Social Studies Reflections



Social Studies Reflections

Chapters 8 and 9

The American Revolution Booklet

Road to Revolution

The French and Indian War

Cause: Both Britain and France claimed the Ohio River Valley. French sent soldiers to the Ohio Valley to drive out British traders

Effect: British viewed this as an act of war. Both Britain and France formed alliances with many American Indian tribes

Cause: Treaty of Paris was signed; Proclamation of 1763 was made; British wanted colonists to help pay for the war

Effect: War was ended; Colonists were told not to settle on land that was west of the

Appalachians and east of the Mississippi River; British came up with the Sugar Act to

tax colonists.

The Committees of Correspondence

Cause: Colonists could work together but would need ways to share information

Effect: Formed Committees of Correspondence to spread views about what the colonies were doing to protest

The Townshend Acts

Cause: Parliament proposed more taxes – passed the Townshend Acts to imports such as glass, tea, paint, and paper

Effect: Colonists stopped drinking British tea. Merchants in Boston would not import goods from England. The Townshend Acts were a failure for Britain.

The Stamp Act

Cause: Parliament needed money to pay off the cost of the French and Indian War

Effect: Britain wanted American colonists to pay higher taxes to help pay for the war.

Cause: Colonists said Parliament could not tax them without representation

Effect: Delegates from 9 colonies met in New York City in the Stamp Act Congress to speak out against the Stamp Act

The Boston Massacre

Cause: Colonists were angered by having British soldiers in their cities; they called the soldiers names.

Effect: Soldiers became so angry they destroyed colonial property

Cause: Anger grew and more fights broke out more often. In one fight, colonists shouted insults at soldiers and began throwing rocks and snowballs.

Effect: Soldiers opened fire and killed 3 colonists right away; 2 others died later. Among the dead was Crispus Attucks.

The Boston Tea Party

Cause: Parliament passed the Tea Act which gave Britain’s East India Co. a monopoly on tea.

Only they could sell tea in the colonies.

Effect: Colonial merchants could not make money in the tea trade so they boycotted tea.

Cause: Ships carrying tea set sail from Britain to the colonies. The Massachusetts governor sided with the British and allowed the ships to dock.

Effect: 150 members of the Sons of Liberty dressed as Mohawk Indians went to the harbor and threw the tea overboard in protest.

Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts)

Cause: The Boston Tea Party angered British leaders.

Effect: A new set of laws passed to punish the colonists. Laws were called the Coercive Acts because people were forced to obey. (blockade Boston Harbor, stopped MA legislature from making laws, forced colonists to feed and house British soldiers)

Lexington and Concord

Cause: British were going to Lexington to capture Sam Adams and John Hancock, and they were going to Concord to get stored weapons. Paul Revere warned the colonists, and the Minutemen were ready for the British.

Effect: Shots rang out and some Minutemen were killed or wounded. As the British returned to

Boston, the Minutemen fired at them. Many British were killed or wounded.

The Second Continental Congress

Cause: News of the fighting at Lexington and Concord spread throughout the colonies.

Effect: The Second Continental Congress met to talk about what to do about the British.

Effect: The decision was made to get ready for war. They were to form an army, George

Washington was to be the Commander in chief, and Congress asked the colonies to contribute money for supplies.

The Declaration of Independence

Cause: Many people were reading Thomas Paine’s pamphlet Common Sense

Effect: Many colonists began to believe that differences with Britain could not be settled

Cause: Delegates to the 2nd Continental Congress said the 13 colonies no longer owed loyalty to the King and called for a resolution or statement of independence

Effect: The Declaration of Independence was drafted, mostly by Thomas Jefferson, and a vote to accept it took place on July 4, 1776

Yorktown

Cause: General Cornwallis set up at Yorktown, Virginia. It was a good location that made it easy for British supplies to be delivered. But the location also meant that they could be surrounded.

Effect: Americans and French made a plan to defeat Cornwallis. French and Continental soldiers surrounded the British and trapped them. The British were forced to surrender.

The Treaty of Paris

Cause: Victory at Yorktown showed that the colonists won their independence. Some fighting dragged on for another two years.

Effect: British and American representatives were sent to Paris, France to negotiate a treaty.

The US was named as a new country; borders were set; British troops had to leave the US

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