University of Southern California



University of Southern California

PUBD 520 Spring 2012

Regional Studies in Public Diplomacy: Europe

Professor Mai’a K. Davis Cross

mkcross@usc.edu

Class Location: ASC 232 Class Time: Tuesdays 9-11:50am

Office Location: VKC 343 Office Hours: Mon 2-3pm, Tues 12-1pm

Course Description

This course explores the intersection of international relations theory and public diplomacy in the context of Europe. The emphasis is on how the evolving and multi-leveled nature of the European Union presents both a challenge and opportunity for actors engaged in public diplomacy. Public diplomacy is typically defined as how a nation’s government and/or society projects itself to external audiences in ways that improve these foreign publics’ perception of that nation. In the long run, successful public diplomacy should result in more soft power and favorable policies towards the nation that engages in it. The European region in particular is rich with valuable cases to draw upon. Since the EU is a quasi-federal entity, with both state and non-state characteristics, it is often difficult to coordinate public diplomacy initiatives and to craft coherent messages. There are numerous historical, ideational, political, and material variables that impact how Europe, as well as the states and regions within Europe, conceive of themselves.

The course is divided into three sections. The first section provides a foundation by reviewing the politics and foreign policy of the EU – its historical development, how it works, and its role as a global player. The second section, the bulk of the course, examines how Europeans actually engage in public diplomacy by tackling each level of analysis in turn – supranational, national, subnational, and transnational. We will investigate actual public diplomacy initiatives of several major European countries, cities and regions within certain countries, and of the European Union as a whole. In particular, we will grapple with the theme of identity and its relationship to effective public diplomacy. In Europe, there is much debate over what constitutes identity, how citizens within Europe grapple with multiple and competing identities, and whether a “European” identity is possible. The final section of the course will wrap up with the future prognosis for EU public diplomacy. In particular, we will focus on specific policy areas (environment, economy, security, and media), the advent of the new European foreign service, and transatlantic (US-EU) public diplomacy.

Course Goals

At the end of this course, students should understand…

• how certain IR theories can contribute to our understanding of public diplomacy

• the historical creation of the EU and how it impacts member-states today

• issues of integration and identity within Europe

• the multi-leveled aspect of public diplomacy within Europe

• specific case studies of European public diplomacy, along with their strengths and weaknesses

Course Requirements

1. Class participation: Students are required to complete all readings before the relevant class meeting, as well as actively participate in class discussions and in-class group exercises. In addition to completing the required readings, students should stay abreast of current events pertaining to the EU. We will discuss important developments in Europe at the beginning of each class meeting.

2. In-class writing exercises: At the start of some class meetings, the professor will pose a basic question, based on the readings for that week, and students will have 5 minutes to write down a reaction to that question. Open notes, closed books.

3. Response papers: Students must write 2-page response papers for three of the class meetings. Do not go significantly beyond this page-limit. Discussion/response questions will be available on blackboard under “Content” in advance of each class meeting, but you do not need to limit yourself to one of these questions. Each paper must lay out your own argument at the outset (i.e. I argue that…), and the remainder of the paper should provide evidence in support of this argument. These papers are designed to respond to the readings, but avoid simply summarizing. Your analysis should have your own voice to it, in addition to grappling with the readings. Papers are due as a Word email attachment by 5pm each Tuesday. Students should send these papers to the entire class.

4. Presentation: Students will be required to give a 15-minute formal presentation at some point during weeks 4-12. The topic of the presentation should pertain to a specific EU public diplomacy strategy, a topical area of image building (i.e. humanitarian aid, multilateralism, human rights, etc.) or actor (EU, member-state, region, or city). Presentation guidelines will be provided. Topics must be approved in advance. Scheduling will be agreed upon in class during Week 2.

5. Research paper: Students must write a 15-20 page research paper pertaining to an issue involving European public diplomacy. A 2-page research proposal is due before spring break (Week 9). The paper must deal with at least one of the conceptual themes discussed in class, and reflect significant empirical research beyond the assigned reading. Papers should not propose future policy, but rather analyze a past or present public diplomacy issue. The final paper is due on the last day of class. Students must submit draft papers to the professor for early feedback by Week 13. In order to maximize the quality of the final product, these draft papers should reflect the best effort of each student.

6. Extra credit: Students may briefly present a current event item by briefly summarizing and then connecting to a theme(s) in the course. Simply email the professor by 5pm the day before with a link to the current event item.

