Loudoun County Public Schools



Ancient World History SOL Review GuidePart OneDirections: Answer the questions in bullet-point format, with as much information as possible. You can use the terms listed under each topic to help you answer the questions! Section One: Early ManTerms: Paleolithic, Neolithic, Homo sapiens, archaeologist, carbon dating, nomadic, hunter-gatherer, agricultural revolution, domestication of animals, StonehengeQuestions:What is the difference between the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras?How did systematic agriculture and the domestication of animals lead to permanent settlements?Section Two: River Valley CivilizationsTerms: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus River Valley, Huang He River Valley, Code of Hammurabi, caste system, Hebrews, cuneiform, hieroglyphics, Phoenicians, Phoenician Alphabet, pictographic writing, silt, specialization of labor, ziggurat, pyramid, fertile crescentQuestions:What were similarities all of the river valley civilizations shared?How did the rise of agriculture contribute to the specialization of labor?What evidence is there that the Egyptians had a strong belief in the afterlife? How did this belief contribute to the development of the Egyptian civilization?How did the flooding patterns of Egypt and Mesopotamia differ? What was the impact of this difference on each of the civilizations?What was the social hierarchy in the Indus River Valley civilization? How do we know this? How did the caste system later develop?__________________________________________________________________________________________________Ancient World History SOL Review GuidePart TwoDirections: Answer all of the questions and define the terms you DO NOT know.Part 3: World ReligionsTerms: Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Abraham, Moses, Torah, Ten Commandments, Exodus, Promised Land, Jerusalem, monotheism, polytheism, moksha, reincarnation, Vedas and Upanishads, Brahman, Siddhartha Gautama, Eightfold Path, Four Noble Truths, nirvana, Jesus, Paul, persecution, New Testament, Gospels, Mohammad, Mecca, Medina, Five PillarsQuestions:Explain the relationship between nature and the early river valley pare and contrast the Hindu belief in moksha to the Buddhist belief in nirvana.What is the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?How and where did each of the religions spread?What was the impact of Christianity on the Roman Empire?Explain the split in the Christian Church between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox.Explain the split in Islam between the Shi’a and Sunni Muslims.Section 4: China, India, PersiaTerms: Pictograms, hieroglyphics, cuneiform, alphabet, mandate of heaven, Zorastrianism, Asoka, Questions: What are some characteristics of the Persian Empire?Describe the Mauryan Empire (who led the empire and what contributions did the empire make).Describe the Gupta Empire and its contributions.Who was Qin Shi Huangdi and what are his contributions?Describe the Silk Road.Describe the Great Wall of China (who built it and why was it built).Describe the concepts of Yin and Yang.Describe the three Chinese philosophies and what they were in response to - - - Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism. __________________________________________________________________________________________________Ancient World History SOL Review GuidePart ThreeDirections: Answer all of the questions and define the terms you DO NOT know.Section 5: Classical GreeceTerms: city-states, polis, Hellenistic Culture, colonization, mythology, Athens, Sparta, monarchy, aristocracy, tyranny, democracy, Persian Wars, Peloponnesian War, Golden Age, Delian League, Peloponnesian League, Pericles, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, Phidias, Archimedes, Hippocrates, Euclid, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Draco, Solon, oligarchy, Parthenon, Alexander the Great, Phillip II (King of Macedon), arêteQuestions:Explain the importance of geography on Greek political and social development.Describe the beliefs and role of Greek mythology in the ancient civilization. What are examples of Greek mythology in contemporary American culture?Describe the social structure and citizenship in ancient Greece.Describe the four major battles in the Persian Wars. What were the outcomes of the Persian Wars on the Greeks?Describe the causes, major events, and outcomes of the Peloponnesian Wars.Describe the role of Pericles in the Golden Age of Greece.Explain the philosophies of the three Greek philosophers (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle), also identify the writings of each.Draw and describe the features of the three types of Greek columns (Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian)Describe the characteristics and spread of Hellenistic Culture.Explain the rise and fall of Alexander the Great.Section 6: Classical RomeTerms: patricians, plebeians, Senate, Consuls, Twelve Tables, Punic Wars, Carthage, Hannibal, Scipio, Julius Caesar, Marc Anthony, Augustus Caesar, Tribunes, First Triumvirate, Pax Romana, Constantine, Diocletian, Constantinople, Pantheon, Colosseum, Forum, Roman Roads, aqueducts, arches, bridges, Ptolemy, VirgilQuestions:Explain the role of geography on Roman political and social development.Describe the origin and beliefs of Roman mythology. Explain how Christianity impacted the Roman Empire.Describe the social structure and citizenship in ancient Rome. Be sure to discuss the role of slavery.How did the Roman Republic become more democratic over time?Explain how each of the following were causes of the decline and fall of the Roman Republic. Slavery, land ownership, civil war, inflation.How did Julius Caesar transition the Republic into Imperial Rome? Why was he assassinated?Describe Rome during the time of the Pax Romana.Explain how each of the following were causes of the decline and fall of Imperial Rome. Size:Mercenary armyInflationCivil warInvasions__________________________________________________________________________________________________Ancient World History SOL Review GuidePart FourDirections: Answer all of the questions and define the terms you DO NOT know.Section 7: Byzantine EmpireTerms: Justinian, Justinian’s Code, Hagia Sophia, Greek Orthodox Christianity, Great Schism, Pope, Patriarch, icons, Cyrillic alphabetQuestions:Explain why Constantinople was in a good location. What were Justinian’s achievements as emperor of the Byzantine Empire? (Hint: “re-”)Explain the differences between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches following the Great Schism.When did Constantinople fall? And who conquered it?Section 8: Islamic Empires and the CrusadesTerms: Sunni, Shi’a, Battle of Tours, Dome of the Rock, Arabic Alphabet, Arabic Numerals, Pope Urban, SaladinQuestions:Explain the Sunni – Shi’a division within Islam.What are the five pillars of faith?What is the importance of the Battle of Tours? Who won? Who led the victorious forces?What were the Crusades? What were the effects of the Crusades on Europe?227838025209500Section 9: Trade PatternsDirections: On the map provided on the bottom of this sheet, identify the TRADE ROUTES and the GOODS (as well as technology and ideas) EXCHANGED along each.Silk RoadIndian Ocean trade networkTrans-Saharan trade routes ................
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