until your company has a Federal Tax ID. Two other numbers - the DUNS and CAGE code - are required to receive an award but you can submit a proposal while you apply for these numbers. To find out how to get DUNS and CAGE code number, click on the links shown on this page.
Next, designate a Point of Contact (POC) at your firm. This person will be responsible for maintaining your data and password on this site. Additionally, if anyone tries to access the account without the correct password, they will be directed to the POC. Then, create a password. Your password is your assurance of data privacy so make sure it is something that is not easily guessed. Experts recommend that a password be at least 10 characters long and uses a combination of numbers, symbols, and letters. Remember, too, that passwords are case sensitive.
Scrolling down, there are some other questions you must answer...like the year the company was founded, the number and years of any previous Phase I and Phase II awards, number of employees, number of patents related to SBIR/STTR awards, etc.
When you have completed the registration form, click "Save." A confirmation page showing that your firm is registered in the SBIR database will appear.
Now that your firm is registered, every time you return to the DoD Submission site, you need only to login.
If you forget your password, click on the link shown on the screen. A screen will return giving you the name of your firm's POC and information on how to contact him or her for the password. The firm's password will also be e-mailed to your firm's POC.
Note that your password can be changed from this login screen if needed.
Type in your password and click "Login"
Step 1:Proposal Preparation
Once you have logged into the SBIR Submission website, you are at the Submission Main Menu.
From here, you can prepare and submit a SBIR Phase I Proposal, prepare or update the Company Commercialization Report, review the current solicitation instructions or get answers to frequently asked questions about the submission process. Once you have a Phase I award, you may have a use for other selections on this page.
A SBIR Phase I proposal submission package has four parts:
• Coversheet
• Cost Proposal
• Technical Proposal
• Company Commercialization Report
The first 3 parts of the proposal package can be prepared in the "SBIR Phase I Proposal Section."
The Company Commercialization report will be prepared in another section because only one report needs to be prepared for submission with all your Phase I proposals.
| |"Let's get started by selecting SBIR Phase I Proposal Preparation." |
Step 1: Coversheet
Step 1 of the proposal preparation process is the Cover Sheet.
The table at the bottom of the screen is a reminder of the unique submission requirements of each Component participating in the current solicitation, such as the cost and duration limit of the proposed effort. For more details about a Component's unique requirements refer to the Component's topic section of the solicitation.
This page also has links to the current solicitation's instructions and frequently asked questions.
Click on the "Add New Cover Sheet" button. On the pull down menu, only DoD Components with topics in the current solicitation will appear. Select the Component your proposal will be going to; then, hit "Continue."
A coversheet form will be displayed for the Component you have selected. Next, select a Topic number from the pull down menu. As you can see, when you select a topic number, the topic title automatically comes up as the default proposal title. This is a chance to double check that this is the topic you meant to select. Use it or change the proposal title to whatever you like.
Complete the rest of the form, providing the total cost and duration of the project, checking all business certifications that apply.
Two items that people frequently have questions about are the Principal Investigator and the Corporate Official. The Principal Investigator is the technical lead for this project. He or she must spend more than half their time at the company. The Corporate Official is responsible for the business aspects associated with the contract and the project. Carefully enter their contact information. Since proposal status information will usually be sent via email, a screen will ask you to confirm their e-mail addresses. Write a brief abstract and benefits of the proposed work and note keywords to describe this R&D effort. Click "Save" when you are finished.
A confirmation page will appear notifying you that the cover sheet is saved to the database. A Proposal Number - in large, bold blue letters will also be shown.
Write this number down or print this page for your files. You will need it for the header of your technical proposal and later to track your proposal through the submission process or if you have questions for the Help Desk. Now press "Continue" to return to the Cover Sheet page.
Your proposal number is now displayed in the grid at the top of this page along with directions for completing the other parts of the proposal package. You can edit your cover sheet any time before the solicitation closes by clicking on the proposal number. You'll also see five Action/Status Icons to the right. The dollar sign icon takes you to the cost proposal form; the print icon allows you to print various parts of your proposal. The "Upload" icon allows you to upload your technical proposal from your hard drive to the SBIR proposal site.
The verify proposal icon allows you to review your completed proposal package before it is submitted and the red X lets you delete the proposal. If you delete a proposal, it will stay on the website but will not be evaluated, nor will it be possible to change or update the information. If you decide to submit the proposal, it can be undeleted any time prior to the proposal due date.
Step 2: Cost Proposal
Step 2 is preparing the Cost Proposal. Every proposal must be accompanied by a cost breakdown that follows the guidance specified in the Phase I proposal format section of the Program Solicitation. You have two choices: you can use the on-line cost proposal form or create a separate cost proposal as the last page or pages of your technical proposal.
Some Components require the on-line cost proposal form which will be noted in the Component topic section of the solicitation. To use the Cost Proposal form, start by selecting the Cost Proposal icon.
Some components prefer or require proposals to be broken down into a Phase I base effort - typically for $70 thousand (dollars) - and a Phase I option effort - typically for $50 to $30 thousand (dollars); others prefer a single effort not exceeding $100 thousand (dollars). The Base and Option efforts, if applicable, should be costed separately.
You will know to do so because the cost proposal form will be double columned if the component to whom you are submitting allows options; otherwise only a single column is displayed.
The on-line cost proposal form adheres to the format specified in the cost breakdown guidance including:
• Direct labor costs and labor overhead. Key personnel should be listed by name along with the number of hours dedicated to the project as direct labor.
• Direct material costs and material overhead, such as parts and raw materials.
• Other direct costs, such as special testing and equipment, travel, and subcontractors; Travel costs and other direct costs must be justified and directly related to the needs of the project.
• General and administrative expenses; and
• Fee or profit.
| |"Clicking on the hyperlinks will give you additional information and some examples. The DCAA |
| |publication called 'Information for Contractors' available at dcaa.mil has more information |
| |regarding cost proposals, accounting methods and developing rates." |
Not every item in the cost breakdown guidance is applicable to every project; you only need to provide information relative to your proposal.
The most important thing to remember in the cost proposal section is to provide enough information to allow the Component evaluating the proposal to understand how you will use the requested funds if the contract is awarded. When you have completed all the information, click "save." A confirmation page will appear.
Step 3: Technical Proposal
Step 3 in the submission process is the Technical Proposal. It should be direct, concise and informative, providing sufficient information to persuade the DoD Component that the proposed work represents an innovative approach to the investigation of an important scientific or engineering problem and is worthy of support. Most important it should clearly demonstrate your firm's R&D expertise as it applies to the Solicitation Topic. The scientific or technical content of the proposal is the principal basis upon which your submission will be evaluated. For that reason, the inclusion of marketing, promotion and other non-project related material is discouraged.
The Technical proposal should be in a single file that you prepare using a word processing package on your computer. It should include any graphics and cover the following 10 items in specific order.
• Identification and significance of the problem
• Phase I technical objectives
• Phase I work plan
• Related work
• Relationship with future R&D
• Commercialization strategy
• Key personnel
• Facilities or Equipment
• Subcontractor and consultant involvement
• Prior, current or pending support of similar proposals or awards.
| |"Detailed information about each of these items is available in the Technical Proposal section of|
| |the Program Solicitation." |
The completed proposal may not exceed 25 pages, including the Proposal Cover Sheet, Technical Proposal and any enclosures or attachments. Refer to component specific instructions for page limit requirements. Each proposal may address only one topic.
The technical proposal should start on page three, allowing for the cover sheets as pages one and two. The font size should be no smaller than 10-point type on standard 8 1/2 " X 11" paper with one-inch margins. The header of the Technical Proposal should include the Proposal Number, which was assigned when you created the cover sheet, the topic number and your firm name.
In the interest of equity, pages in excess of the 25-page limit (including attachments, appendices, or references, but excluding the Company Commercialization Report) will not be considered for review or award.
All topics are unclassified and only unclassified proposals will be accepted by the DoD SBIR program. If you plan to employ non-U.S. citizens on this proposed effort, you must identify them in the key personnel section of your technical proposal.
