Questions on Muscular System



Questions on Muscular System

I – Define

- motor unit

- all –or- none law

- muscle twitches

- fused or complete tetanus

- muscle fatigue

- oxygen dept

- isotonic contraction

- isometric contraction

- muscle tone

- aerobic exercise

- resistance exercise

II- Mention in short

-types of muscles and characters of each

- functions of tendons

- functions of muscles

- ways of producing graded muscle contraction

- methods of regenerating ATP during muscle activity, its energy source, need for oxygen, its products and duration of energy provision.

- causes of muscle fatigue

- types of muscle contractions

- the 5 golden rules of skeletal muscle activity

- the most common types of body movement and what does each mean

- special movements in the Foot and Hand

- criteria used for Naming skeletal muscles

- muscles of mastication

- muscles may be used for injection

- muscles of abdominal girdle

III- Complete

- the essential functions of muscles is --------

- the ----------------attaches skeletal muscles directly to bone

- nearly three-quarters of energy of contraction escapes as ----------

- skeletal muscles accounts for at least-----------of body mass

- the tiny contractile unit of muscle is called------------

- muscle proteins are--------------and---------------

- thin filaments are composed of protein called----------------

- the arrangement of the --------------produce the striation in skeletal muscles

- the junction between axonal terminal and sarcolemma is called----------

- the gap between nerve ending and sarcolemma is called------------------

- the axonal terminal contains vesicles filled with--------------------,in neuromuscular junction it is ----------------

- if enough ACh. is released, muscle membrane become permeable to ------------

- inward rush of sodium generates an electric current called an -------------

- ACh. is broken down by -----------------------

- Examples of aerobic exercise are -------------------------and ------------

- -----------exercise result in stronger, more flexible muscle with great resistance to fatigue

- ----------------exercise results in enlargement of muscle cell

- muscle attachment to the movable bone is called-----------------while attachment to less movable bone is called--------------------

- combination of flexion, extention, abduction and adduction is called----------------

- circumduction is commonly seen in -------------------joints

- the muscle responsible for a particular movement is called---------------while the muscle that opposes or reverse the movement is called-------------

- the muscle that raise the eyebrows is called---------------------while that closes the mouth is called-------------------

- when both -------------------muscles contract neck is flexed, but if one only ,the head is rotated toward the------------------

- muscles between the ribs are called ----------------------,the external are used for-----------------------while the internal are used for----------------------

- elbow flexion is caused by-------------------while extention is caused by--------------

- the group of muscles that extend the knee is called-------------

- toe dancer.s muscle is--------------------,it is inserted in the ----------------through ---------------tendon

- without exercise, muscles will------------------but with vigorous exercise, they -----

- flexion is opposite to-------------------------

- abduction is opposite to----------------------------

- movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis is called--------------------

- movement of a limb away from midline is called----------------

- continuous partial muscle contraction is called---------------

- the ability of muscle to receive a stimulus is called -------------while its ability yo shorten is called-------------------

- the large muscle that covers the upper part of the chest is called------------------

- the muscles forming the mass of muscles of the posterior thigh is called-------------

while those of anterior thigh is called---------------

- the very safe site for intramuscular injection is ------------------

- examples of muscles with more than one origen are------------------

IV- put True or False

- In isometric contraction, the muscle shortens

- Bending the knees is an example of isotonic contraction

- axonal terminal never touch muscle cell membrane

- tendons are mostly tough collagenic fibers

- muscle contraction is vital for maintaining normal body temperature

- without nerve stimulation, no muscle contraction occur

- once begun, the action potential is unstoppable

- one nerve impulse produce only one contraction

- muscle cell relaxes until stimulated by another round of ACh.

