FEMA Hazard Risk Management Course



HAZARDS RISK MANAGEMENT

FEMA Emergency Management Institute

Instructor Guide Materials Under Development

The Development Team

Greg L. Shaw – Project Manager

George Haddow

Claire Rubin

Damon Coppola

The George Washington University

Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management

FEMA Hazards Risk Management Course

The Hazards Risk Management course is designed and developed as both a stand-alone course and to complement additional related courses such as Hazards Risk Assessment and Hazards Risk Communication. For the purpose of this course, hazards risk management is conceptualized as an over arching process that includes: establishing a context for hazards risk management; risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment, risk communication; risk based decision making; risk mitigation; and overall process monitoring and review.

Session 1 Course Introduction, Overview, Definitions, and Concepts (3 Hours)

• Instructor and student introductions

• Class standards of behavior

• Course syllabus, assignments and expectations

• Definitions

• Disciplines of risk management

• Concepts (risk, risk perception, risk communication, stakeholders, etc.)

• Processing the learning experience

Session 2 Emergency Management: Past, Present, and Future (3 Hours)

• Evolution of Emergency Management

• Evolution of Hazards Risk Management

• IDNDR, Yokomama Strategy and Plan of Action, ISDR

Session 3 Hazards Risk Management Context of Today (1 Hour)

• Process owners and stakeholders

• Incentives

• Obstacles

• The hazards risk management model

Session 4 Public Sector Competencies and Techniques (1 Hour)

• Professionalism

• Training and education

• Certification

Session 5 Private Sector Hazards Risk Management (2 Hours)

• Similarities and differences between the private and public sectors

• A private sector model for risk management

• Training and education

• Certification

• Applying private sector processes to public sector hazards risk management

Session 6 Australian and New Zealand Experiences (1 Hour)

• Overall philosophy

• Turning philosophy into plans and actions

Session 7 Legal Basis for Hazards Risk Management (1 Hour)

Session 8 Federal Requirements for Hazards Risk Assessment (1 Hour)

Establish the Course-Specific Context

Session 9 The Hazards Risk Management Approach (3 Hours)

• Defining the problem

• Establishing a strategic context

• Understanding the local (location of the University/College) community

• Building a culture of disaster preparedness

• Shifting from a response emphasis to a hazards risk management emphasis

• Defining objectives

• Defining measures of effectiveness

• Reintroduction of the hazards risk management model

• The importance of hazards risk communication

Session 10 Issues Management (2 Hours)

• Public consultation, purpose and process

• Identifying stakeholders

• Defining and identifying issues

• The lifecycle of an issue

• Developing an issues management program

• Implementing an issues management program

Session 11 Making Hazards Risk Management work (2 Hours)

• Selling (marketing) the hazards risk management approach

• Visual presentation tools (GIS, Maps, Internet, etc.)

• Developing and implementing policies

• Enforcing policies

• Case studies

Risk Identification

Session 12 Hazards (1 Hour)

• Natural, technological and human induced

• Hazard profiling

• Data/information sources and collection

Session 13 Community and Environment (1 Hour)

• The physical community

• Interdependence of communities/regional context

• The local community extended to regional concerns

• Mutual aid agreements

• Growth plans

• The built environment

• The physical environment

• The social environment

• Critical infrastructure

Session 14 Scope Vulnerability (1 Hour)

• Social vulnerability

• Physical vulnerability

• Infratructure vulnerability

• Economic vulnerability

• Proximity to hazards

Session 15 Risk Perceptions (2 Hours)

• Public perceptions

• Business perceptions

Session 16 Risk Statements (2 Hours)

• Relationship between hazards and elements of risk

• Elements of risk statements

• Risk statement matrix development

Session 17 Midterm Exam (1 Hour)

Analyze Risks

Session 18 Determine likelihood and consequence (2 Hours)

• Qualitative and quantitative

• Knowledge to shape decisions

• Translation of science into policy

• Risk communications issues

Session 19 Modeling techniques (1 Hour)

• Physical

• Virtual

• Mathematical

• Intuitive

• Evaluation of models

• Assumptions of models

• Uncertainty of models

Evaluate Risks

Session 20 Compare the risk evaluation criteria with the levels of risk (1 Hour)

• Context of risks

Session 21 Prioritize risks using the risk levels (1 Hour)

• Set priority criteria (i.e. extreme, high, moderate, low, etc.)

• Identify types of potential mitigation actions

Session 22 Determine which risks are acceptable (1 Hour)

• Who decides (i.e. elected officials, commissions, public, etc.)?