All technical proposals are evaluated in a PDF format. This means that if you submit the document in another format, like Word, Word Perfect, RTF or TXT, it will be converted to a PDF file.
To ensure that your document looks the way you want it to look, we recommend using Adobe Acrobat or some other PDF converter to convert the document yourself before it is uploaded.
| |"Remember that evaluators will be viewing your proposal in black and white. If your graphics are |
| |in color, try to make them high contrast." |
To upload your technical proposal, click on the "upload icon"; then follow the four steps listed on the screen. You are responsible for making sure that your document is virus free before you start the upload. Files with viruses will be deleted immediately. Enter the file you want to upload for the proposal listed at the top of the page by using the browser button. Then, click "Upload Technical Proposal" to start the upload process.
Processing time will range from a few seconds to several minutes depending on the file size and the speed of your internet connection.
When the upload is complete, you'll get a confirmation page showing the time and date of the upload, name of the uploaded file, the file size and a new file name, which is your unique proposal number that was assigned when you created the cover sheet. Print this page for your records. You can modify your technical proposal and upload again at any time prior to the solicitation close; however, each upload overwrites the existing proposal with the new file.
Step 4: Company Commercialization Report
The fourth and final element in the proposal package is the Company Commercialization Report, which can be used for SBIR and STTR Phase I and Phase II submission packages.
To get to it, click on Main Menu at the top of the screen, then select the Company Commercialization Report link. This report captures the quantitative commercialization results of your firm's previous Phase II SBIR projects received from any Federal agency, not just from DoD; it must be completed even if your firm has no prior Phase II projects.
Nearly 35 percent of firms that receive SBIR awards are new to the program. A report showing no prior Phase II awards will not affect the firm's ability to obtain an award.
The good news is that it needs to be prepared only once - when you do your first proposal - and can be used with all your proposals.
A separate report is not required for each proposal; however, it is in your best interest to update it for each subsequent solicitation or at least once a year, because the information feeds into the Commercialization Achievement Index or CAI.
A CAI is calculated for firms with four or more completed Phase II awards; firms with fewer than four awards will have a CAI of "N/A," or not-applicable. Think of the CAI as a gauge of how successful a firm has been in transferring the technology from previous SBIR and STTR projects into the commercial sector.
The Commercialization Strategy portion of your Technical Proposal - along with your CAI and Phase II sales and investment information outlined on this report - will be used to evaluate your proposal under the "potential for commercial application" criteria mentioned in the overview. Since you have just registered your firm on the site, chances are you will not have any previous Phase II awards. So we can skip to step 3. Click on the "Enter Firm Point of Contact" button.
Fill in the name, phone, fax number and e-mail of the contact designated to verify Phase II commercialization sales and investment figures. This is the person DoD will contact if there are any questions about commercialization resulting from SBIR awards.
The next step, number four, is optional. Here you can add a brief paragraph about your firms' commercialization success not fully captured in Phase II sales and investment figures.
Appropriate information might include commercialization resulting from a previous Phase I award or non-SBIR project, mitigating factors that could account for a low commercialization success rate or recent changes in the firm's organization or personnel designed to increase the firm's rate of success.
Now proceed to step number 5. Click on the "View" button to view and print your Company Commercialization Report, using your browser's print function. Use the "Back" button to return to the screen and click "Done Printing."
Let's go back and take a quick look at step number one because this is where you'll start if your firm has received previous Phase II awards.
You will be asked to provide Phase II Project information, dollar figures for the amount of sales or investment funding resulting from this Phase II project to date and additional information about its use. Repeat for all prior Phase II awards.
To update an existing Phase II project, click on the contract number.
In step number two, update "Firm Information" with anything that has changed since you registered initially.
| |"Remember the company commercialization report should be updated for each solicitation." |
Verification Proposal
You have now prepared all of the elements for a SBIR Phase I proposal. The final step is to check that your submission is complete and ready for review.
To do this, return to the SBIR Submission Main Menu and select Phase I Proposal Preparation. On the Proposal Cover Sheet page, click on the "Verify Proposal" icon.
We recommend that you use the Proposal Checklist as a means of double-checking your work. You should have a Cover Sheet, Cost Proposal, Technical Proposal and Company Commercialization Report. Select "view" to review, download and print each section. If you did not use the online cost proposal form, but instead included the Cost Proposal as part of your Technical Proposal, there will not be a "View" link next to Cost Proposal because you will view it in the Technical Proposal. You will notice that the Coversheets and Cost Proposal have signature blocks; no signatures are required until the time of award.
If you find any errors, return to the coversheets or cost proposal form to edit and save the correction; or to upload the corrected technical proposal file.
| |"Remember, what you see is what the evaluators will see! It is also a good idea to print a copy |
| |of the package for your files." |
You're done! There is no "Submit" button. All complete proposal packages not marked for deletion will automatically be submitted at the solicitation close date. When the solicitation closes, the site will no longer accept changes although you will be able to view and print the proposals you have submitted.
SBIR Updates
| |"We hope you have enjoyed this tour and will soon be part of the SBIR program. Remember to |
| |subscribe to the Listserv to receive email reminders about upcoming Solicitation. Thank you for|
| |your attention and good luck!" |
|ECSE Senior Project: Proposal Guidelines |
| |
|To begin your senior project, you must prepare a proposal of approximately|
|1000-1500 words (2-3 pages, typed single-spaced) explaining to your |
|project advisor |
|what work you plan to do |
|why this work is worthwhile |
|how you plan to carry it out. |
|Preparing your proposal should also help you to focus your project, plan |
|your work, and receive feedback early in the process. |
|Use the material supplied below to develop your proposal, being sure to |
|answer all relevant questions. |
|Purpose and Audience |
|Proper Format |
|Expected Content |
|Bring a double-spaced draft of your proposal to the Writing Center before |
|submitting the final proposal to your advisor. Revise your draft as many |
|times as is necessary to produce a fluent and persuasive proposal. |
Proposal Content
Begin with a one- or two-sentence introduction, summarizing
your project and explaining why you are proposing it. Follow
your introduction with these sections
I. Statement of Problem
II. Proposed Project and Purpose
III. Plan of Activities with Deadlines
IV. Evaluation
Purpose and Audience
In writing your proposal, remember that your advisor expects the same attention to research, analysis, and style that one would find in a professional proposal.
In addition, while your immediate audience is your advisor, your proposal should be understandable to others who are familiar with your field in general, but not necessarily with the particulars of this project or research area.
With these audiences in mind, consider what they already know, what they need to know, and what there specific interests are in relation to your project.
(This situation is similar to that of a professional engineer whose reports need to be intelligible not only to an immediate supervisor but also to corporate executives.)
Format
Write your proposal in the form of a memorandum, beginning with the following:
To:
From:
Subject:
Date:
In the body of your proposal, avoid writing two or three pages of unbroken text; rather, use headings to indicate the separate sections:
I. Statement of Problem
II. Proposed Project and Purpose
III. Plan of Activities with Deadlines
IV. Evaluation
Proposal Content
Begin with a one- or two-sentence introduction, summarizing
your project and explaining why you are proposing it. Follow
your introduction with these sections
I. Statement of Problem
II. Proposed Project and Purpose
III. Plan of Activities with Deadlines
IV. Evaluation
Sample Proposal Format for RFP Responses
When you receive a request for proposals (RFP), what is your response supposed to look like?
Here is a proposal template format that you can use to respond to RFPs. The content changes each time based on what the RFP requires so you can fill in that part after figuring out how you will solve the client's requirements:
1. Background
Briefly go over their general requirements. Example: XYZ Company would like a local area network installed to connect all of the computers in their office to share disk space and printers and automatically do tape backups.
2. Scope
Discuss in detail each item in the RFP and how you intend to tackle it. Use diagrams to illustrate your configuration. This will be the longest section of your proposal and will probably have several subsections.
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3. Schedule
When do you anticipate starting? How long will each task take? Make a table of your expected schedule for completing the project.
4. Staff
This is an optional section. Some firms like to see who will be working on the project. This is more important for government projects. Put the resumes here.