- all-or-none law applies to the whole muscle

- contraction become stronger and smoother due to successive (summed) contraction

- strength of contraction depends on the number of muscle fibers stimulated

- muscles store of ATP is very limited

- ATP is the only energy source of muscle activity

- oxygen dept must be paid back weather or not fatigue occurs

- aerobic exercise does not cause much increase in muscle size

- rectus means straight

- resistance exercise leads to increase in number of muscle fibers

- kicking of football is done by contraction of --------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Quadreseps a-proper site for injection

( )-Gluteus medius b-prime mover for elbow flexion

( )-Biceps brachii c-one muscle for mastication

( )-Sternocledomastoid d-flex the head

( )-Maseter e-extends the knee

f- toe –dancer muscle

Questions on the Nervous system

I-Define

- proprioceptors

- irritability

- conductivity

- polarized membrane

- cranial nerve

- spinal nerve

- acetylcholine

- vagus nerve

II- Mention in short

- the three overlapping functions of the nervous system

- the very important system in homeostasis

- structural classification of nervous system

- functional classification of nervous system

- classification of the motor nervous system

- the two principle types of nerve cells and function of each

- common structure of neuron

- the complex receptors

- the simple receptors

- structural classification of neurons

- the lobes of cerebral hemisphere

- importance of central sulcus as anatomical landmark

- parts of brain stem

- structures that control CNS from outside to inside

- types of meninges

- centers present in medulla oblongata

- the names of spinal nerve plexuses

- differences between somatic and autonomic nervous systems

- body structures that receive only sympathetic fibers

- organs supplied by ANS

III- Complete

- the master controlling and communicating system is----------------

- the second system important in body homeostasis

- the nerve fibers that convey impulses from sensory receptors to CNS is called ------------while that carry it from CNC to effector organs called--------------------

- the effector organs in our body are-----------------------and----------------

- nervous system under voluntary control is called--------------while that involuntary is called-------------------

- ANS is subdivided into -------------------------and----------------------

- supporting cells in CNS are called-----------

- the nerve cell that carry impulses is called------------

- the cell body of neuron contains the usual organelles except-----------------

- neuron processes that convey messages toward thje cell body are called--------------while that conduct it away from cell body are------------

- all axons branch at their terminal end to form ------------------,these contain vesicles that contain chemicals called-------------

- the axonal terminal is separated from the next neuron by a tiny gap called----------

- the whitish, fatty material that covers long nerve fibers is called----------------

- axons outside the CNS are myelinated by ------------------cells

- clusters of cell bodies in CNS is called------------ while that outside it called-----------

- neuron processes running in CNS are called--------------while that outside it called--- the CNS is composed of-------------and--------------

- white matter consists of --------------------while grey matter of-----------------and-------

- cell bodies of afferent and association neurons are always found in-------------

- the two major functions of neurons are------------------and--------------

- when the inside of neuron is more positive and the outside is less positive ,the case is called-------------------

- adequate stimulation of neuron opens the ------------ in its membrane

- reflexes that regulate involuntary muscles and glands are called----------while those stimulate skeletal muscles are called-------------

- the first appearance of nervous system is called----------------- ,its anterior end begins to expand at the ----------week

- the central canal of the neural tube enlarges in four regions of the brain called-----

- elevated ridges on brain surface are called------ while depressions are called-------

- the cerebral hemispheres are separated by deep fissure called-----------------

- the relay station for sensory impulses in the brain is called ------------------

- the--------------------hangs from the anterior floor of hypothalamus

- the ----------------------are knots of capillaries within each ventricle, it forms CSF

- the ---------------plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles

- the--------------controls balance and equilibrium

- CSF returns to the blood through -------------------------

- the most inferior part of the brain stem is called-----------------

- the number of spinal nerves is-----------------pairs

-the collection of spinal nerves at the inferior end of vertebral canal is called----------

- the best site for GSF tapping is below-------------------

- spinal nerve is formed by fusion of -------------------------------

- spinal nerve ,after being formed, divides into ----------------------

- the only cranial nerve that extends to thorax and abdomen is-----------

- most cranial nerves are ---------------,there are three pure sensory , they are ---------

- the external eye muscles are supplied by cranial nerves -----------------------------