Grade Breakdown

Class participation & group exercises 15%

Writing exercises 10%

Response papers 20%

Formal presentation 15%

Research paper 40%

Unexcused absences will negatively impact your overall grade. Absences should be excused in advance unless there is a medical emergency (doctor’s note required). In addition, failure to complete course requirements on time will result in a grade reduction (i.e. A to A-; B to B-) for each day late.

Book List: Required

• John McCormick, Understanding the European Union, Palgrave, 2011. Fifth Edition.

• Brent F. Nelson, The European Union: Readings on the Theory and Practice of European Integration, Lynne Rienner, 2003.

• Marion Demossier (ed.), The European Puzzle: The Political Structuring of Cultural Identities at a Time of Transition, Berghahn, 2007.

Book List: Recommended

• Thomas Risse, A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Cornell University Press, 2010.

• Ben Rosamond, Theories of European Integration, Palgrave, 2000.

• John McCormick, The European Superpower, Palgrave, 2006.

Useful Websites

• – Public Diplomacy links

• – daily online newspaper focused on EU issues

• – Financial Times, very good coverage on EU developments

• – official site of the European Union

• – Chaillot Papers for research on security issues

• –cultural policies of European countries

• And a fun resource: – EU YouTube

• - history of EU & documents

• Journals: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, Place Branding, Diplomacy & Statecraft, International Journal of Cultural Policy, Hague Journal of Diplomacy, European Journal of Cultural Policy

Class Schedule In-Brief

Part I: Foundations

1. Introduction & Evolution of the EU

2. How the EU works today

3. The Tools of European Public Diplomacy

Part II: Multilevel Public Diplomacy

4. The UK & Germany (Quiz on Weeks 1-3)

5. Spain & Italy

6. France, Sweden, and Denmark

7. New Member-States & EU Neighbors

8. Cities & Regions

9. European Union

10. European Union

Part III: Current Challenges & Future Prospects

11. Policy Areas & Public Diplomacy (media & culture)

12. Policy Areas & Public Diplomacy (economy & security)

13. Transatlantic Public Diplomacy

Last Day: Mock Professional Workshop

Reading Schedule

All required readings can be found on Blackboard under Course Assignments or in the required textbooks, unless otherwise noted.

Part I: Foundations

In this first section of the course, we will examine the evolution of the EU from inception to today, and discuss current debates surrounding its role in international relations. We will use international relations theory as a toolbox for explaining the process of integration. This section sets the necessary groundwork for later exploration of the complex and multi-leveled apparatus of public diplomacy in Europe.

(January 10, 2012) Week 1: Introduction & Evolution of the EU

On the first day we will go over the course requirements and expectations; introduce the main concepts of international relations theory that pertain to the study of public diplomacy; and review the history that shaped Europe into its current structure.

Required:

• McCormick, “What is the European Union?” and “The Evolution of the EU,” Understanding the European Union. pp. 1-22, 45-68.

• Winston S. Churchill, “The Tragedy of Europe,” The European Union. pp. 7-11.

• Sergio Pistone, “Altiero Spinelli and the Strategy for the United States of Europe,” The European Union, pp. 91-98

• David Mitrany, “A Working Peace System,” The European Union. pp. 99-119.

• Jean Monnet, “A Ferment of Change,” The European Union, pp. 19-26

• Robert Schuman, “The Schuman Declaration,” The European Union, pp. 13-14

• Charles de Gaulle, “A Concert of European States,” The European Union, pp. 27-44.

• Margaret Thatcher, “A Family of Nations,” The European Union, pp. 49-54

• Jacques Delors, “A Necessary Union,” The European Union, pp. 55-64

• Ernst B. Haas, The Uniting of Europe,” The European Union, pp. 145-149

• Nicholas J. Cull, “Public Diplomacy before Gullion: The Evolution of a Phrase,” USC Center on Public Diplomacy.

Recommended:

• Mark A. Pollack, “Theorizing the European Union: International Organization, Domestic Polity, or Experiment in New Governance?” in American Review of Political Science, Vol. 8, 2005. pp. 357-368 only.

• Paul Pierson, “The Path to European Union: An Historical Institutionalist Account,” Comparative Political Studies. 29: 2 (April 1996) pp. 123-164.

• Rifkin, The European Dream. pp. 1-8, 13-16, 44-57, 197-213.