5. Cost
Breakdown the cost by equipment and personnel time to come up with your expected budget. Include payment terms, discounts for early payment, and other cost or payment information.
6. Supporting Information
Add any supporting info here (for example, if you're trying to convince them to use a specific type of networking technology, back up your reasoning here with third-party quotes, research, test results, etc.). You can also add information about similar projects you have completed for other firms and what the results were of those. Include testimonials from clients, clippings from news papers, etc.
Proposal Format
Each Proposal should be no longer than 25 pages in length and should include a three-page executive summary. Resumes and qualifications may be added as an appendix to the main proposal. Proposals should include the following components:
• Statement of the problem;
• Description of the proposed research methodology;
• Project plan and timeline;
• Principal investigator and research staff qualifications (background on the organization of the researcher(s) should be included if the organization is not an accredited U.S. postsecondary institution);
• Project budget inclusive of all expenses; and
• Summary of deliverables including an outline of the projected final report.
Upon award, finalists will be expected to submit a more detailed research prospectus and will receive 25% of the agreed contract price at acceptance of this prospectus and finalization of the contract. An additional 25% will be paid at an agreed-on midpoint of the project, and the balance will be paid on successful completion as reasonably determined by ECAR. Specific project milestones and benchmarks and a project review and acceptance procedure will be incorporated into the contract.
Proposal Format
1. Proposals should be prepared in accordance with the sample entries on the following pages.
2. Proposals should be prepared on A4-size paper clip and be fastened on the left-hand side. (Please note that the proposal should not be bound or stapled.)
3. One original, two copies and one electronic media (3.5inch Floppy Disk or CD-R) of each proposal should be submitted.
4. Page numbers should be included at the bottom center of each page of the proposal.
(Example Descriptions)
[Cover Page]
Proposal for International Joint Research under the
“ Development for Safe Utilization and Infrastructure of Hydrogen” Project
Research and Development Theme:
Date:
Name of Company: Co., Ltd. (company seal)
Name of Authorized Representative: (seal or signature)
Address : (postal code)
Contact Person : Name
Position
Department and Division
Telephone No. ( ) － (Ext. )
Fax No. ( ) －
E-mail Address
* If the contact address is different from that given above, please indicate.
Contact Address: (Postal Code)
Proposal of International Joint Research under the
“ Development for Safe Utilization and Infrastructure of Hydrogen” Project
[Summary]
|Name of R&D Project |“R&D on ” |
| | |
|Outline of the Research and |Please describe briefly (in several lines) the contents in section 1-1 and 1-2 of the |
|Development |proposal. |
|System of Research and Development |Please describe briefly (in several lines) the contents in section 2 of the proposal. |
|Research Period and Budget Scale |Please describe briefly (in several lines) the contents in section 4 of the proposal. |
|Contact Point |Name of Company: |
| |Address: |
| |Contact Person: Name |
| |Position |
| |Department and Division |
| |Address and Postal Code |
| |Telephone No. |
| |Fax No. |
| |E-mail Address |
Note: This summary must not exceed one (1) page. Please attach a separate diagram or a table, if necessary.
[Main Text]
Name of Research and Development Project:
International Joint Research under the
“ Development for Safe Utilization and Infrastructure of Hydrogen” Project
Research and Development Theme: “ ”
1. Contents and Goals of the Proposed Research and Development
1. Contents of the Proposed Research and Development
Please describe the contents and the research approach or method of the proposed research and development in detail. In addition, please clarify existing technological problems that need to be overcome to attain the goals described in section 1-2 below and provide a methodology to be used to resolve the problems, for example, by making a comparison with conventional technologies.
Moreover, please clearly explain part of the proposed research and development to be conducted by each participating Foreign Research Contractor and the roles of the Domestic Organization and each participating Foreign Research Contractor.
2. Goals of the Proposed Research and Development
Please describe the final goals (performance, quantitative properties, etc.) for each proposed research and development theme specifically and quantitatively as best as possible. In addition, please briefly explain the reason(s) or the basis for setting such goals.
3. Prospects for Commercialization or Practical Application of R&D Results
Please describe the prospective results to be obtained from the proposed research and development.
2. System to Conduct Research and Development
Please indicate the persons who will be responsible for the proposed research and development.
2-1. Person to be Responsible for Research and Development
Name
Department and Division
Telephone No. (Ext. )
Fax No.
2-2. Persons to be Responsible for Operational Management and Accounting
Person to be responsible for operational management:
Name
Department and Division
Telephone No. (Ext. )
Fax No.
Person to be responsible for accounting:
Name
Department and Division
Telephone No. (Ext. )
Fax No.
2-3. Schematic Outline of R&D System (Example)
R&D System for “ ”
Note: Please indicate the sites at which the R&D will be conducted and the research contents for the Domestic Organization and each participating Foreign Research Contractor.
2-4. Sites at which the Research and Development Will Be Performed
Please describe the sites where the research and development will be performed and the reason(s) why the sites have been selected.
(Example)
Central laboratory: Research Institute
Reason for Selection:
Sub-laboratory(s): Co., Ltd.
Reason for selection:
2-5. Résumé of Person to be Responsible for the Research and Development and
Résumé of candidate for the primary researchers for the Research and Development
Please choose an appropriate person to be responsible for the research and development and complete Attachment 2, the Résumé of Person to be Responsible for Research and Development.
Please complete Attachment 3, the Research background résumé of candidate for the primary researchers both the Entrustment Contractor and each participating Foreign Research Contractor.
3.R&D Experience in the Proposed Technology or Related to the Proposed Technology
3-1. R&D Experience
Along with the proposed theme, please describe the circumstances surrounding the proposed research approach or method to be used in Japan and abroad. In addition, please demonstrate relevant experience (including related research fields) and the position in the circumstances showing relevant research presentation, papers, or other output. Moreover, please indicate that all of the parties involved in the proposed research and development (including any joint research conductor and/or each participating Foreign Research Contractor) have the ability to carry out the research and development.
3-2. Possession of Equipment and Facilities for the Proposed Research and Development
Regarding the main equipment and facilities considered necessary for pursuing the proposed research and development, please list the equipment and facilities that the Domestic Organization and Foreign Research Contractor already possesses and describe their use, condition, etc.
(Example)
|Name of Equipment or Facility |Description |
| |(Intended use, specifications, etc.) |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
4. Research and Development Plan
4-1. Utilization of Budget
Please prepare a summary like the following list that indicates the types of procedures that will be taken to carry out the proposed research and development and the amount of expenses that will be required.
In addition, please indicate the number of researchers who will be involved during each quarter of the year in parentheses under the lines indicating the R&D schedule, for reference.
(Example)
Unit: million yen
Number of researchers in ( )
|Research and |Start |April 2005 |Total |
|Development Item |～ March 2005 |～ End | |
|R&D of --- | | | |
| | | | |
|Investigation | | | |
|Of --- | | | |
| | | | |
|Development | | | |
|Of --- | | | |
| | | | |
|R$D of | | | |
| | | | |
|2-1. Research of --- | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
|2-2. Research of --- | | | |
| | | | |
|Total | | | |
Note: Domestic consumption tax should be included for each R&D item. If the country to which a Foreign Contractor belongs also has a consumption tax, it should also be included.
4-2. Outline of Expenses
Please indicate the estimated amount of expenses that will be required for the research and development for each proposed R&D theme, in accordance with the expense items contained in NEDO’s Cost Report Preparation Guideline.
|Expense Categories |Estimated Breakdown(in units of \1,000) |
|(Example) | |
| |Start |April 2005 |Total |
| |～March 2005 |～End | |
| | | | |
|Ⅰ．Plant/Machinery Expenses | | | |
|1.Civil Engineering/Construction | | | |
| 2.Machinery/Facility Purchase | | | |
|of Manufacturing | | | |
| 3.Maintenance/Conversion/Repair | | | |
|Ⅱ．Labor Expenses | | | |
| 1.Research Wages | | | |
| 2.Part-time Employee Wages | | | |
|Ⅲ．Other Expenses | | | |
| 1.Consumables | | | |
|2.Travel | | | |
| mittee Meetings | | | |
| 4.Outsourcing | | | |
| 5.Reports | | | |
| 6.Other Special Expenses | | | |
| | | | |
|Ⅳ．General and Administrative | | | |
|Expenses (Note1) | | | |
|Ⅴ．Re-Entrustment Expenses |In accordance with expense items listed |
| |In Ⅰ～Ⅲ above. |
|Overall Operating Expenses(Note2) | | | |
|Consumption Tax(Note3) (Unit:Yen) | | | |
|Total Amount (Unit:Yen) | | | |
Note: 1. General and administration expenses should be determined by multiplying 10% of the total amounts for items I-III .
