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READING GUIDE:Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Internal CompartmentsGeneral: Make sure you watch the 3 required videos (2 just below and the one under section 3.3) below and read the web page linked below.Videos (both required): Specialized Cells: Significance and Examples by Amoeba Sisters Introduction to cells by Frank GregorioQuestions on Videos: According to the video, what is the function of plant epidermal cells? According to the video, what are red blood cells specialized in? What type of cell is specialized in sending and receiving signals and responding to stimuli? Webpage (required): On cells, tissues and organ systems. (CK-12)/13%3A_Human_Biology/13.1%3A_Organization_of_the_Human_Body Video from above page (optional) – this video is similar to the amoeba sisters video but it is pretty short and shows video and photos of real cells, so it may be worth checking out anyway. Questions on above webpage: What are the 4 main tissue types of the human body?What are the major functions of each of these tissue types?Know at least 4 (there are 12) different organ systems and the major function of that system. OPTIONAL but recommended: (this will not be on the quiz but will be helpful for the lecture and 1st exam)Study the 4 major types of large biological molecules (aka macromolecules) encountered in biology: Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. The following video is really as far as you need to understand the biological molecules at this point: (Macromolecules-A Beginners Guide – by MooMoo math and science)This is material covered in chapter 2.3. I didn’t want to assign those sections now because I want to focus just on a general overview of this section and the reading contains many details. Major Concepts 3.1-3.3: What is a cell exactly?What kind of features are found in all cells? What is the major difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? 3.1 How Cells Are StudiedA cell is a functional unit that can carry out all of the properties of life. Essentially it is a watery compartment surrounded by a thin oily membrane. The chemistry that occurs within the compartment gives the cell its function. What structures combine to form tissues? What structures combine to form organs?I will not ask about the parts of a microscope, but you should know the name of the microscope that most biology students use most frequently in laboratories. You do not need to know anything about the dissecting or electron microscope for the quiz, but you still need to read the section (it is short anyway).This won’t be on the quiz, but it will be on the exam so worth studying now anyway: What are the 3 tenets/claims of the unified cell theory? (you can google this for more information if you want)3.2 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsKnow that ALL cells contain the following: plasma membrane, cytoplasm/cytosol, ribosomes for building proteins, DNA as the genetic material, and many types of protein enzymes carrying out cellular work (the last one I added compared to the book). Know the definition of organelle as follows:An organelle is a membrane-enclosed/membrane-bound compartment inside a cell with a specific function. Know the basic difference between prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells.Most students just mention the nucleus but the nucleus is an organelle, so your definition should include more than just mentioning something about the nucleus. You will not need to remember any of the parts specific to prokaryotic cells for the quiz. Why are cells small? Why are cells from the largest animals about the same size as most unicellular eukaryotic cells? (hint: you should refer to the text). This answer can get complicated, but just know generally how cell size affects its function.3.3 Eukaryotic CellsIn addition to reading the sections below, you need to watch the video: Bozeman tour of the cell (14 mins): . I may not spend much time on the eukaryotic organelles in lecture so this may be your primary lecture source for that part of the chapter. As with all videos, you should take notes as you would in lecture because when studying it is easier to use notes to quickly review instead of having to rewatch all of the videos. For this section, focus on the big picture of what each structure does (i.e. what is it’s function) don’t worry so much about the details. What I want you to know is basically in the video, but the text can be helpful since it has figures you can study and text you can read, but again, try not to get lost in the details. For each organelle, you should remember the name, what it looks like, and a brief description of what its function is (a few words up to a short sentence). The video gives short descriptions for each but the book also uses a factory analogy to describe them.See bottom section (general questions for chapter 3) for short descriptions that may be helpful. For the exam, you will need to have a deeper understanding than just memorizing the descriptions below and associating them with their cell structuresCytoplasm and cytosol are often used interchangeably (and sometimes incorrectly) even though there is a difference in meaning. For this class, you can use either term interchangeably, I will not deduct points if you do not use the technically correct term. FYI, cytosol is the gel-like liquid component of cytoplasm which is composed of water and all dissolved molecules. Cytoplasm is the cytosol with the inclusion of all the solid material not dissolved including organelles, the cytoskeleton, large protein complexes, or more generally all the stuff of a cell that fills the space between the plasma membrane and all the organelles. Cytoskeleton: You don’t need to remember the terms: microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments, tubulin, actin. I do want you to know the difference between rough ER and smooth ER, not just in structure but in function also. The nuclear envelope is continuous (meaning directly connected) with which organelle? You don’t have to remember the terms related to the substructures of the mitochondria (inner membrane, intermembrane space etc.) or chloroplasts (thylakoid, thylakoid space)You don’t need to remember what aerobic respiration and photosynthesis means for now.I will not quiz you on the subsection intercellular junctions, but I do still want you to read it. ................
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