Main Difference – Coenzyme vs Cofactor
Lesson 3Enzymes and Chemical DigestionBio 30SB11-2-05Explain the role of enzymes in the chemical digestion of nutrients and identify factors that influence their action.Ask students to do the following before they get this handout.Briefly research what enzymes are.Enzymes break down food and other materials into small particles.Enzymes are built of proteins folded into complicated shapesOur metabolism relies on the work that enzymes carry out.Enzymes speed up (catalyze) chemical reactionsWhy do we need enzymes? What do they do?They allow chemical reactions that we need to survive to happen faster. Without enzymes, these reactions would occur too slowly to sustain life.Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy required to get these reactions started.Briefly research hydrolysis. From Ancient Greek: hydro-, meaning 'water', and lysis, meaning 'to unbind'Any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water ruptures one or more chemical bonds.Do an Enzyme Demo - Jello and pineapple?WHAT ARE ENZYMES?Enzymes are made up of proteins, - long chains of amino acids that act as a catalyst (increases the rates of chemical reactions).Most enzymes contain between 100 and 1000 amino acids, which are joined together in a long chain folded to produce a unique 3D structure.Enzymes break apart large food molecules by hydrolysis – which is the addition of water.WHAT DO ENZYMES DO?Enzymes control chemical reactions in our cellsThe body performs millions of chemical reactions every minute of every day. Without the “encouragement” of enzymes, these reactions would occur too slowly to sustain life.Enzymes LOWER the amount of activation energy needed to get these reactions started.Watch video on Enzymes and Activation Energy (2 min): Why are enzymes so specific?Each enzyme is specific to a substrate and can be used over and over again.The molecules at the beginning of the reaction, called substrates, are converted to different molecules, called products.7361871444300Watch Amoeba Sisters Enzymes (6 min): Has an accompanying worksheet and answer keyWatch video on Hydrolysis & Dehydration Synthesis (2 min): video on Enzymes: The Induced Fit Model (2 min): Enzymes are very specific about which reactions they catalyze. Only molecules with exactly the right shape will bind to the enzyme and react. These are the reactant, or substrate, molecules. The part of the enzyme to which the reactant binds is called the active site. This is a very specific shape and the most important part of the enzyme. What happens at the active site? In the same way that a key fits into a lock, so a substrate is thought to fit into an enzyme’s active site. The enzyme is the lock and the substrate is the key. The Lock & Key Theory of Enzymes Actioncenter3120400 Note the importance of shape, known as “enzyme specificity”At the end of the chemical reaction, does:The substrate look like it has changed? Yes/No? What about the enzyme? Yes/No?For some enzymes the complexity of the binding sites can be very precise, allowing only a single kind of substrate to bind to it.Some other enzymes have lower specificity and will accept a wide range of substrates of the same general type.Ex. Lipases break up any fatty acid chain length of lipid). This is because the enzyme is specific for the type of chemical bond involved and not an exact substrate. INDUCED-FIT MODELWhen the shape of the enzyme changes when the substrate fits into it.COFACTORS, COENZYMES, & INHIBITORSA coenzyme is a substance that works with an enzyme to initiate or aid the function of the enzyme. 67234733390700It can be considered a helper molecule for a biochemical reaction.Coenzymes cannot function on their own and require the presence of an enzyme. Some enzymes require several coenzymes and cofactors.Coenzyme Examples The B vitamins serve as coenzymes essential for enzymes to form fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.Main Difference – Coenzyme vs CofactorA unique set of biochemical reactions occurring in a particular cell defines the identity of that cell among the other cells. Enzymes are proteins that catalyze those biochemical reactions. Both coenzymes and cofactors are small, non-protein substances that play a vital role in the metabolic functions of the cell by helping the enzymes to catalyze the biochemical reactions. They bind to the active site of the enzyme. The main difference between coenzyme and cofactor is that coenzyme is a type of cofactor that loosely binds to the enzyme whereas cofactor sometimes binds tightly to the enzyme.INHIBITORSA substance which slows down or prevents a particular chemical reaction or other process, or which reduces the activity of a particular reactant, catalyst, or enzyme.Watch video on Enzyme Cofactors & Inhibitors (4 min): left30060600Factors affecting enzymes The rate of enzyme–catalyzed reactions depends on several factors:pH level TemperatureConcentration of the substrateConcentration of the enzymeInhibitorspH & TemperatureEnzymes function best at specific temperatures and pH levels. 