2. Overall operating expenses should be computed by adding the amounts for items I-IV, excluding consumption tax.
3. If a Domestic Organization is exempt from tax, it should enter the appropriate tax amount for this expense item in the space for consumption tax.
5. Relevant Research and Development
5-1. Relevant Research and Development Supported by Public Funds
If a party submitting a proposal intends to apply for or is already conducting research and development supported by public funds relevant to the proposed research and development, it should describe the system, theme and contents of such research and development.
5-2. Relevant Self-Financed Research and Development
If a party submitting a proposal intends to conduct relevant research and development using private funds in parallel with the contract work, it should provide an outline and describe the objectives (performance, etc.) of the research and development. In addition, please clearly explain the difference(s) between the proposed R&D and the self-financed R&D.
6. Agreement for an Entrustment Contract
If there is no objection to executing the entrustment contract (draft) specified by NEDO, the party submitting a proposal should include the following statement in the proposal.
I certify that this proposal concerning the theme “Research and Development of ” has been submitted after confirming that (Name of Organization) has no objections to executing the entrustment contract (draft) specified by NEDO.
Name of Authorized Representative: , [Signature or Seal]
Full Proposal Format
The Full Proposal provides an in depth description of the project, enabling the Foundation to assess the scientific merit and quality of the research. Both lay and medical professionals will review the proposal. Medical jargon should be limited, where feasible.
The proposal format consists of the application form and information described in the guidelines which can be printed from the links below.
Click here to print the application form and guidelines.
Sixteen copies of the proposal must be mailed to The Gerber Foundation, 4747 West 48th Street, Suite 153, Fremont, MI 49412-8119.
Binding is not required but may be done at the researcher’s discretion.
Due dates are February 15 and August 15 of each year. This is a postmark by date. If these dates fall on a weekend, the due date is the following business day.
Individuals seeking assistance with their proposal may contact the Foundation at any time.
South Dakota Grant Directory
PROPOSAL FORMAT--QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE
by Dr. Jean Layton
of the SD Non-Profit Management Institute
If the funding agency does not supply a format, the accepted proposal format is:
Summary
1. Introduction
2. Problem Statement or Needs Assessment
3. Objectives
4. Methods
5. Evaluation
6. Future or Other Necessary Funding
7. Budget
Briefly, these sections should include:
SUMMARY
A quick, clear statement of the request, including:
--Who you are
--What you plan to do
--What and/or how much you are asking for
I. INTRODUCTION
Introduction to your organization (establish your credibility)
--History (when you founded, what you have done)
--501c3 statement
--Your accomplishments (what can you brag about, what difference have you made)
--Board of organization, location, philosophy and mission
QUICK NOTES ABOUT THE INTRODUCTION:
Keep it simple and clear. Use 1/3 to 1/2 of your proposal length. Brag about your accomplishments. Develop this section and plan to use it again. Use active voice. Avoid negative statements. Use statistics to quantify your activities whenever possible. When you use statistics, explain what they mean. Keep the request based on the program, not the staff or facility.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT OR NEEDS STATEMENT
State specifically what the problem or need is and how the proposal will speak to or correct this situation.
Use data to support the fact that there is a problem or need. Explain the data.
State causal factors for the problem (if applicable).
III. OBJECTIVES
Use program objectives, primarily long term. State these as outcomes from the results you anticipate.
Objectives result from your problem statement. (If you use the needs statement, talk about the benefits from your project.)
Objectives are time limited, measurable, about change, quantifiable. Don't overstate the objective. You probably can't solve the world's hunger problem, for example.
Objectives and benefits should be derived from the needs of the clients.
IV. METHODS
Exactly, what are going to do?
Why are you going to do what you plan?
How are you going to staff the project?
V. EVALUATION
Evaluation (Important to all applications because it allows the funding source to see that you are accountable.)
How are you going to measure whether your project makes a difference?
--FORMATIVE EVALUATION: Measures the process. Were activities completed on time? What methods were most effective?
--SUMMATIVE EVALUATION: Measures outcome. Did you reach your objectives? Did you make a difference?
Allow funds in the budget to conduct evaluation.
VI. FUTURE FUNDING AND OTHER NECESSARY FUNDING
Simply tell the funding agency how you will continue the project after their funding is gone. They want to know the program won't disappear.
It is not acceptable to say you will seek other funding from grants.
Talk about possible agency contracts, client fees, local fund raising, purchasers of services, etc.
MAKE SURE YOU ADDRESS HIDDEN COSTS. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU ASK FOR A VAN MAKE SURE YOU TELL THE FUNDING SOURCE HOW YOU ARE GOING TO PAY FOR MAINTENANCE AND INSURANCE.
VII. BUDGET
Do a budget summary.
Follow the summary with a detailed budget.
Either use footnotes to explain line items or include a budget narrative after the budget. Summarize personnel and non-personnel categories.
INCLUDE IN THE APPENDIX ITEMS SUCH AS ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION, LETTERS OF SUPPORT, ORGANIZATIONAL CHART, MATERIALS THAT FURTHER EXPLAIN YOUR OPERATION OR PROJECT. DO NOT INCLUDE MATERIALS JUST BECAUSE THEY DON'T FIT IN THE PROPOSAL LENGTH.
3.0 RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT
Note
The College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee is aware of the fact that different funding agencies may have different guidelines/format requirements. Where this is the case, the Principal Investigator should prepare the proposal in the required format, provided that the format used gives all or most of the details as contained in the College Research and Ethics Committee Guidelines. The Principal Investigator must provide supportive evidence for the format used to the Secretariat. Otherwise the proposed guidelines and format should be followed.
The following is the recommended format for research proposals in which members of staff of the College of Medicine, University of Malawi, are involved.
[a] Title
This should be specific and precise. It should not be more than 2 to 3 lines long, and should indicate what one intends to do/find out.
e.g. "Validation of an algorithm on the management of urethral discharge in Malawi".
[b] Investigators
o Full names, qualifications, academic titles of all the investigators, including trainees (Assistant lecturers or postgraduate students) and their institutional/departmental affiliation(s).
The principal/main investigator (responsible for the work) should be the first one. If there are co-investigators these should be indicated as appropriate with their qualifications, academic titles and institutional affiliations.
o A brief up to date C.V. of each of the investigators and co-investigators should be provided. (if it has not been submitted within the past one year).
N.B Most journals have restrictions on the number of authors for a paper to be published. This may be an important consideration when preparing a research proposal.
[c] Institution[s] under whose umbrella the research project will be conducted:
e.g.
[i] The World Health Organisation.
[ii] The College of Medicine - University of Malawi.
or
[i] The Welcome Trust Centre.
[ii] The College of Medicine, University of Malawi, etc
[d] Executive Summary
This should include:-
▪ The type of research study
▪ The problem [to be studied]
▪ The objectives
▪ Methodology
▪ Expected findings and their dissemination.
All in summary. This should not exceed one and half pages.
[e] Background information and introduction
This should include:-
▪ A review of the relevant literature. It should be most current. (Majority being in the past five to ten years at most).
▪ Locally available information - either published or not. It may include clinical or laboratory observations (e.g. increasing number of adult males presenting with head injuries at the QECH during national holidays).
[f] Rationale/justification for the research project:
There should be a statement explaining why the researcher[s] feel the research project is important and therefore should be carried out, (i.e. the potential significance to health care delivery, or otherwise). It should not be more than a paragraph or two.
