Mattaponi Indian Reservation King William County, Virginia

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Continuity Within Change: Virginia Indians National Register Project

Underrepresented Communities Grant Program - Historic Preservation Fund P15AP00020

Mattaponi Indian Reservation

King William County, Virginia

Heritage Properties of Indian Town: The Mattaponi Indian

Baptist Church, School, and Homes of Chiefly Lineages

October 2017

College of William & Mary

Department of Anthropology

Williamsburg, Virginia

Anthropological Research Report Series

Number 7

Commonwealth of Virginia

Department of Historic Resources

Richmond, Virginia

Research Report Series

Number 23

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Mattaponi Indian Reservation

King William County, Virginia

Heritage Properties of Indian Town: The Mattaponi Indian

Baptist Church, School, and Homes of Chiefly Lineages

Authors

Buck Woodard, Ph.D., Co-Principal Investigator

Danielle Moretti-Langholtz, Ph.D., Co-Principal Investigator

Contributors

Martha McCartney

Megan Victor, MA

Nicholas Belluzzo, MA

College of William & Mary

Department of Anthropology

Williamsburg, Virginia

Anthropological Research Report Series

Number 7

Commonwealth of Virginia

Department of Historic Resources

Richmond, Virginia

Research Report Series

Number 23

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This material is based upon work assisted by a grant from the Underrepresented Communities Grant

Program administered by the Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Any opinions, findings,

and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not

necessarily reflect the views of the Department of the Interior.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Introduction and Methodology

9¨C12

Methodology

Field Visits to the Mattaponi Indian Reservation

Civic-Engagement and Ethnography

Archival and Historical Research

II. The Mattaponi Indians¡¯ Early History (by Martha McCartney)

15¨C23

Early European Contact

The Mattaponi Indians¡¯ Territory, 1607-1610

The Spread of Settlement

Expansion and Exclusion

The 1646 Articles of Peace

The Creation of Tribal Reserves

The Mattaponi Make a Treaty

Changes in English Policy

Native Land Sales

Bacon¡¯s Rebellion and the Treaty of Middle Plantation

Competition for Land

III. Indian Town and Country: Native Placemaking and Settlements

27¨C32

IV. Lifeways on the Mattaponi and Pamunkey, c.1700-1800

33¨C43

Colonial-Era Native Dress

Participation in the Market Economy

Early Education and Christianity

V. Mattaponi Town, c.1800-1900

45¨C66

The Early Republic and Antebellum Era Settlement

The American Civil War and Reconstruction

Mattaponi Town at the End of the Nineteenth Century

VI. Mattaponi Chiefs, Indian School, and Indian Baptist Church, c.1880-1980

67¨C86

Chiefs and Headmen

Heritage Properties of Community and Chiefly Lineages, c.1880-1950

The Allmond House

The Langston House

The King-Custalow House

The O.T. Custalow House

The Curtis Custalow House

Mattaponi Education and Religion: Churches and Schools, c.1917-1966

The Mattaponi Indian School

The Mattaponi Indian Baptist Church

VII. Conclusions and Recommendations

Works Cited

Appendix I: Historical Materials and Fieldwork Photos

87¨C88

103¨C135

Appendix II: Mattaponi Historic District Survey

137¨C154

89¨C101

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