Solubility Rules Chart - Speedy Template
Solubility Rules Chart
|Negative Ions (Anions) |+ |Positive Ions |= |Solubility of Compounds in |Example |
| | |(Cations) | |water | |
| | |Alkali Ions | | |Sodium fluoride, NaF, is soluble|
|any anion |+ |(Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Fr+) |= |soluble | |
|any anion |+ |hydrogen ion |= |soluble |hydrogen chloride, HCl, is |
| | |[H+ (aq)] | | |soluble |
|any anion |+ |ammonium ion |= |soluble |ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is |
| | |(NH4) | | |soluble |
|nitrate |+ |any cation |= |soluble |potassium nitrate, KNO3, is |
|NO3- | | | | |soluble |
|acetate |+ |any cation |= |soluble |sodium acetate, CH3COONa, is |
|(CH3COO-) | |(except Ag) | | |soluble |
| | |Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+, Cu+, Tl+ | |low solubility (insoluble) |silver chloride, AgCl, forms a |
|Chloride (Cl-), |+ | |= | |white precipitate |
|Bromide (Br-), Iodide | | | | | |
|(I-) | | | | | |
| |+ |any other cation |= |soluble |potassium bromide, KBr, is |
| | | | | |soluble |
| | |Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Ag2+, Pb2+, Ra2+, | |low solubility (insoluble) |barium sulfate, BaSO4, forms a |
|Sulfate |+ |Hg2+ |= | |white precipitate |
|(SO42-) | | | | | |
| |+ |any other cation |= |soluble |copper sulfate, CuSO4, is |
| | | | | |soluble |
| | |alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, | | | |
| | |Fr+), | | |magnesium sulfide, MgS, is |
| |+ |alkali earth metals (Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+,|= |soluble |soluble |
|sulfide | |Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+), | | | |
|(S2-) | |and H+(aq), and NH4+ | | | |
| |+ |any other cation |= |low solubility (insoluble) |zinc sulfide, ZnS, is insoluble |
| | |alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, | | |strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, is | |
| |+ |Fr+), |= |soluble |soluble | |
| | |Sr2+, Ba2+, Ra2+, Tl+, | | | | |
|hydroxide | |and H+(aq), and NH4 | | | | |
|OH- | | | | | | |
| | | | | |silver hydroxide, AgOH, is | |
| |+ |any other cation |= |low solubility (insoluble)|insoluble (forms a precipitate) | |
| | |alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, | | |ammonium phosphate, (NH4)3PO4, is |
|Phosphate (PO43-), |+ |Fr+), |= |soluble |soluble |
|Carbonate (CO32-), | |and H+(aq), and NH4 | | | |
|Sulfite (SO32-) | | | | | |
| | | | |low solubility (insoluble)|magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is |
| |+ |any other cation |= | |insoluble |
| | |alkali ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, | | |sodium chromate, Na2CrO4, is |
|Chromate |+ |Fr+), |= |soluble |soluble |
|CrO42- | |Ca2+, Sr2+, and NH4+, | | | |
| |+ |any other cation |= |low solubility (insoluble)| |
General Solubility Trends:
• All compounds of the ammonium ion (NH4+), and of the Alkali metal (Group IA) cations, are soluble.
• All nitrates and actetates are soluble.
• All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble EXCEPT those of silver, lead, and mercury(I).
• All sulfates are soluble EXCEPT those of silver, lead, mercury(I), barium, strontium, and calcium.
• All carbonates, sulfites, and phosphates are insoluble EXCEPT those of ammonium and Alkali metal (Group IA) cations.
• All hydroxides are insoluble EXCEPT those of ammonium, barium, and alkali metal (Group IA) cations.
• All sulfides are insoluble EXCEPT those of ammonium, Alkali metal (Group I) cations, and Alkali earth metal (Group II) cations.
• All oxides are insoluble EXCEPT those of calcium, barium, and Alkali metal (Group I) cations; these soluble ones actually react with the water to form hydroxides.
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