[g] Objectives of the study
[i] Broad
The main issues that are being looked at/for, (e.g. to survey the socio-demographic and reproductive profiles of patients with acute gonococcal urethritis at the QECH).
[ii] Specific
The specific issues that are being looked at/for. These must be measurable, either qualitatively or quantitatively and form a guide to the research methodology, data analysis and presentation of results.
Examples:-
1. To survey the age distribution of patients presenting with acute gonococcal urethritis at the QECH.
2. To survey the sexual behaviour of such patients,
[h] Methodology
This should be very detailed as it is your guide on how the study will be done as well as the data analysis. It should provide relevant information on:-
i] The type of research study, e.g
▪ case - control
▪ prospective, descriptive
▪ randomised clinical trial
▪ double - blind clinical trial,
▪ cross sectional
This should reflect exactly what the researchers intend to do.
ii] Study Place
▪ Where the study is going to be conducted (e.g. ten secondary schools in Mangochi District or The Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Chiradzulu District Hospital and South Lunzu Health Centre).
All the areas in/at which the survey/study will be carried out must be indicated.
iii] Study Population
▪ Who are to be included in the study or from which group[s] of people is the study group going to draw, e.g.
1. Patients presenting with multiple pregnancy at the QECH, in Blanytre, Malawi.
iv] Study Period
▪ The entire period of the study including preparation of the proposal, submission and approval, training (where necessary), pretesting (of the questionnaire), data collection, data analysis, report preparation, and dissemination of the findings.
▪ If the study is in phases, each must be specified and the time for each given.
v] Sample Size
▪ Details on the sample size and how it has been arrived at/worked out.
▪ It's justification.
▪ The selection/inclusion/exclusion criteria (e.g
1. every 10th client
2. randomised (and how random)
3. every patient who consents.
▪ The need for and type of consent must be specified, and how it will be obtained, e.g. - written consent, verbal consent
vi] Data Collection:
Details on:-
1. What information is going to be looked for/collected.
2. How that is going to be done (e.g. laboratory test, with provision of appropriate details).
3. Requirements for that, (e.g. reagents, culture media, blood samples and their relevant tests etc). It should include - who is going to do each of the aspects of data collection (e.g. who will draw blood, perform the tests, do the physical examination, interview the study group, etc).
vii] Data Management and Analysis
▪ Details should be provided on how the collected data is going to be managed, (e.g. coding)
▪ Details on data analysis, the computer package to be used in data entry and analysis e.g.
1. SPSS
2. EPI - INFO 6.0, etc
▪ The type of statistical tests to be used e.g.
1. regression analysis
2. student 't' test of significance
viii] Results Presentation
A brief explanation of the format of the results as they will be presented, e.g.
3. Pie charts
4. Histograms
5. Line graphs
6. Tables
ix] Dissemination of the Results
▪ Indicate the person or institution to whom the report is going to be submitted and why.
▪ How does/do the investigator[s] propose to disseminate their research findings, such as;
1. attendance at local, regional or international conferences/seminars, workshops.
2. holding of a dissemination seminar/workshop.
3. publications in peer-reviewed journals etc.
N.B. A copy of the final report and any published paper(s) or abstracts of papers read at conferences out of the research findings should be submitted to each of the following:-
▪ The College of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee (COMREC)
▪ College of Medicine Library
▪ The Health Sciences Research Committee (through the COMREC Secretariat)
▪ The University Research and Publication Committee (URPC) (through the COMREC Secretariat)
[i] Ethical Considerations
- What ethical issues need to be addressed.
- How are they going to be addressed.
- This should include protection of human subjects [clients rights] [Declaration of Helsinki - 1964].
(Annex 1)
- If animals will be used there is need to consider the International Guiding Principles for
Biomedical Research Involving Animals [WHO, 1985]. (Annex 2)
- If using human tissues or other biological materials, refer to [Guidelines for the
Opportunistic Procurement and Use of Human Tissue and other Biological Materials in Research,
WHO 1991]. (Annex 3)
[j] Possible Constraints:
- Any envisaged problems in undertaking the study.
- How these will be addressed, by whom and when.
[k] Requirements:
Details should be provided on what the research project will require.
e.g.
- personnel - and their individual roles
- training (of whom, why, when, where, by who)
- paper - for the questionnaires, reports, etc.
- transport - what form and for what.
- reagents - which/how much of each and for what.
- drugs - which, how much of each, for what, their source(s).
- space - how that will be obtained, where, when.
[l] Budgetary Estimates
- Each line item should be quantified in monetary terms.
- The investigator should indicate the amount to be asked for and what the institution(s) under which
the research project will be conducted, will contribute.
For example:-
|(i) Personnel |Institutional Contribution |Being asked for |
|Principal Investigator's salary |X |Y |
- Each item should be quantified if possible. If it is not possible (e.g. premises or space), it should just
be mentioned as an institutional contribution. However small the institutional contribution is, it should
be indicated.
- Sub-totals for each group should be indicated and then the grand total.
[m] Justification of the Budget
- The investigators must indicate how they arrived at the amount of money being asked for, and how it is going to be disbursed.
e.g.
2 principal investigators - for overall supervision of the project, data analysis, report production and dissemination. 10% of their time for 24 months at US dollars 300.00 = 2 x 300 x 24 = US dollars 14,400.00.
[n] References
- The cited literature, it should be as current as possible and include locally available information
These should be in the internationally accepted format (e.g. E. Afr. Med. J. 1995; Vol. 71. 55-60).
Haiti Emergency Relief response Fund (ERRF)
OCHA Haiti
Project Proposal Format
Revision: 25 january 2010
|1. General Information |
| |
|Contact Details: |
|Name of focal point: | |
|Name of Organisation: | |
|Address: | |
|Telephone: | |
|Fax: | |
|Email: | |
| |
|Mission Statement of Organisation: |
| |
|2. Project Summary |
| |
|Project Title: |If the project is in the Flash Appeal or other appeal document, please use same title and |
| |include appeal project code. |
| |
|Organisation: |Implementing organization (identify partners, if applicable) |
| |
|Project Manager: | |
| |
|Location of Project | |
| |
|Duration: | |
|Start Date: | |End Date: | |
| |
|Cluster of Intervention: |Food, Nutrition, Health, NFI, WASH, Food aid, Early Recovery, Logistics, , etc. |
| |
|Cluster Consultation: |Please include the contact details of the cluster focal point(s) who has been consulted in |
| |the submission, and indicate whether the proposal is endorsed by the cluster(s) |
| |
|Target Population: |host community… |
| |
|Total Project Budget: |(USD) |
| |
|Total Funds Requested from the ERRF: |(USD) |
| |
|Other Funding Sources: |Specify the source and amount of funding received as well as in kind |
| |contributions |
|Was this proposal submitted to other donors? |List other donors who have received this proposal in part or in full |
|3. Summary of Project Objectives: |
| |
|4. Context |
|This section should include brief profiles of the proposed project area (including a brief description of past and current |
|activities in the proposed sector of intervention and the current security situation) and the targeted population (number, status, |
|gender and age, current location). Linkages with other projects in the area of intervention should also be briefly described. |
|5. Problem Statement |
|This section should provide sufficient information to determine the priority of the intervention(s) and the critical needs of the |
|target population. A brief analysis of the situation should be provided, including previous efforts made to address the problem. |
|Indicate dates, sources of information and describe the most critical needs identified |
|Example 1: |High level of water borne disease and limited access to water points |
|Example 2: |High level of moderate and severe malnutrition among children under five. |
|Example 3: |Lack of NFI for settlement |
.
