EPA and FDA Flea Products by Dr. Mark Grossman Copyright ...

[Pages:2]EPA and FDA Flea Products -- by Dr. Mark Grossman Copyright Veterinary Information Network

PRODUCT (COMPANY)

ACTIVE INGREDIENT

SPECIES/ MIN. AGE

DOSAGE/ ADMINISTRATION

EFFECTS

COMMENTS

Updated 5.2.14

MOA

Activyl TickPLUS (Merck)

Indoxacarb and

Permethrin

Activyl for Cats (Merck)

Indoxacarb

Advantage Imidacloprid (Bayer)

Advantage Multi

(Bayer)

Imidacloprid Moxidectin

Capstar (Novartis)

Nitenpyram

Certifect (Merial)

Amitraz Fipronil Methoprene

Dogs 8 weeks

Cats 8 weeks

Dogs 7 weeks Cats 8 weeks

Dogs 7 weeks Cats 9 weeks

Dogs 4 weeks >2 lbs

Cats 4 weeks >2 lbs

Dogs 8 weeks >5 lbs

Cheristin Spinetoram

Cats 8 weeks

Monthly Spot-On

Indoxacarb causes tremors, cessation of feeding and death in a few hours. Permethrin kills fleas, kills and repels ticks, repels mosquitoes.

Indoxacarb has wide margin of safety. Fairly large oil spot. So far variable results. Note: Indoxacarb is not an op or carbamate.

Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide that acts on sodium channels in the nervous system of insects.

Monthly Spot-On

Indoxacarb causes tremors, cessation of feeding and death in a few hours.

Indoxacarb has wide margin of safety. Fairly large oil spot. So far variable results. Note: Indoxacarb is not an op or carbamate.

Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide that acts on sodium channels in the nervous system of insects.

Monthly Spot-On; can be used weekly

Monthly Spot-On

Paralysis & death of fleas

Kill fleas within 12 hours, prevents heartworms,intestinal worms. Kills ear mites, kills scabies, mites, may kill Demodex

Rapid action; shampoo wash-off*

Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists

FDA Rx drug; heartworms, intestinal worms, ear mites, scabicidal, may have Demodex efficacy, imidacloprid shampoo wash-off* The cat version has less moxidectin, and is registered for cat parasites

Imidacloprid: Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists; Moxidectin Group 6 Chloride channel activators

One Tablet daily or as needed

Rapid flea kill

FDA OTC Drug, rapid onset, quick kill, no residual

Group 5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (spinosyns)

Monthly Spot-On

Monthly Spot-On

Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death; kills ticks; scabicidal, flea ovicide (Methoprene)

Not approved for Demodex, no pemphigus reaction reported; Amitraz potentiates tick kill of Fipronil. Begins killing ticks in 6 hours, kills 100% of ticks within 18 hours

Very rapid onset. Begins killing fleas in 30 minutes. May see hair loss as in other topicals, will leave a small greasy spot. Occasionally see inactivity, inappetence and vomiting.

Amitraz - Group 19 Octopaminergicagonists. Fipronil Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists; S-methoprene: Juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)

Works by activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, but at a different site than nicotine or neonicotinoid.

Comfortis (Elanco)

Spinosad

Dogs 14 weeks > 3.3 lbs

Cats 14 wks > 2 lbs

Monthly Chewable

Tablet

EasySpot (Novartis)

Fipronil

Cats 8 weeks

Monthly Spot-On

Frontline Plus

(Merial)

Fipronil s-Methoprene

Dogs 8 weeks Cats 8 weeks

Monthly Spot-On

*Note that all of the topical flea products are subject to wash-off when anti-seborrheic shampoo are used.

Excitation of nervous system Paralysis and death of fleas

FDA Rx drug, rapid onset, quick kill; vomiting, epilepsy caution

Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death, kills ticks

Some flea strains relative resistance!, shampoo resistant

Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death; kills and repels ticks

Some flea strains relative resistance!, shampoo resistant

! relative resistance is controversial

Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists

Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists

Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists; S-methoprene: Juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)

Continued on the other side

PRODUCT (COMPANY)

ACTIVE INGREDIENT

K9 Advantix (Bayer)

Imidacloprid Permethrin

NexGard

Afoxolaner

Parastar (Novartis)

Fipronil

Parastar Plus

(Novartis)

Fipronil Cyphenothrin (pyrethroid)

Program / Sentinel

(Novartis)

Lufenuron

Revolution (Zoetis) Selamectin

Scalibor Flea and Tick

Collar (Merck)

Deltamethrin 4%

(synthetic pyrethroid)

Seresto collar (Bayer)

Flumethrin and

imidacloprid

Trifexis (Elanco)

Spinosad Milbemycin

oxime

Vectra 3D (Ceva)

Dinotefuran Permethrin Pyriproxifen

Vectra for Cats and Kittens

(Ceva)