- muscles of facial expression are supplied by-------------

- the ventral rami of some spinal nerves form network of nerves called----------

- the outermost layer of meninges is-------------------

- the spinal cord extends from----------------to------------------lumber vertebra

- the motor subdivision of the PNS that controls activities automatically is called---

- the autonomic nervous system is subdivided into ---------------------------

- the sympathetic division is also called-----------------while parasympathetic is called---

- fight –or- flight system is -----------------------while house keeping is-------------

- the first cranial nerve is---------------while the seventh is-------------

- the second cranial nerve is ------------------while the VIII is--------------

IV- Put True or False

- myelin increases the transmission rate of impulses

- cell bodies of afferent neurons are always found in ganglia outside CNS

- the plasma membrane in inactive neuron is polarized

- the nerve impulse is all-or-none response

- until repolarization occurs, a neuron cannot conduct another impulse

- transmission of an impulse is only electrical event

- some reflexes involve only spinal cord

- some reflexes involve the brain

- grey matter in the brain is deep

- the ANS is also called involuntary nervous system

- CSF is continuously moving

- the fourth ventricle of the brain is continuous with the central canal of spinal cord

- the blood-brain barrier is the least permeable capillaries in the body

- meningeal covering do not end at L2

- there is no possibility of damaging the cord below L3

- the central canal of spinal cord contains CSF

- grey matter of spinal cord surrounds the central canal

- cranial nerves primarily serves head and neck

- spinal nerve and both rami are mixed nerves

- the arms of ANS serve the same organ but has opposite effects

- the parasympathetic fibers are cholinergic

- sympathetic fibers are adrenergic

- the last area of the brain to mature is hypothalamus

- neurons die throughout life are not replaced

- brain growth ends in young adults

- maternal and environmental factors may impair embryonic brain development

IV-Match table A with table B

Table A( )-thalamus Table 1-control balance and equilibrium

( )-hypothalamus 2-plays a role in the awake/sleep cycles

( )-brain stem 3-crude recognition of sensation

( )-cerebellum 4-plays a role in temperature regulation

( )-postcentral gyrus 5-primary motor area

6-primary sensory area

TableA ( )-olfactory TableB1-extends to thorax and abdomen

( )-oculomotor 2-purely sensory

( )-facial 3-supplies muscles of facial expression

( )-vagus 4-branch of cervical plexus

( )-phrenic 5-supplies eye muscles

6-spinal nerve

TableA Table B

( )-Olfactory nerve a-activates facial muscles

( )-Vagus b-first cranial nerve

( )-Trigeminal c-nerve of hearing and equilibrium

( )-Vestibulococlear d-supplies thoracic and abdominal viscera

( )-Facial e-fifth cranial nerve

f-motor nerve for the tongue

Questions on Special senses

I-Define the following

- cataract

- glaucoma

- fundus examination

- conjunctiva

- cornea

- sclera

- choroids

- pupil

- fovea centralis

- photoreceptors

- color blindness

- lens

- aqueous humur

- vitreous humur

- optic disc

- blind spot

- deafness

II- Mention in short

- parts of lacrimal apparatus

- accessory structures of the eye

- sense receptors in the body

- nerves that supply external eye muscles

- tunics of the eyeball

- fluids in the eyeball

- visual pathway

- anatomy of the external ear

- anatomy of the middle ear

- anatomy of the inner ear

- nerves that carry taste sensation

- differences between rods and cones

- passage of light through the eye

- kinds of deafness

- presbyopia

- presbycusis

III- Complete the following

- Anteriorly , the eye is protected by----------------

- medially and laterally, eyelids meat at

- anteriorly, the choroids is modified to form -------------------and-------------

- the optic nerve leaves the eyeball at---------------

- the anterior segment of the eye contains a clear watery fluid called----------------------while the posterior segment is filled with---------------

- the eye is divided into two segments (chambers ) by-----------------

- the aqueous humor is reabsorbed into venous blood through-----------------which is located at the junction of----------------------and--------------------