|6. Project Description (Logical Framework) |
| |
|a. Objectives and Indicators (The objectives must be measurable and realistic. The following are example objectives and measurable |
|indicators) |
| |
|Example I: |
|Objective: |Reduce water born diseases and increase water points by X for X number of people. |
|Measurable Indicator (Expected|Chlorinate X number of water points, build X number of water points, and provide public health |
|results): |programmes to targeted population |
|Impact: |Waterborne diseases under control, provide potable water to target population, prevent spread of |
| |diseases |
|Example II: |
|Objective: |Reduce level of moderate and severe malnutrition among children under five to less than X % |
|Measurable Indicator (Expected|Undertake selective feeding and distribute food rations for X number of beneficiaries. |
|results): | |
|Impact: |Mortality rate of children under five reduced to X %. |
|Example III: |
|Objective: |To provide emergency package (kitchen kits, plastic sheeting, clothing) to X number of people. |
|Measurable Indicator (Expected|To conduct a distribution of NFI for X number of people, based on a beneficiary registration. |
|results): | |
|Impact: |Number of targeted people receiving household items within X timeframe. The vulnerability of a |
| |target population reduced. |
The golden rule is that your objectives must be SMART: Specific, to avoid differing interpretations; Measurable, to allow monitoring and evaluation; Appropriate to the problem statement; Realistic and able to achieve; Timebound indicating a specific period of time during which the results will be achieved.
|7. Monitoring Plan |
|This section should describe a plan to monitor and evaluate the project using measurable indicators stated in the project proposal |
|and the log frame as benchmarks. The methodology used to monitor the project should be explained. |
| |
|Progress and final reports should include the results of monitoring and evaluation exercises conducted during the project period, |
|including impact assessment results, KAP survey results. |
| |
|Best practices here would include indicating locations of implementation area using GPS, sharing baseline survey / KAP survey |
|results as an attachment to the final report and comparing against internationally recognized standards such as the SPHERE |
|standards, and plans to engage regional government and community members in monitoring activities. |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|8. Budget Narrative |
|This section should describe and justify the items listed in the attached excel budget file. Please refer to the ERRF guidelines |
|for any information on eligible items for inclusion in the budget. Limit staffing to those directly involved with the proposed |
|activities. |
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| |Elements of a research proposal and report | |
| |2005 © David S. Walonick, Ph.D. | |
| |A chapter from Survival Statistics - an applied statistics book for graduate students. | |
| |[pic] | |
| |All research reports use roughly the same format. It doesn't matter whether you've done a customer satisfaction survey, an employee opinion survey, a health care | |
| |survey, or a marketing research survey. All have the same basic structure and format. The rationale is that readers of research reports (i.e., decision makers, | |
| |funders, etc.) will know exactly where to find the information they are looking for, regardless of the individual report. | |
| | | |
| |Once you've learned the basic rules for research proposal and report writing, you can apply them to any research discipline. The same rules apply to writing a | |
| |proposal, a thesis, a dissertation, or any business research report. | |
| |The Research Proposal and Report | |
| |General | |
| |Style, layout, and page formatting | |
| |Outline of the chapters and sections | |
| |Chapter I - Introduction | |
| |Chapter II - Background | |
| |Chapter III - Methodology | |
| |Chapter IV - Results | |
| |Chapter V - Conclusions and Recommendations | |
| |General considerations | |
| |Research papers usually have five chapters with well-established sections in each chapter. Readers of the paper will be looking for these chapters and sections so | |
| |you should not deviate from the standard format unless you are specifically requested to do so by the research sponsor. | |
| |Most research studies begin with a written proposal. Again, nearly all proposals follow the same format. In fact, the proposal is identical to the first three | |
| |chapters of the final paper except that it's writtten in future tense. In the proposal, you might say something like "the researchers will secure the sample from | |
| |...", while in the final paper, it would be changed to "the researchers secured the sample from ...". Once again, with the exception of tense, the proposal becomes| |
| |the first three chapters of the final research paper. | |
| |The most commonly used style for writing research reports is called "APA" and the rules are described in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological | |
| |Association. Any library or bookstore will have it readily available. The style guide contains hundreds of rules for grammar, layout, and syntax. This paper will | |
| |cover the most important ones. | |
| |Avoid the use of first person pronouns. Refer to yourself or the research team in third person. Instead of saying "I will ..." or "We will ...", say something like| |
| |"The researcher will ..." or "The research team will ...". | |
| |A suggestion: Never present a draft (rough) copy of your proposal, thesis, dissertation, or research paper...even if asked. A paper that looks like a draft, will | |
| |interpreted as such, and you can expect extensive and liberal modifications. Take the time to put your paper in perfect APA format before showing it to anyone | |
| |else. The payoff will be great since it will then be perceived as a final paper, and there will be far fewer changes. | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Style, layout, and page formatting | |
| |Title page | |
| |All text on the title page is centered vertically and horizontally. The title page has no page number and it is not counted in any page numbering. | |
| |Page layout | |
| |Left margin: 1½" | |
| |Right margin: 1" | |
| |Top margin: 1" | |
| |Bottom margin: 1" | |
| |Page numbering | |
| |Pages are numbered at the top right. There should be 1" of white space from the top of the page number to the top of the paper. Numeric page numbering begins with | |
| |the first page of Chapter 1 (although a page number is not placed on page 1). | |
| |Spacing and justification | |
| |All pages are single sided. Text is double-spaced, except for long quotations and the bibliography (which are single-spaced). There is one blank line between a | |
| |section heading and the text that follows it. Do not right-justify text. Use ragged-right. | |
| |Font face and size | |
| |Any easily readable font is acceptable. The font should be 10 points or larger. Generally, the same font must be used throughout the manuscript, except 1) tables | |
| |and graphs may use a different font, and 2) chapter titles and section headings may use a different font. | |
| |References | |
| |APA format should be used to cite references within the paper. If you name the author in your sentence, then follow the authors name with the year in parentheses. | |
| |For example: | |
| | | |
| |Jones (2004) found that... | |
| | | |
| |If you do not include the authors name as part of the text, then both the author's name and year are enclosed in parentheses. For example: | |
| | | |
| |One researcher (Jones, 2004) found that... | |
| | | |
| |A complete bibliography is attached at the end of the paper. It is double spaced except single-spacing is used for a multiple-line reference. The first line of | |
| |each reference is indented. | |
| | | |
| |Examples: | |
| | | |
| | Bradburn, N. M., & Mason, W. M. (1964). The effect of question order on response. Journal of Marketing Research 1 (4), 57-61. | |
| | | |
| | Bradburn, N. M., & Miles, C. (1979). Vague quantifiers. Public Opinion Quarterly 43 (1), 92-101. | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Outline of chapters and sections | |
| |TITLE PAGE | |
| | | |
| |TABLE OF CONTENTS | |
| | | |
| |CHAPTER I - Introduction | |
| | Introductory paragraphs | |
| | Statement of the problem | |
| | Purpose | |
| | Significance of the study | |
| | Research questions and/or hypotheses | |
| | | |
| |CHAPTER II - Background | |
| | Literature review | |
| | Definition of terms | |
| | | |
| |CHAPTER III - Methodology | |
| | Restate purpose and research questions or null hypotheses | |
| | Population and sampling | |
| | Instrumentation (include copy in appendix) | |
| | Procedure and time frame | |
| | Analysis plan (state critical alpha level and type of statistical tests) | |
| | Validity and reliability | |
| | Assumptions | |
| | Scope and limitations | |
| | | |
| |CHAPTER IV - Results | |
| | | |
| |CHAPTER V - Conclusions and recommendations | |
| | Summary (of what you did and found) | |
| | Discussion (explanation of findings - why do you think you found what you did?) | |
| | Recommendations (based on your findings) | |
| | | |
| |REFERENCES | |
| | | |
| |APPENDIX | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Chapter I - Introduction | |
| |Introductory paragraphs | |
| |Chapter I begins with a few short introductory paragraphs (a couple of pages at most). The primary goal of the introductory paragraphs is to catch the attention of| |
| |the readers and to get them "turned on" about the subject. It sets the stage for the paper and puts your topic in perspective. The introduction often contains | |
| |dramatic and general statements about the need for the study. It uses dramatic illustrations or quotes to set the tone. When writing the introduction, put yourself| |
| |in your reader's position - would you continue reading? | |
| |Statement of the Problem | |
| |The statement of the problem is the focal point of your research. It is just one sentence (with several paragraphs of elaboration). | |
| |You are looking for something wrong. | |
| | ....or something that needs close attention | |
| | ....or existing methods that no longer seem to be working. | |
| | | |
| |Example of a problem statement: | |
