What Is Language? Linguistics
[Pages:30]What Is Language? Linguistics
Introduction to Linguistics
Darrell Larsen Linguistics 101
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
Outline
What Is Language? Linguistics
1 What Is Language?
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
2 Linguistics
What Is Linguistics? What Do Linguists Examine? Competence vs. Performance Linguistics Miscellania
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
What Is Language? Linguistics
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
Common Definitions of Language
Definition
"a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or
conventional symbols"
(wordnetweb.princeton.edu)
Definition
"a system of arbitrary signals, such as voice sounds, gestures or
written symbols that encode or decode information. Human
spoken and written languages can be described as a system of
symbols...and the grammars (rules) by which the symbols are
manipulated"
()
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
What Is Language? Linguistics
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
Class Definition of Language
Definition 1 a conventional set of arbitrary signs (called the lexicon) 2 a grammar with rules manipulating these signs and constraints on their distribution
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
What Is Language? Linguistics
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
Core Components of Language
Grammar rules for putting sounds together rules for making words rules for making sentences rules for deriving meanings
Lexicon dictionary of arbitrary signs
phonology morphology
syntax semantics
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
What Is Language? Linguistics
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
Common Misconceptions
Misconception Writing is language.
Correction Writing is a product of language. Language exists without writing. Language, but not writing, is learned without explicit instruction.
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
What Is Language? Linguistics
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
Common Misconceptions
Misconception Language obeys prescriptive grammar.
Correction Language obeys one's mental grammar. Prescriptive grammars attempt to shape language. Prescriptive grammars involve largely arbirary rules.
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
What Is Language? Linguistics
Defining Language What Isn't Language? Design Features of Language Language Miscellania
Prescriptive Grammar
Claims one manner of speech is `correct', others are `incorrect'. In English, prescriptive rules are often based on Latin. So-called `proper' forms are not always natural.
Darrell Larsen
Introduction to Linguistics
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