• Impacts on infrastructure

• How different processes work

• Ranking risks

Communicate and consult

Session 23 Public input (1 Hour)

• Solicit input and support from variety of audiences

• Conducted continually throughout planning process

• Informs planning process

• Audiences – residents, business owners, public officials

• Mechanisms - surveys, focus groups, public meetings and partnerships

• Public and organizational involvement in process

• Technology

Session 24 Communicating risk (1 Hour)

• Communicating natural hazard risks

• Communicating technological hazard risk

• Communicating terrorism and homeland security risk

• Terminology

• Media

Session 25 Communicating actions and plans to the public (1 Hour)

• Methods of communications

• Interactive communications

• Communications research

• Technology

• Role of leadership

Session 26 Building public-private partnerships (1 Hour)

• Partnership opportunities and targets

• Outreach programs and techniques

• Existing partnerships

• Leveraging resources and communications

Session 27 Marketing risk mitigation management and actions (1 Hour)

• Developing a marketing strategy

• Research into public awareness and knowledge

• Identifying best media components

• Production of marketing materials

• Dissemination of marketing materials

• Managing a marketing campaign

Session 28 Monitor and review (1 Hour)

• Ongoing throughout planning process

• Evaluation of planning and implementation phases

• Evaluation of communications

• Evaluation of risk reduction

Mitigate Risks

Session 29 Generate risk mitigation options (1 Hour)

• Structural (i.e. levees, dams, retrofits, safe rooms, etc.)

• Non-structural (i.e. building codes, zoning, land use, etc.)

• Large steps vs. small steps

Session 30 Consider the assessment criteria for risk mitigation options (1 Hour)

• Impacts on various community sectors (i.e. homes, businesses, infrastructure)

• Impacts on community capitol building and maintenance plans

• Economic impacts

• Funding and jurisdictional considerations

• Impacts on environment

• Public awareness and education

Session 31 Assess and select appropriate mix of risk mitigation options (1 Hour)

• Impact on risk reduction

• Probability of implementation

• Funding

• Timing

• Leveraging resources

Session 32 Insurance (1 Hour)

• Risk transfer

• Affordability and availability

Session 33 Prepare and implement risk mitigation schedule and plan (1 Hour)

• Budget

• Timeline

• Responsible agencies and organizations

• Communications

• Partnerships

Case Studies

Session 34 Case studies – Application of the Hazards Risk Management Process to actual situations (2 Hours)

• Napa, CA

• Boulder, CO

• Tulsa, OK

• Columbia, SC

• Mecklenburg County, NC

• State of Oregon

• Deerfield Beach, FL

• Seattle, WA

Session 35 Final Exam (2 Hours)

Course Text Books

Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiative.

Preliminary version, July 2002. Prepared as an inter-agency effort coordinated by

the ISDR Secretariat with special support from the Government of Japan, the World Meteorological Organization and the Asian Disaster Reduction Center (Kobe, Japan)

Emergency Risk Management: Applications Guide. Australian Emergency Manuals Series Part II, Volume I. Compiled and edited by Peter Koob, Tasmania State emergency Service. Echo Press, Australia. 2000.

State and Local Mitigation Planning, how-to guide. Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses. FEMA 2001. Version 1.0

Integrating Human-Caused Hazards into Mitigation Planning. FEMA 2002 (coming soon)

Cumulative Bibliography 05/22/03

Ansell, J. and F. Wharton. 1992. Risk: Analysis, Assessment, and Management. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester.

Barnes, Dr. Paul. 2002. “Approaches to Community Safety: Risk Perception and Social Meaning.” Australian Journal of Emergency Management. Autumn.

Blanchard, B. Wayne. 2002. FEMA Higher Education Project Course Theory, Principles and Fundamentals of Hazards, Disasters and U. S. Emergency Management. Draft Sessions 1 and 4.

Bokman, Lloyd. ( March 2003) All Hazards Planning, What Does It Mean,in the Natural Hazards Observer. URL:

Britton, Neil R. 1998. Managing Community Risks. Ministry of Civil Defense, New Zealand, 2nd Edition.

Broadleaf Capital International. 1999. The Australian and New Zealand Standard on Risk Management, AS/NZS 4360:1999. Broadleaf Capital International. Pymble, Australia.

Burby, Raymond J. 2002. FEMA Higher Education Project Course. Building Disaster Resilient Communities. Session 1 Overview. 2002.

Canadian Standards Association. 1997. Risk Management: Guideline for Decision-Makers. Canadian Standards Association. Ontario.

CDC. 2002. Suicide in the United States. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control.

Copenhaver, John. From a Business Perspective: Government and Business Working Together in Emergency Management. (1 page) , click on articles and scroll down or search by author’s name.

Crable & Vibbert (1985) “Managing Issues and Influencing Public Policy”, Public Relations Review, Summer 1985.

Derby, Stephen L., and Ralph L. Keeney. 1981. “Risk Analysis: Understanding ‘How Safe Is Safe Enough?’”. Risk Analysis. V1, No.3. Pp. 217-224. September.

Economist. 2002. The Logic of Irrational Fear. The Economist. October 19.

Emergency Management Australia. 2000. Emergency Risk Management: Applications Guide. Emergency Management Australia. Dickson.