| |"The frequency of job layoffs is creating fear, anxiety, and a loss of productivity in middle management workers." | |
| |While the problem statement itself is just one sentence, it is always accompanied by several paragraphs that elaborate on the problem. Present persuasive arguments| |
| |why the problem is important enough to study. Include the opinions of others (politicians, futurists, other professionals). Explain how the problem relates to | |
| |business, social or political trends by presenting data that demonstrates the scope and depth of the problem. Try to give dramatic and concrete illustrations of | |
| |the problem. After writing this section, make sure you can easily identify the single sentence that is the problem statement. | |
| |Purpose | |
| |The purpose is a single statement or paragraph that explains what the study intends to accomplish. A few typical statements are: | |
| | | |
| |The goal of this study is to... | |
| | ... overcome the difficulty with ... | |
| | ... discover what ... | |
| | ... understand the causes or effects of ... | |
| | ... refine our current understanding of ... | |
| | ... provide a new interpretation of ... | |
| | ... understand what makes ___ successful or unsuccessful | |
| |Significance of the Study | |
| |This section creates a perspective for looking at the problem. It points out how your study relates to the larger issues and uses a persuasive rationale to justify| |
| |the reason for your study. It makes the purpose worth pursuing. The significance of the study answers the questions: | |
| | | |
| | Why is your study important? | |
| | To whom is it important? | |
| | What benefit(s) will occur if your study is done? | |
| | | |
| |Research Questions and/or Hypotheses and/or Null Hypotheses | |
| |Chapter I lists the research questions (although it is equally acceptable to present the hypotheses or null hypotheses). No elaboration is included in this | |
| |section. An example would be: | |
| | | |
| |The research questions for this study will be: | |
| | | |
| | 1. What are the attitudes of... | |
| | 2. Is there a significant difference between... | |
| | 3. Is there a significant relationship between... | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Chapter II - Background | |
| | | |
| |Chapter II is a review of the literature. It is important because it shows what previous researchers have discovered. It is usually quite long and primarily | |
| |depends upon how much research has previously been done in the area you are planning to investigate. If you are planning to explore a relatively new area, the | |
| |literature review should cite similar areas of study or studies that lead up to the current research. Never say that your area is so new that no research exists. | |
| |It is one of the key elements that proposal readers look at when deciding whether or not to approve a proposal. | |
| | | |
| |Chapter II should also contain a definition of terms section when appropriate. Include it if your paper uses special terms that are unique to your field of inquiry| |
| |or that might not be understood by the general reader. "Operational definitions" (definitions that you have formulated for the study) should also be included. An | |
| |example of an operational definition is: "For the purpose of this research, improvement is operationally defined as posttest score minus pretest score". | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Chapter III - Methodology | |
| |The methodology section describes your basic research plan. It usually begins with a few short introductory paragraphs that restate purpose and research questions.| |
| |The phraseology should be identical to that used in Chapter I. Keep the wording of your research questions consistent throughout the document. | |
| |Population and sampling | |
| |The basic research paradigm is: | |
| | 1) Define the population | |
| | 2) Draw a representative sample from the population | |
| | 3) Do the research on the sample | |
| | 4) Infer your results from the sample back to the population | |
| | | |
| |As you can see, it all begins with a precise definition of the population. The whole idea of inferential research (using a sample to represent the entire | |
| |population) depends upon an accurate description of the population. When you've finished your research and you make statements based on the results, who will they | |
| |apply to? Usually, just one sentence is necessary to define the population. Examples are: "The population for this study is defined as all adult customers who make| |
| |a purchase in our stores during the sampling time frame", or "...all home owners in the city of Minneapolis", or "...all potential consumers of our product". | |
| | | |
| |While the population can usually be defined by a single statement, the sampling procedure needs to be described in extensive detail. There are numerous sampling | |
| |methods from which to choose. Describe in minute detail, how you will select the sample. Use specific names, places, times, etc. Don't omit any details. This is | |
| |extremely important because the reader of the paper must decide if your sample will sufficiently represent the population. | |
| |Instrumentation | |
| |If you are using a survey that was designed by someone else, state the source of the survey. Describe the theoretical constructs that the survey is attempting to | |
| |measure. Include a copy of the actual survey in the appendix and state that a copy of the survey is in the appendix. | |
| |Procedure and time frame | |
| |State exactly when the research will begin and when it will end. Describe any special procedures that will be followed (e.g., instructions that will be read to | |
| |participants, presentation of an informed consent form, etc.). | |
| |Analysis plan | |
| |The analysis plan should be described in detail. Each research question will usually require its own analysis. Thus, the research questions should be addressed one| |
| |at a time followed by a description of the type of statistical tests that will be performed to answer that research question. Be specific. State what variables | |
| |will be included in the analyses and identify the dependent and independent variables if such a relationship exists. Decision making criteria (e.g., the critical | |
| |alpha level) should also be stated, as well as the computer software that will be used. | |
| |Validity and reliability | |
| |If the survey you're using was designed by someone else, then describe the previous validity and reliability assessments. When using an existing instrument, you'll| |
| |want to perform the same reliability measurement as the author of the instrument. If you've developed your own survey, then you must describe the steps you took to| |
| |assess its validity and a description of how you will measure its reliability. | |
| | | |
| |Validity refers to the accuracy or truthfulness of a measurement. Are we measuring what we think we are? There are no statistical tests to measure validity. All | |
| |assessments of validity are subjective opinions based on the judgment of the researcher. Nevertheless, there are at least three types of validity that should be | |
| |addressed and you should state what steps you took to assess validity. | |
| | | |
| |Face validity refers to the likelihood that a question will be misunderstood or misinterpreted. Pretesting a survey is a good way to increase the likelihood of | |
| |face validity. One method of establishing face validity is described here. How to make sure your survey is valid. | |
| | | |
| |Content validity refers to whether an instrument provides adequate coverage of a topic. Expert opinions, literature searches, and pretest open-ended questions help| |
| |to establish content validity. | |
| | | |
| |Construct validity refers to the theoretical foundations underlying a particular scale or measurement. It looks at the underlying theories or constructs that | |
| |explain a phenomena. In other words, if you are using several survey items to measure a more global construct (e.g., a subscale of a survey), then you should | |
| |describe why you believe the items comprise a construct. If a construct has been identified by previous researchers, then describe the criteria they used to | |
| |validate the construct. A technique known as confirmatory factor analysis is often used to explore how individual survey items contribute to an overall construct | |
| |measurement. | |
| | | |
| |Reliability is synonymous with repeatability or stability. A measurement that yields consistent results over time is said to be reliable. When a measurement is | |
| |prone to random error, it lacks reliability. | |
| | | |
| |There are three basic methods to test reliability : test-retest, equivalent form, and internal consistency. Most research uses some form of internal consistency. | |
| |When there is a scale of items all attempting to measure the same construct, then we would expect a large degree of coherence in the way people answer those items.| |
| |Various statistical tests can measure the degree of coherence. Another way to test reliability is to ask the same question with slightly different wording in | |
| |different parts of the survey. The correlation between the items is a measure of their reliability. See: How to test the reliability of a survey. | |
| |Assumptions | |
| |All research studies make assumptions. The most obvious is that the sample represents the population. Another common assumptions are that an instrument has | |
| |validity and is measuring the desired constructs. Still another is that respondents will answer a survey truthfully. The important point is for the researcher to | |
| |state specifically what assumptions are being made. | |
| |Scope and limitations | |
| |All research studies also have limitations and a finite scope. Limitations are often imposed by time and budget constraints. Precisely list the limitations of the | |
| |study. Describe the extent to which you believe the limitations degrade the quality of the research. | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Chapter IV - Results | |
| |Description of the sample | |
| |Nearly all research collects various demographic information. It is important to report the descriptive statistics of the sample because it lets the reader decide | |
| |if the sample is truly representative of the population. | |
| |Analyses | |