• Rosamond, Ben. “Neofunctionalism,” in Theories of European Integration (Houndmills: Palgrave, 2000) pp. 50-73.

• McCormick, “The Idea of Europe,” Understanding the European Union, pp. 23-44.

(January 17, 2012) Week 2: How the EU works

This week, students will gain an understanding of the major EU institutions and how they operate, with the aim of setting the context for public diplomacy. In particular, we will consider the debate between intergovernmentalism and supranationalism; explore how European citizens feel about the EU; debate whether or not there is a so-called democratic deficit in Europe; and examine how the key political issues of today impact the practice of public diplomacy. Students will sign up for response paper and presentation dates in class.

Required:

• McCormick, “The European Institutions,” “The EU Policy Process,” and “The EU and its Citizens,” Understanding the European Union. pp. 69-141.

• Liesbet Hooghe, The European Commission and the integration of Europe: images of governance, Cambridge University Press, 2001. pp. 24-30 only.

• Thomas Risse, A Community of Europeans? Transnational Identities and Public Spheres, Cornell University Press, 2010. pp. 1-8 & Chapter 9.

• Jeremy Rifkin, “The European Dream,” Utne, September-October 2004, pp. 75-79

Recommended:

• David Judge and David Earnshaw, “Locating the European Parliament,” in The European Parliament, (The European Union series) Palgrave Press. pp. 7-25.

• Antonis Ellinas and Ezra Suleiman, “Reforming the Commission: between modernization and bureaucratization,” Journal of European Public Policy, 15:5, 2008. pp. 708-25.

• Frank Decker, “Governance beyond the nation-state. Reflections on the democratic deficit of the European Union,” Journal of European Public Policy, 9:2, April 2002, pp. 256-272.

• Neill Nugent, The European Commission, (The European Union series) Palgrave Press. Ch. 1, pp. 6-18.

• Zweifel, “…Who is without sin cast the first stone: The EU’s democratic deficit in comparison,” Journal of European Public Policy, 9:5, October 2002, 812-840.

(January 24, 2012) Week 3: The Tools of European Public Diplomacy

The readings and discussion for this week introduce the key concepts of soft power and public diplomacy in the context of the European Union. What is the EU’s reputation in world politics? How much soft power does it have? What are people’s perceptions of Europe? How can we measure success and failure in public diplomacy efforts?

Required:

• Walter R. Roberts, “What is Public Diplomacy? Past Practices, Present Conduct, and Possible Futures,” Mediterranean Quarterly 18:4, 2007. pp. 36-52.

• Nicholas J. Cull, “Public diplomacy: seven lessons for its future from its past,” Foreign and Commonwealth Office.

• Mark Leonard and Vidhya Alakeson, “The power of attraction, the limits of coercion,” Going Public: Diplomacy for the Information Society, London: The Foreign Policy Centre, 2000. pp. 35-44.

• Javier Noya, “The United States and Europe: Convergence or Divergence in Public Diplomacy?” The present and future of public diplomacy: a European perspective; the 2006 Madrid conference on public diplomacy / ed. J. Noya. Madrid: Real Instituto Elcano, 4 December 2006. pp. 1-6.

• Joseph Nye, “Others’ Soft Power,” Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Power, PublicAffairs, 2004, Chapter 3 excerpt. pp. 75-83.

• John McCormick, “The Changing Nature of Power,” in The European Superpower, Palgrave. pp. 10-33.

• Anna Michalski, “The EU as a Soft Power: the Force of Persuasion,” in Jan Melissen ed., The New Public Diplomacy, Palgrave, 2005. pp.124-142.

• Sonia Lucarelli, “The External Image of the European Union: Executive Summaries,” Forum on the Problems of Peace and War, GARNET - Jointly Executed Research Project 5.2.1, 2007.

• Gregory Paschalidis, 2009, “Exporting national culture: histories of Cultural Institutes abroad,” International Journal of Cultural Policy,15(3): 275-289.

Recommended:

• Lord, Carnes, “The Past and Future of Public Diplomacy,” Orbis, 42(1), 1998.

• Thomas Risse, “Let’s Argue!: Communicative Action in World Politics,” International Organization, Vol. 54, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 1-39.

• Checkel, Jeffrey T., ed., International Institutions and Socialization in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

• Martha Finnemore and Kathryn Sikkink, “International Norm Dynamics and Political Change,” International Organization, Vol. 52, No. 4, Autumn, 1998), pp. 887-917.

