Brooklyn Technical High School



Student Version L E S S O N P L A N #9

CLASS: Computer Repair, Maintenance, Upgrade and Management DATE: Thursday September 23rd 2010

TOPIC: Microprocessor AIM: What were the features of the AMD processors?

H.W. # 9:

1) What was an improvement of the Pentium 4 over the Pentium III?

2) What is Hyper-Threading technology?

3) Instead of MHz, how did AMD start designating their CPU performance?

4) What are some capabilities of the Xeon processor that gear it towards the server units

DO NOW: Do research to find out the name of the Athlon that was the first major improvement to the classic Athlon:

PROCEDURE:

Write the AIM and DO NOW.

Get students working!

Take attendance.

Go Over HW

Collect HW#

Go over the Do Now

Assignment #1: So we have seen the features of the Pentium III. Now let’s move on to the next generation of Intel processors, namely the Pentium 4. Go to encyclopedia. Look up Pentium 4. Focus on and answer the following questions.

1) What FSB speed did the Pentium 4 start out with?

2) The first Pentium 4 supported only what type of RAM?

3) What type of RAM did the Pentium 4 subsequently support?

4) How many pins were on the first Pentium 4 PGA package?

5) How many pins and what type of package did subsequent Pentium 4 chips have?

Assignment #2: In certain Pentium 4 CPU’s there was a technology that increased performance by 30%. To find out about this technology, look up Hyper-Threading at encyclopedia. What is Hyper-Threading?

A feature of certain Pentium 4 chips that makes one physical CPU appear as two logical CPUs. It uses additional registers to overlap two instruction streams in order to achieve an approximate 30% gain in performance. Multithreaded applications take advantage of the Hyper-Threaded hardware as they would on any dual-processor system; however, the performance gain cannot equal that of true dual-processor CPUs.

Assignment #3: When Intel introduced its Pentium 4, AMD released an upgraded version of the Athlon Thunderbird. To find out more about this new AMD CPU, go to encyclopedia and look up Athlon XP and answer the following questions:

1) When was the Athlon XP introduced?

2) Instead of a Megahertz designation, how did AMD designate these CPUs?

Assignment #4: Just as the Celeron describes a series of lower-end processors built around the Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4, there was another series of high-end processors built around the Pentium II, Pentium III, and Pentium 4. To find out about this series of high-end processors, look up Xeon at encyclopedia and at and answer the following questions:

1) What kind of computers were the Xeon processors designed to be used in?

3) What type of slot did Pentium II and Pentium III Xeon chips connect to?

Some other notes on the Xeon processors:

A) Xeon processors add massive amounts of L2 caches

B) Xeon processors were designed to work in multiprocessor systems, like high end servers. For example take a look at this URL: . What type and how many processors does this server support?

3) The Pentium 4 Xeon came in two varieties; Pentium 4 Xeon and Pentium 4 Xeon MP. Although the Pentium 4 supports multiple processors, the Pentium 4 Xeon is specifically designed to handle many processors. Also, the Pentium 4 Xeon went back to the PGA style package instead of the SEC package that the Pentium II Xeon and Pentium III Xeon used (to connect to slot 2).

The time has come for the address bus size to increase from 32 bits, which allowed for 4GB of RAM to be addressed, theoretically. The new address bus sized that has come out is 64 bits allowing for a theoretical maximum amount of RAM of GB of RAM

Assignment #5: Research the following 64-bit address bus processors and write short summaries on each.

A) Itanium -

The CPU family from Intel that is based on its next-generation, 64-bit IA-64 architecture. The operating systems that are available for Itanium computers are Windows Server 2003, HP-UX and Linux.

Itaniums run IA-64 applications in the CPU's native mode, and they run IA-32 (x86) and HP PA-RISC applications in an emulation mode. IA-32 programs are executed directly in the Itanium's hardware layer or via a software layer in the operating system (see IA-32 Execution Layer). HP PA-RISC applications are run via a software translator (see Aries).

Following are the various Itanium models that have been released along with their code names (in parentheses) as well as models expected in the future. See IA-64 for more on the Itanium architecture.

First Itanium (Merced)

The first Itanium chips were introduced in 2001 with a clock speed of 733 MHz and a 180 nanometer process technology. L3 cache sizes were up to 4MB.

Itanium 2 (McKinley, Madison, Deerfield, Fanwood)

Starting in 2002, the Itanium 2 line was released with clock speeds starting at 900 MHz and increasing to 1.7 GHz. Memory bandwidth was increased from the first Itanium's 2.1 Gbps to 6.4 Gbps. Starting with the Madison chips in 2003, the process technology was reduced to 130 nanometers. L3 cache sizes reached 9MB.

Dual Core Itanium 2 (Montecito, Millington)

In 2006, the third generation Itanium models were introduced with dual cores, up to 24MB L3 cache and 1.7 billion transistors.

Itanium 3? (Tukwila, Poulson, Kittson)

Quad-core Itaniums, code named Tukwila, are expected in 2009 with a process technology of 65 nm. Poulson and Kittson are future chips with more cores.

B) Opteron –

A family of 64-bit CPU chips from AMD, formerly code named Sledgehammer (part of the Hammer line). Introduced in April 2003, the Opteron fully supports 32-bit applications, but requires that programs be optimized and recompiled to take full advantage of the 64 bits. The 64-bit version of Windows XP also takes advantage of the increased CPU word size. Intended for servers and high-end workstations, the Opteron competes with Intel's Xeon and Itanium lines. AMD subsequently introduced 64-bit Athlon CPUs (see Athlon).

Multicore Opterons

In 2005, following the introduction of its Athlon dual-core chips, AMD introduced dual-core Opterons with quad-core compatibility (dual cores could be replaced with quad-core chips on the same motherboard). In 2007, it introduced the Quad-Core AMD Opteron processor (code named Barcelona).

Questions: Use your research skills to answer the following questions. Some have been answered from past lessons. Some questions are new.

1) A Pentium III processor has 32K of Level 1 cache, whereas the Athlon has 128K of Level 1 cache. What does the cache provide for the processors? Often used information

2) What type of connector the Pentium II use to attach to the motherboard? Slot 1

3) What is a L2 cache size for a Pentium II processor? 512

4) If your Pentium III has a CPU speed of 850 MHz and a motherboard speed of 100 MHz, what is the clock multiplier? 8.5

5) What are differences between a Pentium and a Pentium II? Faster, bigger cache, different package

6) What motherboard socket type is used on the Pentium IV chip? PGA

7) What motherboard socket type is used with the AMD Athlon XP? Socket A

8) Which processors can access as much as 4GB or RAM (you can state a range)? From 386 to the present

9) Which processor package type is the same as the SECC, but without the plastic covering? SEPP

10) What was the first processor to use Socket A? AMD Athlon

11) How many transistors does the Pentium 4 have? 42 Million

12) When is it appropriate to have a Slot 1 on a system board? To connect to a Pentium II

13) What characteristic(s) of the system-board architecture determine the amount of memory that a CPU can address? Address Bus

14) What was the first Intel CPU to contain internal cache? 486

15) When is it appropriate to use a Celeron rather than a Pentium II in a computer system? It doesn’t really matter

16) Which is more powerful, the Celeron or the Xeon processor? Xeon

17) Compare and contrast RISC and CISC technology. Reduced Instructions Set Computer is a processor that does not include many instructions that a processor will never use making the processor faster. A Complex Instruction Set Computer is a processor that includes many instructions that a processor will never use making the processor slower.

18) What is the name for the bus that connects L2 cache to the CPU inside the Pentium II processor housing? Backside bus or Internal Data bus

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