| |The analyses section is cut and dry. It precisely follows the analysis plan laid out in Chapter III. Each research question addressed individually. For each | |
| |research question: | |
| | | |
| | 1) Restate the research question using the exact wording as in Chapter I | |
| | 2) If the research question is testable, state the null hypothesis | |
| | 3) State the type of statistical test(s) performed | |
| | 4) Report the statistics and conclusions, followed by any appropriate table(s) | |
| | | |
| |Numbers and tables are not self-evident. If you use tables or graphs, refer to them in the text and explain what they say. An example is: "Table 4 shows a strong | |
| |negative relationship between delivery time and customer satisfaction (r=-.72, p=.03)". All tables and figures have a number and a descriptive heading. For | |
| |example: | |
| | | |
| |Table 4 | |
| |The relationship between delivery time and customer satisfaction. | |
| | | |
| |Avoid the use of trivial tables or graphs. If a graph or table does not add new information (i.e., information not explained in the text), then don't include it. | |
| | | |
| |Simply present the results. Do not attempt to explain the results in this chapter. | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Chapter V - Conclusions and recommendations | |
| |Begin the final chapter with a few paragraphs summarizing what you did and found (i.e., the conclusions from Chapter IV). | |
| |Discussion | |
| |Discuss the findings. Do your findings support existing theories? Explain why you think you found what you did. Present plausible reasons why the results might | |
| |have turned out the way they did. | |
| |Recommendations | |
| |Present recommendations based on your findings. Avoid the temptation to present recommendations based on your own beliefs or biases that are not specifically | |
| |supported by your data. Recommendations fall into two categories. The first is recommendations to the study sponsor. What actions do you recommend they take based | |
| |upon the data. The second is recommendations to other researchers. There are almost always ways that a study could be improved or refined. What would you change if| |
| |you were to do your study over again? These are the recommendations to other researchers. | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |References | |
| |List references in APA format alphabetically by author's last name | |
| |Top | |
| |[pic] | |
| |Appendix | |
| |Include a copy of any actual instruments. If used, include a copy of the informed consent form. | |
| |Top | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
|[pic] |
|Copyright © 2010 StatPac Inc., All Rights Reserved |
Onel de Guzman's rejected thesis proposal at AMA Computer College
(Note: The following is a copy of Onel de Guzman's rejected thesis proposal, which has been linked to the "ILOVEYOU" virus. Here, de Guzman proposes that a Trojan Horse be used to steal passwords from other users to get free Internet access.)
AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE COLLEGE OF COMPUTER STUDIES
THESIS SUBJECT PROPOSAL
NAME OF THE STUDENT: Onel A. De Guzman
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
PROPOSED THESIS TITLE: Email Password Sender Trojan
POSSIBLE AREA OF INVESTIGATION: Software Product
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION:
Trojan horse is a legitimate program that has been altered by the placement of unauthorized instructions within it. These instructions perform functions unknown to (and probably unwanted by) the user. They are not virus and do not replicate like virus. They are complete application, are not attached themselves. This is the main idea and function of the Trojan horse program.
Email Password Sender Trojan is a small Trojan horse, that will send on to your email somebody's Internet access passwords such as (CACHE, RAS - (Remote Access Service), WEB, and Screen Saver) passwords. All passwords that will save by the infected user will send it, to the configurable email in the server side.
Email Password Sender Trojan has two parts, a client and a server part. Client part, this a configuration of a server part, by doing this you can configure Destination Email Address, Server Mail or the Host address where it is sent, also you can configure by scheduling of sending of what day will send to your email. Server part is the Trojan itself and has an extension *.exe you can send it to your friend or to your chatter, if the user run the program, the program run in background and visible even in the Task List (Ctrl+Alt+Del) to become unknown to the infected user after that in 1 minute this Trojan program cached all types of saved passwords and send it directly to the configurable email address using SMTP internet mail protocol. Also if you have an access to your friend computer you can run this program to infect him to get his/her Internet passwords. Also this Trojan is useable in retrieving of lose passwords, this program has the ability to cached all your save passwords in your Windows directly send the summary to your email.
Cleaner is also included in this software package so that the user can immediately remove or clean the Trojan if he/she has accidentally execute the server.
REASON FOR STUDY:
The researcher decided to develop this program because the researcher believes that it will be helpful to a lot of people specially Internet users to get Windows passwords such as Internet Accounts to spend more time on Internet without paying.
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY:
The importance of the study is to help other people most especially Windows users. We all know that when we connect to the Internet we spend more time for surfing and reading email only, so when we are spending time we spend lots of money to pay the accounts for only using a couple of hours. So this program is the main solution, use it to steal and retrieve Internet accounts of the victim's computer.
METHODOLOGY TO BE USED:
In making this study, the research can gather data by reading computer books, surfing the Internets what's new about developing Email, stealing passwords and news about Trojans. Survey and questionnaires will be conducted to support the development of the software.
The technique that will be used by researcher for the computer implementation of the software is prototyping.
The software will take the form of paper prototype that implement some subset functions required of the desire features of the software because the researcher will start to scratch to develop software.
The language that is being used is Microsoft Visual C++ version 6.0 under Windows environment wherein some functions of this software is focusing Windows passwords and developing Email. This compiler is direct use API (Application Programming Interface) so it is easy to use and more comfortable to develop the software and because of compatibility of the software to run in Windows machine the researcher decided to use this compiler. And also this compiler is object-oriented language so its easy manipulate data.
For the final version of the program, the final testing of the study will conducts to some computer Internet addicts and non addicts, hackers, anti-hackers, high schools and college students, professional and non-professional will be asked to test the program's capabilities and their feedback through answering survey forms after testing the program.
POSSIBLE BENEFICIARIES:
The researcher will benefit all Windows Internet users from beginners to professional because this software is free to all. The main idea of this software is to cached and retrieved all lose passwords that users can enjoy it.
TITLE AND AUTHOR OF PREVIOUS STUDIES:
None
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES WITH OTHER RELATED STUDIES:
Trojan System: File System Guard, Ria Ann D. Ero, AMA Computer College Makati, August 1998
SUMMARY:
The software is all about security and protections against unauthorized program running in hidden mode and unknown to user. This system security is run in TSR mode in DOS environment, all programs running are check by this software to identify either it is a Trojan or not. This system security and protection is not accurate in checking and hunting of Trojans because many of Trojans is run in Windows environment.
SIMILARITIES:
The similarities of the previous study to the present study is that, both studies deal and focusing about Trojans.
DIFFERENCES:
The previous study is all about security and protections against unauthorized program running, while the present study is all about a system that can break security of a system and steal user's information.
ALTERMAIL, Conrad M. Pinili, AMA Computer College Makati, April 1999
SUMMARY:
AlterMail is a software application about email client. Using this utility software you can send compose and get mail in a single utility software like many popular email clients such as Outlook and Eudora Mail. This software is made in Visual Basic 5.0 so this software is GUI base and support 16 and 32 bit environment of Windows.
SIMILARITIES:
The similarity of the previous study to the present study is that, both Software has sending of email, and both software is run in Windows base environment under 16 and 32 bit.
DIFFERENCES:
The difference of the previous study to the present is that the previous study deals with email client by compose and reading email while the present study deals only in sending body of email. Internet Utilities Online, Licolas T. Lim, AMA Computer College Makati, April 1999
SUMMARY:
Internet Utilities Online, this software is all about tools in Internet with a package of Email, FTP, Search Engine, and Time Web Manager. This package is more useful than the other Internet utilities because this software is complete package and lots of features such as sending, composing and reading of email, online time monitoring, Web search and uploading and downloading of files on the Net using FTP.
SIMILARITIES:
The similarity of the previous study to the present study is that, both studies deal on Internet and both had a function of sending of email.
DIFFERENCES:
The difference of the previous study to the present study is that, the previous study deals not only in Email but also have a package of FTP, Search Engine, and Time Web Manager, while the present study deals only in sending of body of email.
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