- fundus of the eye is examined by----------------

- the outermost tunic of the eye is---------------

- the transparent window in the sclera is called-----------

- the only tissue that can be transplanted without rejection is-----------

- the tunic that prevent light from scattering is ------------

- muscles in the iris is arranged -------------and ---------------

- in close vision and bright light,---------------muscles of iris contract leading to --------------of the pupil, while in distant vision and dim light the -----------------muscles contract leading to --------------of the pupil

- cones are more in the -----------of the retina while cones are more in the--------

- the spot of sharpest vision is -----------------,it contains only--------------

- inability to see at night is called ------------,it is related to deficiency of --------

- increased intraocular pressure is called------------------

- opacity in the lens is called---------------

- intraocular pressure is measured by-----------------

- the interior of the eye is examined by----------------

- the posterior wall of the eye seen by ophthalmoscope is called-----------

- the ability of the eye to focus close objects is called---------------

- the --------------is involved in both equilibrium and hearing

- the earwax is secreted by------------------glands

- the -------------is related to hearing while ---------------is related to static equilibrium and----------is related to dynamic equilibrium

- the -----------------is the nerve concerned with hearing and equilibrium

- the receptors for taste and olfaction are classified as----------------------

- the first cranial nerve is called---------------while the second is------------

- the specific cells for taste are called------------

- inflammation of external ear is called---------------------while inflammation of middle ear is called----------------

IV- True or False

- the cornea is well supplied with nerve ending

- the cornea has no blood vessels

- optic disc is the blind spot

- optic disc contains rods only

- rods and cones are not evenly distributed in the retina

- rods allow us to see in dim light

- rods provide for our peripheral vision

- cones are densest in the center of the retina

- cones allow for color vision

- cones allow for vision in bright light

- color blindness is sex-linked disease

- the refractive power of the cornea and humors are constant

- the resting eye is set for distant vision

- the optic tract fibers synapse with the neurons of the thalamus

- the outer and middle ear are involved with hearing only

- the inner ear is involved in both equilibrium and hearing

- the newborn infant can hear after first cry

- all of special senses are functional at birth

- taste buds are found also on the soft palate

- taste buds are only found on the tongue

-

Questions on Endocrine system

I-Mention in short

*hormones of adrenal medulla and their functions

*hormones of adrenal cortex and function of each

*hormones of posterior pituitary and their

*hormones of pancreas and their effects

*three major groups of hormones produced by adrenal cortex

*hormones of pituitary gland and functions of each

*Hormones of the thyroid gland and their effect

*the two regulating systems of the body

*the two regulating mechanisms of hormone secretion

*disorders of growth hormone

*names of tropic hormones and function of each

*names of hormones secreted by anterior pituitary

*gonadotropic hormones and effect of each

*hormones of parathyroid gland and their effects

*disorders of adrenal cortex

*hormones of the ovary and functions of each

*hormones of the testis and functions of each

*some functions of prostaglandins

II-DEFINE ONLY

- target organ

- goiter

- hormone

- mixed endocrine gland

- tropic hormone

- acromegaly

- giantism

- pituitary dwarfism

- gretinism

- myxedema

- Addisons disease

- Cusgings disease

III-Put (T ) opposite true and (F) opposite false statements:

-Most of the endocrine glands decrease their secretions with age,

-Each hormone has a specific stimulus for secretion.

-calcitonin is hyocalcemic while PTH is hypercalcemic

-In the case of severe hemorrhage, ADH is released in large amounts

-ADH causes vasoconstriction, especially in arterioles,

-ADH help to raise or at least maintain blood pressure.

-Oxytocin stimulates contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy

-oxytocin stimulates release of milk from the mammary glands.

-The secretion of oxytocin is one of the few positive feedback mechanisms within the body,

-anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.

-Growth hormone increases the transport of amino acids into cells, and increases the rate of protein synthesis.

-Any type of dehydration stimulates the secretion of ADH to conserve body water

-Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands when there is a need for them,

- The cells of endocrine glands respond to changes in the blood or perhaps to other hormones in the blood.