Part II: Multi-level Public Diplomacy

Examine primary and secondary sources describing the EU’s intended public diplomacy agenda, and decipher the various ways in which public diplomacy is multileveled (national, sub-national, transnational, and supranational). Student presentations take place beginning Week 4.

(January 31, 2012) Week 4: Britain & Germany

Required:

• Anne-Marie Thiesse, “The Formation of National Identities,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 15-27.

• Mark Leonard and Andrew Small with Martin Rose, “British Public Diplomacy in the Age of ‘Schisms’,” The Foreign Policy Centre, 2005. pp. 1-53. (feel free to skim “The Cultural Divides” section in the middle, pp. 12-30.)

• Ali Fisher, “Public Diplomacy in the United Kingdom,” at the Present And Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective. The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy.

• Fabian Breuer, “Between Ambitions and Financial Constraints: The Reform of the German Armed Forces,” German Politics, June 2006, 15(2), pp. 206-217.

• Peter J. Katzenstein, “Open Regionalism: Cultural Diplomacy and Popular Culture in Europe and Asia,” Prepared for the 2002 American Political Science Association Annual Meeting. pp. 23-30, 37-44 (read sections on Germany).

• “Public Diplomacy – The German View,” Speech by Dr Albert Spiegel, Head of the Federal Foreign Office Directorate-General for Cultural Relations and Education Policy, at the British Council Staff Conference on 18/19 March 2002.

• Rainer Schlageter, “German Public Diplomacy,” at the Present And Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective. The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy.

• C. Nash, A. Kinneavy and K. Mader, “The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Europe: the UK-Germany Relationship,” 8 September 2008.

Recommended:

• Mark Leonard and Vidhya Alakeson, Going Public: Diplomacy for the Information Society, London: The Foreign Policy Centre, 2000. pp. 45-55. (for a historical perspective on British PD in the 90s)

(February 7, 2012) Week 5: Spain & Italy

• Christian Bromberger, “Through the Looking Glass of Football,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 119-138.

• Howard J. Wiarda, “Spain: A Normal Country?” Mediterranean Quarterly, 11:3, 2000, pp. 30-61.

• Omar G. Encarnación, “Democracy and Federalism in Spain,” Mediterranean Quarterly, Winter 2004, pp. 58-74.

• Carmen Calvo, Spanish Minister of Culture, “Opening Remarks,” at the Present And Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective. The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy.

• Maurizio Carbone. 2007. “The domestic foundations of Italy’s foreign and development policies,” West European Politics, 30(4): 903-923.

• Report on Italy, Freedom House.

• “Italy: International Cultural Cooperation,” Compendium: Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe.

• Emidio Diodato, “Italy Abroad: For an Italian Public Diplomacy,” Italian/American Digital Project, January 10, 2008.

• Daniel de Vise, “Italian American Groups Speak Up to Save AP Language Test,” Washington Post, July 3, 2008.

Recommended:

• “Spain: International Cultural Cooperation,” Compendium: Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe. pp. 10-18. (blackboard)

(February 14, 2012) Week 6: France, Sweden and Denmark

• Rickard Bergqvist, “Place marketing in a logistics context: A Swedish case study and discourse,” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 5, 54-66 (February 2009)

• Susanna Heldt Cassel, “Trying to be attractive: Image building and identity formation in small industrial municipalities in Sweden,” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 4, 102-114 (29 May 2008).

• Robin Adamson, The Defence of French: A Language in Crisis? Multilingual Matters Ltd., 2007. Introduction, pp. 55-60 (google books), 74-81 (google books), and 107-142 (blackboard).

• Henrik Larsen, “The Danish Mohammed Cartoon Crisis and the Role of the EU,” Paper presented to the 2006 BISA Annual Conference, University of Cork (blackboard).

(February 21, 2012) Week 7: New Member-States & EU Neighbors

Readings on Enlargement

• Beata Ociepka and Marta Ryniejska, “Public Diplomacy and EU Enlargement: the case of Poland,” Discussion Papers in Diplomacy, Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, 2005.

• “Poland: 30 Years After Solidarity,” Financial Times Special Report.

• Jan Dirk Kemming, Özlem Sandikci, “Turkey’s EU accession as a question of nation brand image,” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3, 31-41 (28 February 2007).

• Bülent Keneş, “Transnational Public Diplomacy,” Today’s Zaman, November 9, 2007.

