14-1 – Geography and Early Cultures pages 384-389



20-2 – The Spanish-American War- Pages 646-651

Essential Question: Why did the United States expand into new parts of the world as a result of the Spanish-American War?

Main Idea 1:

Americans supported aiding Cuba in its struggle against Spain.

• Cubans rebelled against Spain.

• Conflict widely reported in U.S. newspapers, especially by publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst

• Americans supported the Cubans.

• Printed newspapers with exaggerated stories

• Exaggerating news stories in order to sell newspapers is called yellow journalism.

• It was exaggerated because two New York newspapers were competing for readers, and their publishers knew that threats of war would sell newspapers.

• Stories helped increase support for military action

• William McKinley, a supporter of Cuban independence, elected in 1896

Main Idea 2:

In 1898 the United States went to war with Spain in the Spanish-American War.

• USS Maine sunk in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898

• The explosion of the Maine rallied Americans against Spain, though Spain may not have been responsible.

• Congress passed a resolution declaring Cuba independent and demanded that Spain leave.

• The Teller amendment was a statement by Congress saying the United States had no interest in taking control of Cuba.

• Spain declared war on the United States.

Fighting in the Pacific

• The U.S. Navy, under Commodore George Dewey, won a quick victory over the Spanish Pacific fleet in the Philippines on May 1, 1898.

• None of Dewey’s men were killed in battle.

• Dewey had to wait for additional troops to be sent to secure the Philippines.

• On August 13, U.S. troops and Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo took control of the Philippine capital of Manila.

War in the Caribbean

• U.S. Army unprepared for Spanish-American War

• Troops had be increased—from 28,000 to 280,000

• Did not have enough rifles, bullets, or uniforms

• Only a small number died in battle; many more died of disease.

• Rough Riders were a group of volunteers commanded by Theodore Roosevelt

• Part of U.S. troops sent to capture hills around main Spanish forces at Santiago

• San Juan Hill captured on July 1, 1898

• Spanish Caribbean fleet destroyed on July 3, 1898

• U.S. troops invaded Puerto Rico in mid-July.

• Spain signed a cease-fire agreement on August 12, 1898.

Main Idea 3:

The United States gained territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.

Territorial Gains

• The peace treaty between the United States and Spain placed Guam, Cuba, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control.

• Some Americans formed Anti-Imperialist League, opposing treaty and creation of an American colonial empire

• Treaty approved in Senate by one vote more than two-thirds majority needed

New U.S. Territories

Cuba

• U.S. military government set up

• Commission sent to Cuba to fight disease

• Constitution drafted and included Platt Amendment, allowing American intervention in Cuban affairs

The Philippines

• Spain surrendered Philippines for $20 million

• Filipinos revolted against U.S. control.

• Conflict ended in 1902

• Congress passed Philippine Government Act in 1902

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