A START IN PUNJABI

A START IN PUNJABI

(Based on comparative structures of Punjabi and American English) HENRY A. GLEASON, JR. HARJEET SINGH GILL 2013 edition, revised by MUKHTIAR SINGH GILL

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA

A START IN PUNJABI by

Henry A. Gleason, jr. Harjeet Singh Gill

2013 edition, revised by MUKHTIAR SINGH GILL

The Advanced Centre for the Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture.

Punjabi University Patiala.

PREFACE

A START IN PUNJABI is based on detailed analyses of sound patterns and syntactic structures of Punjabi and American English. It may be used alongwith its companion volume, A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF PUNJABI, where the authors have dwelt upon colloquial as well as cultivated expressions collated from contemporary literature. There is also a chapter on the Gurumukhi writing system. This book was first circulated in the United States in mimeograph form in Hartford Studies in Linguistics, 1963.

Harjeet Singh Gill Punjabi University, Patiala, 1970.

The 2013 edition is annotated and revised by Mukhtiar Singh Gill, Project Associate, with the active participation of Professor Gurpreet Singh Lehal, Director of the Advanced Centre for the Technical Development of Punjabi Language, Literature and Culture, Punjabi University, Patiala.

Harjeet Singh Gill Professor of Eminence Punjabi University, Patiala, 2013.

CONTENTS

Lesson one

: Introduction ? unaspirated consonants ? high tone.

Lesson two

: Welcome Home ? vowels.

Lesson three

: Welcome Home ? consonants (k c t p / g j d b), r.

Lesson four

: Dining ? consonants (k c t p / kh ch th ph), Punjabi and English v/w.

Lesson five

: Fruit Market ? single and double consonants, Punjabi and English a/, present/ future.

Lesson six Lesson seven

: Sweets shop ? retroflex sounds, Punjabi and English r//, feminine/ masculine, counting.

: Market ? tones, counting.

Lesson eight

: Directions, hiring a rickshaw-///, tones, infinitive, present, future, counting in fractions.

Lesson nine

: Fruit Market-retroflex lateral,/ , singular/plural, feminine/ masculine, positive/ negative.

Lesson ten

: Golden Temple Amritsar ?tones, narrative, present continuous.

...1 ...10 ...17 ...23 ...32

...38 ...45 ...50

...58

...63

Lesson eleven

: A Folk-Tale (of a crow and sparrow) - summary of consonants and vowels, ph/f, j/z, nasals, tones on different syllables, narrative past tense.

Lesson twelve

: A Legend (Guru Nanak and Mardana) - narrative, different forms of past tense, instrumental constructions, case forms.

Lesson thirteen

: Diwali (the festival of lights) ? the sentence structure, narrative present tense, forms of the auxiliary.

Lesson fourteen : Id (an important Muslim festival) ? narrative present tense, verb phrases.

Lesson fifteen : Lohri (the winter festival of fire) ? future tense, past tense.

Lesson sixteen : Agriculture ? use of what, where, who, why, emphatic, negative, other forms of questions.

Lesson seventeen : On the Farm ? general dialogue, imperatives, pronouns.

Lesson eighteen : Around the kitchen in village ? present, past, future commands, requests, suggestions, subordinate clauses.

Lesson nineteen : Vegetable Market ? emphatics, intonation.

Lesson twenty : Suggestions for further study.

...69

...77 ...83 ...88 ...97 ... 105 ...112 ...119 ...129 ...138

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