14-1 – Geography and Early Cultures pages 384-389
20-2 – The Spanish-American War- Pages 646-651
Essential Question: Why did the United States expand into new parts of the world as a result of the Spanish-American War?
Main Idea 1:
Americans supported aiding Cuba in its struggle against Spain.
• Cubans rebelled against Spain.
• Conflict widely reported in U.S. newspapers, especially by publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
• Americans supported the Cubans.
• Printed newspapers with exaggerated stories
• Exaggerating news stories in order to sell newspapers is called yellow journalism.
• It was exaggerated because two New York newspapers were competing for readers, and their publishers knew that threats of war would sell newspapers.
• Stories helped increase support for military action
• William McKinley, a supporter of Cuban independence, elected in 1896
Main Idea 2:
In 1898 the United States went to war with Spain in the Spanish-American War.
• USS Maine sunk in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898
• The explosion of the Maine rallied Americans against Spain, though Spain may not have been responsible.
• Congress passed a resolution declaring Cuba independent and demanded that Spain leave.
• The Teller amendment was a statement by Congress saying the United States had no interest in taking control of Cuba.
• Spain declared war on the United States.
Fighting in the Pacific
• The U.S. Navy, under Commodore George Dewey, won a quick victory over the Spanish Pacific fleet in the Philippines on May 1, 1898.
• None of Dewey’s men were killed in battle.
• Dewey had to wait for additional troops to be sent to secure the Philippines.
• On August 13, U.S. troops and Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo took control of the Philippine capital of Manila.
War in the Caribbean
• U.S. Army unprepared for Spanish-American War
• Troops had be increased—from 28,000 to 280,000
• Did not have enough rifles, bullets, or uniforms
• Only a small number died in battle; many more died of disease.
• Rough Riders were a group of volunteers commanded by Theodore Roosevelt
• Part of U.S. troops sent to capture hills around main Spanish forces at Santiago
• San Juan Hill captured on July 1, 1898
• Spanish Caribbean fleet destroyed on July 3, 1898
• U.S. troops invaded Puerto Rico in mid-July.
• Spain signed a cease-fire agreement on August 12, 1898.
Main Idea 3:
The United States gained territories in the Caribbean and the Pacific.
Territorial Gains
• The peace treaty between the United States and Spain placed Guam, Cuba, and Puerto Rico under U.S. control.
• Some Americans formed Anti-Imperialist League, opposing treaty and creation of an American colonial empire
• Treaty approved in Senate by one vote more than two-thirds majority needed
New U.S. Territories
Cuba
• U.S. military government set up
• Commission sent to Cuba to fight disease
• Constitution drafted and included Platt Amendment, allowing American intervention in Cuban affairs
The Philippines
• Spain surrendered Philippines for $20 million
• Filipinos revolted against U.S. control.
• Conflict ended in 1902
• Congress passed Philippine Government Act in 1902
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