Dinotefuran Pyriproxifen

SPECIES/ MIN. AGE

Dogs 7 weeks

Dogs 8 weeks >4 lbs

Dogs 8 weeks

Dogs 12 weeks

Dogs 4 weeks Cats 4 weeks

Dogs 8 weeks Cats 8 weeks

Dogs 12 weeks

Dogs 7 weeks Cats 10 weeks Dogs 7 weeks, >5 lbs

Dogs 7 weeks

Cats 8 weeks;

DOSAGE/ ADMINISTRATION

EFFECTS

COMMENTS

MOA

Monthly Spot-On

Paralysis and death of fleas; kills and repels ticks; repels mosquitoes

Caution with cat indirect exposure; imidacloprid shampoo wash-off*

!

Imidacloprid: Group 4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists / antagonists; Permethrin Group 3 Sodium channel modulator

Monthly Chewable Chunk

Demonstrated 100% effectiveness against adult fleas 24 hours post-infestation for 35 days. And >93% 12 hours post-infestation. Two studies showed it killed fleas before they began laying eggs. Shown to be >97% effective against American Dog tick 48 hours post infestation for 30 days.

Only tested against American dog tick but

suspect it kills others. Very palatable chunk. A member of the isoxazoline family.

Biggest side effect is vomiting (4%). The safe Inhibits insect and acarine ligand-gated

use of afoxolaner in breeding, pregnant or

chloride channels. Particularly those gated

lactating dogs has not been evaluated. Use

by GABA.

with caution in dogs with a history of seizures. Results in uncontrolled activity of the CNS.

Monthly Spot-On

Fipronil overstimulates the flea's nervous system causing flea death; kills ticks

Some flea strains relative resistance!; shampoo resistant

Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists

Monthly Spot-On

Kills ticks, fleas, and chewing lice. Cyphenothrin is known to be a quick knock-down pyrethroid

Seems to work better than other topicals for ticks; waterproof. Applicator has to be cut at tip to open. Some vets feel that there has been some flea resistance to Fipronil these past few years

Fipronil - Group 2 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists; s-methoprene: juvenile hormone analogue (IGR)

Oral Monthly; Cat injectable every 6 months

Insect Development Inhibitor

FDA drug (Sentinel - prescription; Program OTC); oral forms must be given with food

Group 15 Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis

Monthly Spot-On

Collar

8 Month Collar

Oral monthly

Kills fleas; prevents feeding, rapid cessation of FDA Rx drug; Slow to maximum kill for

egg production; also prevents heartworm

adult fleas, but cessation of feeding and egg

infestations, treats ear mites, scabies (and

production is rapid

other sarcoptiform mites), Dermacentor ticks

and roundworms and hookworms in cats

Group 22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers

Knockdown effect, dehydration and death

Kills existing fleas on dogs within 24 hours after applying the collar. According to the insert, re-infesting fleas are killed within 2 hours with protection against further flea infestation lasting eight (8) months. Ticks already on the dog prior to treatment may not be killed immediately. The prevention of infestations with new ticks starts within 48 hours after application of the collar. Re-infesting ticks are repelled and/or killed as quickly as 6 hours.

Extremely lipophilic; easily penetrates the cuticles of insects and acarines. Water resistant, long lasting - up to 6 months. Caution on debilitated, pregnant, nursing or aged animals.

Metaflumizone: Group 22 Voltagedependent sodium channel blockers; Amitraz: Group 19 Octopaminergic agonists

Cheaper alternative than many topicals. Variable results. OTC collar. For full 8 month duration bathing no more than once per month is recommended. For dogs that swim more once a month or more, the duration is reduced to 5 months. For cats who are bathed more than once per month, the same holds true.

Flumethrin effects voltage gated sodium channels in neural tissue causing them to remain open for longer than physiologically normal. Imidacloprid acts as an agonist on the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of motor neurones in insects causing an over-stimulation of the nervous system ultimately killing the insect.

Spinosad - excitation of nervous system Paralysis and death of fleas

FDA Rx drug; not approved for cats

Monthly Spot-On

Monthly Spot-On

Dinotefuran - kills fleas. Permethrin - kills fleas, repels and kills ticks, repels and kills mosquitoes. Pyriproxifen - insect growth inhibitor

Very rapid onset of action; cool applicator; large vol. (up to 8 ml in giant breed dogs); not tested against resistant flea strains; Dinotefuran shampoo resistant*

Dinotefuran - kills fleas Pyriproxifen - insect growth inhibitor

Very rapid onset of action; cool applicator; 0.8 ml for cats < 9 lbs; 1.2 ml for cats 9+ lbs; not tested against resistant flea strains; Dinotefuran shampoo resistant*

!

Dinotefuran: Group 4 Nicotinic

acetylcholine receptor agonists /

antagonists similar to imidacloprid;

Pyriproxifen: Juvenile hormone

!

analogue (IGR)

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