Principles of Physics



Principles of PhysicsUnit 14 NotesVibrations and WavesAmplitudeRefers to the distance between midpoint and the top or trough of a wave (pg. 374).AntinodesThe position on a standing wave with the largest amplitudes ; occurs hapfway between nodes. (pg. 380)Blue ShiftAn increase in frequency is called the blue shift because the increase is toward the high frequency, higher frequency is moving toward the blue end of the electromagnetic spectrum. (pg. 383)Bow waveThe V-shaped wave pattern created by overlapping crests of waves caused by an object moving faster on a liquid surface than the wave it is producing (pg. 384). Constructive interferenceWhen the crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another their individual effects add together. The result is an increase in amplitude (pg. 379).CrestThe high point of a wave (pg. 374).Destructive interferenceWhen the crest of one wave moves over a lower part of another wave the result would be a decrease in amplitude for wave (pg. 379).Doppler effectThe apparent change in frequency due to the motion of the source; the greater the speed of the source, the greater the effect (pg. 383). FrequencyThe number of back and forth vibrations a wave makes in a given time (pg. 374).HertzUnit of frequency (pg. 374)In phase When crests of one wave overlap the crests of another and the troughs overlap as well (pg. 380).Interference patternWaves or vibrations can exist at the same time in the same space. The resulting pattern can have an increased, decreased, or neutralized pattern (pg. 379)Longitudinal waveparticles of the medium move back and forth in the same direction as the wave travels (pg. 378)NodeIn a standing wave, the portion of the wave that is remaining stationary (pg. 380). Out of phaseWhen crests of one wave or vibration overlap the trough of another to produce regions of zero amplitude (pg. 380)PeriodThe time required for a back and forth swing of a vibration or wave (pg. 372) Calculated: T = 2 QUOTE Red shift As the source of the vibration or wave moves away the frequency is decreased and this decrease in frequency indicates a shift on the electromagnetic spectrum toward the red end (pg. 383).Shock waveA wave that is produced by overlapping circles. This cone shaped wave is produced y an object moving at supersonic speeds through a fluid (pg.385)Simple harmonic motionThe back and forth motion of a wave or vibration (pg. 373)Sine curveA curve whose shape represents the crests and troughs of a wave, as traced out by a swinging pendulum that drops a trail of sand over a moving conveyer belt (pg. 373).Sonic boomThe sharp crack heard when the shock wave that sweeps behind a supersonic aircraft reaches the listener (pg. 385).Standing waveWave in which part of the wave remains stationary and the wave appears not to be traveling. It is the result of interference between an incident wave and a reflected wave (pg.381).Transverse waveA wave with vibration at right angles to the direction the wave is traveling (pg.378).TroughThe lowest point of a wave, or the disturbance is the greatest, in the opposite direction of the crest (pg.374).VibrationThe source of all waves is a vibrating source (pg374). An oscillation, or repeating back and forth motion, about an equilibrium position.WaveA wiggle in space and time (pg.372).WavelengthThe distance from the top of one crest to the top of the next (pg. 374) ................
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