• Henriette van Lynden, “Diplomatic Dispatches - The Dutch ambassador discusses the transition from national and multilateral diplomacy to public diplomacy,” The Sofia Echo, 1 May 2003.

• Ronald D. Asmus, “Europe’s Eastern Promise: Rethinking NATO and EU Enlargement,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2008.

• György Szondi, “The role and challenges of country branding in transition countries: The Central and Eastern European experience,” Place Branding and Public Diplomacy 3, 8-20 (28 February 2007).

Readings on Eastern Partnership

• “Politics with Imagination,” The Warsaw Voice, August 2, 2010.

• “Eastern Partnership,” The Warsaw Voice, August 2, 2010.

• “Hungary, Poland outline EU presidency priorities,” , September 15, 2010.

• European Commission, “Commission Staff Working Document: Eastern Partnership,” Brussels, 2008.

Readings on European Neighborhood Policy

• Elisabeth Johansson-Nogués and Esther Barbé, (2008) “The EU as a modest ‘force for good’: The European Neighbourhood Policy,” International Affairs 84(1): 81-96.

• Stefan Ganzle, “Externalizing EU Governance and the European Neighborhood Policy: Towards a Framework of Analysis,” Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Political Science Association, June 2008.

Recommended:

• Martin Kahanec and Klaus F. Zimmermann, “Migration in an Enlarged EU: A Challenging Solution?” Five Years of an Enlarged EU, Springer: 2010, pp. 63-94.

• “Bulgaria’s EU Communication Strategy,” Public Diplomacy Wikia,

• Elena Iankoval, Lowell Turner. 2004. “Building the New Europe: western and eastern roads to social partnership,” Industrial Relations Journal, 35: 76–92.

• Neill Nugent ed., European Union Enlargement, Palgrave, 2004. Chapter 1 & 4, pp. 1-21, 56-69.

• Ersel Aydinli, Nihat Ali Özcan, and Dogan Akyaz, “The Turkish Military’s March Towards Europe,” Foreign Affairs, January/February 2006.

(February 28, 2012) Week 8: Cities & Regions

• Ullrich Kockel, “Heritage Versus Tradition: Cultural Resources for a New Europe?” in The European Puzzle, pp. 85-100.

• Peter Wagstaff, “Remapping Regionalism,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 161-180.

• Susan Milner, “Cultural Identities and the European City,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 183-201.

• Goran Therborn, “Identity and capital cities: European nations and the European Union,” The Search for a European Identity, edited by Furio Cerutti and Sonia Lucarelli, Routledge, 2008. pp. 59-74.

• Adrian Favell, “London Calls” and “Brussels,” Eurostars and Eurocities: Free Movement and Mobility in an Integrating Europe, Blackwell Publishing, 2008. Chapters 3 & 4, pp. 30-61.

Recommended:

• David Hanley, “Parties, Identity, and Europeanisation: An Asymmetrical Relationship?” in The European Puzzle, pp. 143-158.

• Adrian Favell, “New Amsterdam,” Eurostars and Eurocities: Free Movement and Mobility in an Integrating Europe, Blackwell Publishing, 2008.

• Massimiliano Andretta and Nicole Doerr, “Trade Unions, Social Movements, and NGOs: European and Non-European Perspectives,” in The External Image of the European Union, edited by Sonia Lucarelli. pp. 283-302.

(March 6, 2012) Week 9: European Union

As an actor in its own right, the EU engaged in external public diplomacy with the international community, and internal public diplomacy with the European community. How do these dynamics differ? Are the internal and external dimensions mutually constitutive? Is a common identity a pre-requisite for European identity? What does the EU actually do to promote its own image? Where should the EU focus its efforts?

• Demossier (ed). The European Puzzle, pp. 1-11.

• Marion Demossier, “The Political Structuring of Cultural Identities in the European Union,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 49-63.

• Ralph Grillo, “European Identity in a Transnational Era,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 67-80.

• Wendy Everett, “Dinosaur, Shipwreck or Museum Piece? The Unstable Identity of European Cinema,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 102-116.

• Philip Fiske de Gouveia with Hester Plumridge, “European Infopolitik: Developing EU Public Diplomacy Strategy,” London: The Foreign Policy Centre, 2005. pp. 1-55.

• Joseph Nye, “Europe’s Soft Power,” The Globalist, 2004.

• European Commission, “A Glance at EU Public Diplomacy at Work,” Brussels: European Communities, 2007.