20447053022500Extreme heat causes the enzyme to lose its shape, denaturing it, and rendering it ineffective. -4992721792073003342374196095400EXIT SLIP:What are enzymes made of?ProteinsWhat do they do?Catalyze reactions (speed up)How do they do it?Decreasing the amount of activation energy required for the chemical reaction to occurWhat factors affect the effectiveness of an enzyme?pH, temperature, concentration of substrate, concentration of enzymeLabel the following on the diagram below:SubstrateActive SiteEnzymeProducts left19748500 Lesson 3Enzymes and Chemical DigestionBio 30SB11-2-05Explain the role of enzymes in the chemical digestion of nutrients and identify factors that influence their action.Ask students to do the following before they get this handout.Briefly research what enzymes are.Why do we need enzymes? What do they do?Briefly research hydrolysis. WHAT ARE ENZYMES?Enzymes are made up of _______________, long chains of ________ ________ that act as a _________________ (increases the rates of ________________ _______________________).Most enzymes contain between 100 and 1000 amino acids, which are joined together in a long chain folded to produce a unique 3D structure.Enzymes break apart large food molecules by hydrolysis – which is the addition of _______________.WHAT DO ENZYMES DO?Enzymes control ________________ ____________ in our cellsThe body performs millions of chemical reactions every minute of every day. Without the “encouragement” of enzymes, these reactions would occur too slowly to sustain life.Enzymes _______________ the amount of __________________ ______________ needed to get these reactions started.Watch video on Enzymes and Activation Energy (2 min): Why are enzymes so specific?Each enzyme is ____________ to a ________________ and can be _________________________________________The molecules at the beginning of the reaction, called _________________, are converted to different molecules, called ____________________.7040675195200Watch Amoeba Sisters Enzymes (6 min): Has an accompanying worksheet and answer keyWatch video on Hydrolysis & Dehydration Synthesis (2 min): video on Enzymes: The Induced Fit Model (2 min): Enzymes are very specific about which reactions they catalyze. Only molecules with exactly the right ____________ will bind to the enzyme and react. These are the reactant, or ______________________, molecules. The part of the enzyme to which the reactant binds is called the ______________ _________. This is a very specific shape and the most important part of the enzyme. What happens at the active site? In the same way that a key fits into a lock, so a substrate is thought to fit into an enzyme’s active site. The enzyme is the _____________ and the substrate is the ____________. The Lock & Key Theory of Enzymes Actioncenter3120400 Note the importance of shape, known as“____________ __________________”At the end of the chemical reaction, does:The substrate look like it has changed? Yes/No? What about the enzyme? Yes/No?For some enzymes the complexity of the binding sites can be very precise, allowing only a single kind of substrate to bind to it.Some other enzymes have lower __________________________ and will accept a wide __________________ of substrates of the same general type.Ex. Lipases break up any fatty acid chain length of lipid). This is because the enzyme is specific for the type of chemical bond involved and not an exact substrate. INDUCED-FIT MODELWhen the shape of the enzyme ___________________ when the substrate fits into it.COFACTORS, COENZYMES, & INHIBITORSA coenzyme is a substance that works with an ___________________ to initiate or aid the function of the enzyme. 87448433274000It can be considered a __________________ molecule for a biochemical reaction.Coenzymes _______________ function on their own and require the presence of an ___________________. Some enzymes require several coenzymes and cofactors.Coenzyme Examples The B vitamins serve as coenzymes essential for enzymes to form fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.Main Difference – Coenzyme vs CofactorA unique set of biochemical reactions occurring in a particular cell defines the identity of that cell among the other cells. Enzymes are ________________ that _________________ those biochemical reactions. Both coenzymes and cofactors are small, _________________________ substances that play a vital role in the ____________________ functions of the cell by helping the enzymes to catalyze the biochemical reactions. They bind to the _____________ _________ of the enzyme. The main difference between coenzyme and cofactor is that coenzyme is a type of cofactor that ________________ binds to the enzyme whereas cofactor sometimes binds ______________ to the enzyme.INHIBITORSA substance which _____________ __________ or ________________ a particular chemical reaction or other process, or which _______________ the ______________ of a particular reactant, catalyst, or enzyme.Watch video on Enzyme Cofactors & Inhibitors (4 min): left30060600Factors affecting enzymes The rate of enzyme–catalyzed reactions depends on several factors:________________________________________________________________________ ________________________pH & TemperatureEnzymes function best at specific ____________________ and ________________. Extreme heat causes the enzyme to lose its _____________, ___________________ it, and rendering it ________________________.left19939000 right223647000-102811238579800 right171640500EXIT SLIP:What are enzymes made of?What do they do?How do they do it?What factors affect the effectiveness of an enzyme?Label the following on the diagram below:SubstrateActive SiteEnzymeProducts left19748500 ................
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