Amino Acid Biosynthesis - WOU Homepage
[Pages:21]Amino Acid Biosynthesis
? Families of Amino Acids
? Essential vs NonEssential Amino Acids
? Synthesis ? One carbon carriers ? Synthesis from Amino
Acids
Families of Amino Acids
? OAA ? PEP + Erythrose 4P ? pyruvate ? Ribose 5P ? ketoglutarate ? 3-phosphoglycerate
Essential vs Non-Essential Amino Acids
Nitrogen
? Atmospheric N2 is the ultimate source of biological nitrogen
? Nitrogen fixation: a few bacteria possess nitrogenase which can reduce N2 to ammonia
? Nitrogen is recycled in nature through the nitrogen cycle
Synthesis
? Prokaryotic cells
? Nitrogenase reaction: ? N2 + 8 H+ + 8 e- + 16 ATP ?
?
2 NH3 + H2 + 16 ATP + 16 Pi
? Ammonia assimilated in amino acids
Transamination
? Transamination reaction ? Determines chirality
Ammonia Is Incorporated into Glutamate
? Reductive amination of -ketoglutarate by glutamate dehydrogenase occurs in plants, animals and microorganisms
Glutamine Is a Nitrogen Carrier
? A second important route in assimilation of ammonia is via glutamine synthetase
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