• Benita Ferrero-Waldner, “The EU in the World,” European Policy Centre Breakfast Briefing. Brussels, 2 February 2006.

Recommended:

• “A World Player. The European Union’s External Relations,” European Communities, 2004.

• “European Union in the World,”

• Erik Oddvar Eriksen and John Erik Fossum, “Europe in Search of Legitimacy: Strategies of Legitimation Assessed,” International Political Science Review, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Oct., 2004), pp. 435-459.

• Richard C. Eichenberg and Russell J. Dalton, “Europeans and the European Community: The Dynamics of Public Support for European Integration,” International Organization, Vol. 47, No. 4 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 507-534.

• T.R. Reid, “L’Europe Qui Gagne,” The United States of Europe, Penguin, 2004. pp.111-143.

• Alexander Stephan, The Americanization of Europe, Berghahn, 2007.

• Thomas Risse, A Community of Europeans? Cornell University Press, 2010.

(March 13-16, 2012) Spring Break

(March 20, 2012) Week 10: European Union

• Scott-Smith, Giles. “Mending the ‘Unhinged Alliance’ in the 1970s: Transatlantic Relations, Public Diplomacy, and the Origins of the European Union Visitors Program,” Diplomacy & Statecraft, 16(4), pp. 749-778.

• Margot Wallstrom, “Public Diplomacy and its role in the EU’s external relations,” speech at Mortara Center for International Studies, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 2 October 2008.

• Peter van Ham, “Branding European Power,” Place Branding,1(2): 2005.

• Emma Basker, “EU Public Diplomacy,” in Javier Noya (ed.), The Present and Future of Public Diplomacy: A European Perspective. The 2006 Madrid Conference on Public Diplomacy (Madrid: Elcano, 2006).

• Steffen Bay Rasmussen, “The Messages and Practices of the European Union’s Public Diplomacy,” Hague Journal of Diplomacy, July 2010.

• Dov Lynch, “Communicating Europe to the World: What Public Diplomacy for the EU?” European Policy Centre, November 2005.

• Sonia Lucarelli, “European political identity, foreign policy, and Others’ image: An Underexplored relationship,” The Search for a European Identity, edited by Furio Cerutti and Sonia Lucarelli, Routledge, 2008. pp. 23-42.

Recommended:

• Sonia Lucarelli, “Research Report: The External Image of the European Union,” GARNET Working Paper No. 17/07. Full Reports.

Part III: Current Challenges & Future Prospects

(March 27 2012) Week 11: Policy Areas & Public Diplomacy (media & culture)

• Wendy Everett, “Dinosaur, Shipwreck or Museum Piece? The Unstable Identity of European Cinema,” in The European Puzzle, pp. 102-116.

• Wim Wenders, “The Image of Europe. Identification and Representation,” Discourse on Europe, Brussels, 11 June 2007.

• Alison Harcourt, “Whither a European media market?” The European Union and the Regulation of Media Markets, 2005.

• Caroline Pauwels et al., “Can State Aid in the Film Sector Stand the Proof of EU and WTO Liberalisation Efforts?” 2007.

• Karol Jakubowicz, 2004. “We Need an EU with a Heart, A Social Conscience, and Courage,” Trends in Communication, 12(4): 157-161.

• Speech by Andras Bozoki, Minister of Culture of Hungary, “Cultural Policy and Politics in the European Union.”

• Committee on Culture and Education, European Parliament, “Draft Report on the cultural dimensions of the EU’s External Relations,” November 29, 2010.

• Communication from the Commission, “European Agenda for Culture in a Globalizing World,” May 10, 2007.

Recommended:

• “A Quality Environment: How the EU is contributing,” European Commission, 2005, pp. 3-22.

• Dimitri D’Andrea, “Global warming and European political identity,” The Search for a European Identity: values, policies, and legitimacy of the European Union, edited by Furio Cerutti and Sonia Lucarelli, Routledge, 2008. pp. 77-92.

• David Hutchison, “The EU and the Press: Policy or Non-policy?” in Katharine Sarikakis ed., Media and Cultural Policy in the European Union, Amsterdam: Rodopi: 2007. pp.183-202.

• David Ward, “Introduction” and “The Quest for Accountability Through Television,” The European Union Democratic Deficit and the Public Sphere: An Evaluation of EU Media Policy, Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2002. pp. vii-xii, 45-53.