Emergency Management Australia. 2003. Critical Infrastructure Emergency Risk Management and Assurance. Emergency Management Australia. Dickson.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1996. Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning. FEMA. Washington, DC. < >

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1997. MultiHazard: Identification and Risk Assessment. FEMA. Washington, DC.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1998. IS393 Introduction to Mitigation. Emergency Management Institute. < >

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2001. Understanding Your Risks: Identifying Hazards and Estimating Losses. FEMA. Washington, DC.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2002. Mitigation Planning Workshop for Local Communities. Instructor Guide. DMA 2000 State and Local Plan Interim Criteria. FEMA. Washington, DC.

FEMA. 1992. Federal Response Plan; With Revisions. FEMA.

FEMA. 1997. “Project Impact: Building a Disaster Resistant Community – Guidebook.” Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1997.

FEMA. 1999. The Professional in Emergency Management (IS-513). Emergency Management Institute. Emmitsburg, MD.

FEMA. 2002. “Getting Started: Building Support for Mitigation Planning” Federal Emergency Management Agency. September 2002.

General Account Office. Hazard Mitigation: Proposed Changes to FEMA’s Multihazard Mitigation Programs Present Challenges . GAO-02-1035, Sept. 2002.

Glassner, Barry. 1999. The Culture of Fear. Basic Books. New York.

Hainsworth Brad E. (1990) “The Distribution of Advantages and Disadvantages”, Public Relations Review, spring.

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Hardine, Cynthia, and S. Hrudley. 1997. Mixed Messages in Risk Communication. Risk Analysis. Vol. 17. No. 4. Pp. 489-498.

Harrald, John R. 1998. “A Strategic Framework for Corporate Crisis Management.” The International Emergency Management Conference 1998 (TIEMS ’98) Proceedings. Washington, DC. Pages 389–397. Available as Session 03 Reading – FEMA Higher Education Course Business and Industry Crisis Management By Gregory Shaw.

Harrald, John R. 1998. “Linking Corporate Crisis Management to Natural Disaster Reduction.” Submitted for inclusion in the International Decade for Natural Disaster (IDNDR) Press Kit. Pages 1–4. Available as Session 01 Reading – FEMA Higher Education Course Business and Industry Crisis Management By Gregory Shaw.

Harvard Center for Risk Analysis. 2000. “Cellular Phones and Driving: Weighing the Risks and Benefits.” Risk in Perspective, Vol. 8, No. 6.

Heath, R L and Cousino, K R (1990) “Issues Management: End of First Decade Progress Report”, Public Relations Review, vol 16 no 1.

Housing Assistance Council. 1994. Overcoming Exclusion in Rural Communities: NIMBY Case Studies. The Housing Assistance Council (HIC). Washington, D.C.

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ICESI. 2002. Primera Encuesta Nacional sobre Inseguridad Publica en las Entidades Federativas. Instituto Ciudadano de Estudios Sobre la Inseguridad A.C. May. Mexico City.

Inhaber, Herbert. 2002. NIMBY and LULU. Regulation: The Cato Review of Business and Government. Washington, D.C.

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Kellman, Barry. 2002. Managing Terrorism’s Consequences: Legal Issues. Sponsored by the Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism.

Kisken, Tom. 2001. Climate of Fear Overblown, Sociologist Says. Ventura County Star. November 6. p. B1.

Kleindorfer, P.R., Kunreuther, H.C., and Schoemaker, P.J.H. 1993. Decision Sciences – An Integrative Perspective. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

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Laye, John. 2002. Avoiding Disaster, How to Keep Your Business Going When Catastrophe Strikes. Hoboken, NJ. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

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Reiss, Claire Lee, J.D. 2001. Risk Identification and Analysis: A Guide. Public Entity Risk Institute (PERI)

Renee Pearce, L.D. 2000. An Integrated Approach For Community Hazard, Impact, Risk and Vulnerability Analysis: HIRV. Excerpt, Doctoral Dissertation, University of British Columbia.

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Waugh, William L. 2000. Public Administration and Emergency Management, FEMA EMI I.G.

Waugh, William L. 2000. Terrorism and Emergency Management, FEMA EMI I.G.

Waugh, William L. Jr. 2000. Living With Hazards Dealing With Disasters. NY. M.E. Sharpe Co.

Wiggins, Carol. 2002. Warm Waters Attract People and Sharks. The Standard (Baker County). March 27.

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Hazards Risk Management Modeling Programs

Excalibur – Risk and Environment Modeling:

@Risk:

Top Rank:

PrecisionTree:

REMIS:

ARM:

Cassandra:

RMP*Comp Modelling Program for Risk Management Plans:

CAMEO ALOHA - Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres MARPLOT - Mapping Applications for Response, Planning, and Local Operational Tasks:

HAZUS HAZUS-MH:

React:

CATmandu:

Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS):

FEMA Flood Hazard Mapping Software:

CLASIC/2:

EM Tools: NHEMATIS

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