Amnesty International Report 2020/21

[Pages:1549]AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL

Amnesty International is a movement of 10 million people which mobilizes the humanity in everyone and campaigns for change so we can all enjoy our human rights. Our vision is of a world where those in power keep their promises, respect international law and are held to account. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and individual donations. We believe that acting in solidarity and compassion with people everywhere can change our societies for the better.

Amnesty International is impartial. We take no position on issues of sovereignty, territorial disputes or international political or legal arrangements that might be adopted to implement the right to selfdetermination. This report is organized according to the countries we monitored during the year. In general, they are independent states that are accountable for the human rights situation on their territory.

First published in 2021 by Amnesty International Ltd

Peter Benenson House, 1, Easton Street, London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom

? Amnesty International 2021

Index: POL 10/3202/2021

ISBN: 978-0-86210-501-3

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Original language: English

Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a CreativeCommons (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode

For more information please visit the permissions page on our website:



This report documents Amnesty International's work and concerns through 2020.

The absence of an entry in this report on a particular country or territory does not imply that no human rights violations of concern to Amnesty International have taken place there during the year. Nor is the length of a country entry any basis for a comparison of the extent and depth of Amnesty International's concerns in a country.

ii

Amnesty International Report 2020/21

AMNESTY

INTERNATIONAL

REPORT 2020/21

THE STATE OF THE WORLD'S HUMAN RIGHTS

iv

Amnesty International Report 2020/21

CONTENTS ANNUAL REPORT 2020/21

Abbreviations 7 Preface 9 Global Analysis 14 Africa regional overview 18 Americas regional overview 26 Asia-Pacific regional overview 34 Europe and Central Asia regional overview 41 Middle East and North Africa regional overview 49 Afghanistan 58 Albania 61 Algeria 62 Angola 65 Argentina 68 Armenia 70 Australia 72 Austria 73 Azerbaijan 74 Bahrain 76 Bangladesh 79 Belarus 82 Belgium 86 Benin 87 Bolivia 89 Bosnia and Herzegovina 91 Botswana 93 Brazil 94 Bulgaria 99 Burkina Faso 101 Burundi 103 Cambodia 106 Cameroon 108 Canada 110 Central African Republic 113 Chad 115 Chile 117 China 119 Colombia 125 Congo (Republic of the) 129 C?te d'Ivoire 131 Croatia 133 Cuba 134 Cyprus 136

Czech Republic 137 Democratic Republic of the Congo 138 Denmark 142 Dominican Republic 143 Ecuador 145 Egypt 146 El Salvador 151 Equatorial Guinea 153 Eritrea 155 Estonia 156 Eswatini 157 Ethiopia 158 Fiji 161 Finland 162 France 163 Georgia 166 Germany 168 Ghana 170 Greece 172 Guatemala 174 Guinea 176 Honduras 178 Hungary 180 India 182 Indonesia 186 Iran 190 Iraq 195 Ireland 199 Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories 200 Italy 204 Japan 207 Jordan 209 Kazakhstan 212 Kenya 214 Kosovo 217 Kuwait 218 Kyrgyzstan 220 Latvia 222 Lebanon 223 Lesotho 226 Libya 228 Lithuania 232

Amnesty International Report 2020/21

v

Madagascar 233 Malawi 236 Malaysia 237 Mali 239 Malta 241 Mexico 243 Moldova 247 Mongolia 249 Montenegro 250 Morocco/Western Sahara 251 Mozambique 255 Myanmar 257 Nepal 260 Netherlands 262 New Zealand 263 Nicaragua 264 Niger 266 Nigeria 268 North Korea 273 North Macedonia 275 Norway 276 Oman 277 Pakistan 279 Palestine (State of) 282 Papua New Guinea 285 Paraguay 287 Peru 289 Philippines 291 Poland 293 Portugal 296 Puerto Rico 297 Qatar 298 Romania 301 Russian Federation 302 Rwanda 307 Saudi Arabia 309 Senegal 313 Serbia 314 Sierra Leone 316 Singapore 318 Slovakia 319 Slovenia 320 Somalia 322 South Africa 325 South Korea 328 South Sudan 330 Spain 334 Sri Lanka 337 Sudan 340 Sweden 342

vi

Switzerland 343 Syria 345 Taiwan 349 Tajikistan 350 Tanzania 352 Thailand 355 Togo 357 Trinidad and Tobago 359 Tunisia 360 Turkey 363 Turkmenistan 368 Uganda 369 Ukraine 372 United Arab Emirates 376 United Kingdom 378 United States of America 382 Uruguay 387 Uzbekistan 388 Venezuela 390 Viet Nam 395 Yemen 397 Zambia 401 Zimbabwe 403

Amnesty International Report 2020/21

ABBREVIATIONS

ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations

AU African Union

CEDAW UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

CEDAW Committee UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women

ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross

ILO International Labour Organization

CERD International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

CERD Committee UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination

CIA US Central Intelligence Agency

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease-19

ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States

EU European Union

European Committee for the Prevention of Torture European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

International Convention against enforced disappearance International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

LGBTI Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NGO Non-governmental organization

OAS Organization of American States

OCHA United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs

OHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

European Convention on Human Rights (European) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

ICC International Criminal Court

PPE Personal protective equipment

Amnesty International Report 2020/21

vii

UK United Kingdom

UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

UN United Nations

UPR UN Universal Periodic Review

UN Convention against Torture Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

UN Refugee Convention Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

USA United States of America

WHO World Health Organization

UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial executions UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions

UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights

UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of expression UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression

UN Special Rapporteur on racism Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance

UN Special Rapporteur on torture Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women Special rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences

UNHCR, the UN refugee agency Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

viii

Amnesty International Report 2020/21

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download