• Richard Collins, From Satellite to Single Market: New Communication Technology and European Public Service Television, (Routledge Research in Cultural and Media Studies, 5), 2007.

• David Ward, “Convergence,” The European Union and the Regulation of Media Markets, (European Policy Studies) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005. pp. 111-124.

• David Levy, Europe's Digital Revolution: Broadcasting Revolution, the EU and the Nation State (European Public Policy) London and New York: Routledge, 1999.

• Elizabeth Bomberg, “Policy Learning in an Enlarged European Union: environmental NGOS and new policy instruments,” Journal of European Public Policy,14:2, March 2007, pp. 248-268.

• Jürgen Gerhards and Holger Lengfeld, “Support for European Environmental Policy by Citizens of EU-Member and Accession States,” Comparative Sociology, 7 (2008), pp. 215-241.

April 3, 2012 – In-class Movie. Professor in San Diego for the International Studies Association Annual Conference

(April 10, 2012) Week 12: Policy Areas & Public Diplomacy (economy & security)

• Draft Papers Due

• Thomas Risse, “The Euro between national and European identity,” Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2003, pp. 487-503.

• John McCormick, “Economic Policy,” Understanding the European Union, pp. 142-164.

• Kathleen McNamara and Sophie Meunier, “Between National Sovereignty and International Power: What external voice for the Euro?” International Affairs, Vol. 78, No. 4 (Oct., 2002), pp. 849-868.

• Maurizio Carbone. 2007. The European Union and International Development: The Politics of Foreign Aid, London: Routledge. Introduction, pp. 1-7. See Google books.

• Jolyon Howorth, “Towards a European Strategic Culture,” (chapter 6) in Security and Defence Policy in the European Union, Palgrave, 2007. pp. 178-206.

• Roos Pijpers and Henk van Houtum. 2007. “The European Union as a Gated Community: The Two-faced Border and Immigration Regime of the EU,” Antipode, 39(2): 291-309.

Recommended:

• Sheri Berman and Kathleen McNamara, “Bank on Democracy,” Foreign Affairs. March/April 1999.

• Risse et. al., “To Euro or Not to Euro? The EMU and Identity Politics in the European Union,” European Journal of International Relations, Vol. 5 (2) 1999, pp. 147-87.

• Jolyon Howorth, “The Instruments of Intervention,” (chapter 4) in Security and Defence Policy in the European Union, Palgrave, 2007. pp. 92-134.

• Christoph O. Meyer, Chapter 4, The Quest for a European Strategic Culture, Palgrave, 2006. pp. 78-111.

• Harald Müeller, “Megaterrorism,” Chaillot Papers, No. 58, pp. 21-53.

(April 17, 2012) Week 13: Transatlantic Public Diplomacy

• James P. Rubin, “Building a New Atlantic Alliance: Restoring America’s Partnership with Europe,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2008.

• “The European Union and the United States: Global Partners, Global Responsibilities,” European Commission External Relations. June 2006.

• EU Delegation to the US, “The European Union: A Guide for Americans,” 2008. Evaluate this as a PD tool.

• “EU Focus: The European Union and the United States: A Long-Standing Partnership,” Delegation of the European Union, December 2010.

• Bates Gill and Melissa Murphy, “China-Europe Relations: Implications and Policy Responses for the United States,” Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington D.C.: The CSIS Press, May 2008. pp. 1-4, 30-34 only.

• Lorenzo Fioramonti and Sonia Lucarelli, “The EU Viewed by the Others: drawing some conclusions,” in The External Image of the European Union, edited by Sonia Lucarelli. pp. 325-342.

Recommended:

• Anthony Gooch, the Spokesman for the European Commission Delegation to the US, “Taking it to the U.S.: the EU’s Greatest Public Diplomacy Challenge,”

• Peter Sain Ley Berry, “Why Obama’s Victory Matters to Europe,” EUObserver, November 7, 2008.

• Joseph Nye, “The US and Europe: Continental Drift?” International Affairs, 76(1), 2000. pp. 51-59.

• Stanley Hoffman, “The Crisis in Transatlantic Relations,” and David C. Gompert, “What does America Want of Europe?” in Chaillot Papers, Shift or Rift? Assessing EU-US Relations After Iraq, pp.13-20 and 43-75.

(April 24, 2012) Week 14: Mock Professional Workshop

• Student Presentations of Research Findings

• Research papers due

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