-When a hormone brings about its effects, the stimulus is reversed, and secretion of the hormone decreases until the stimulus reoccurs.

- Insulin is secreted by the pancreas when the blood glucose level is high

-When blood calcium levels drop below certain level; the parathyroid releases PTH

- Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an antagonist to calcitonin

-anterior pituitary is controlled by thalamus

-glucagon is hypoglycemic hormone

-posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis),is an extension of the nerve tissue of the hypothalamus

-The two hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are actually produced by the hypothalamus.

III-fill the following spaces with proper words:

- -----------------is exocrine and endocrine gland - -----------------are bone eating cells.

- -------------- produces secondary male sex characters

- ------------------ produces secondary female sex characters

-The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) hangs by a short stalk (infundibulum) from the - ---------------- and is enclosed by the ------------------- of the sphenoid bone.

- -----------------; is the stimulus for secretion of insulin.

-the other name for-------------------- is vasopressin.

-The secretion of most hormones is regulated by-------------------------------

- -------------------------hormone is necessary for normal physical, mental, and sexual development.

-the stimulus for secretion of-------------------------- isTSH from the anterior pituitary.

- ---------------------secreted by the pineal gland during darkness; brings on sleep.

- ---------------------hormones synthesized by cells from the phospholipids of their cell membranes; exert their effects locally

-The target organs of aldosterone are the -----------------------

-Secretion of insulin is stimulated by ----------------------------

- ----------------------------are both secreted in stress situations and help prepare the body for “fight or flight.

-PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bones to the blood.

- -----------------------------increases blood calcium levels.

-PTH increases the reabsorption of calcium and the excretion of phosphate

-Secretion of PTH is stimulated by hypocalcemia,

- PTH and ---------------------have antagonistic effects

- ----------------- is essential for the process of blood clotting and for normal activity of neurons and muscle cells.

- -------------------- a sustained hypersecretion of PTH, remove calcium from bones and weaken them.

- -------------------, is responsible for initiation and maintainence of milk production by the mammary glands.

- ----------------------------increases the reabsorption of water by kidney tubules

- -------------------------------- decreases the amount of urine formed.

- ----------------------- helps maintain normal blood pressure

The stimulus for secretion of ------------------ is decreased water content of the body

-the two major portions of pituitary gland are-----------------------&--------------------------

- ---------------------is hypoglycemic hormone while-----------is hyperglycemic and both are produced by----------------------

- Gonadotropic hormones are released from---------------------------------------and their names are-----------------------and--------------------------

- iodine is needed for------------hormone generation

- -------------------causes uterine contraction

- -------------------hormone causes water reabsorption in kidneys

- hormones of the anterior pituitary are secreted in response to-----------------secreted by hypothalamus

The two hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are actually produced by the --------------

- The hormone-producing cells of the pancreas are called --------------------------

IV-Match table A With table B

Table A Table B

( )-Calcitonin a-every cell is a target

( )-Parathormone b-hypercalcemic hormone

( )-Glucocorticoids c-hyperglycemic hormone

( )-Thyroxin d-deposits calcium in bones

( )-Growth hormone e-related to pituitary dwarfism

f-tropic hormone

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Aldosterone a-male sex hormone

( )-Epinephrine b-promotes sodium reabsorption

( )-Androgens c-hypoglycemic hormone

( )-Insulin d-stimulates milk production

( )-Prolactin e-female sex hormone

f-secreted by adrenal medulla

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TableA( )- prostaglandin TableB 1-hyperglycemic hormoe

( )-insulin 2-salt and water retention

( )-aldosterone 3-locally acting hormone

( )-glucagon 4- hypercalcemic hormone

( )-parathormone 5- major metabolic hormone

6-hypoglycemic hormone

-

Examples of previous exams.in Anatomy and Physiology A

I-Mention Only

*hormones produced by the gonads

*three major groups of hormones produced by adrenal cortex

*hormones of pituitary gland

*tunics of the eye

*cranial nerves that move the eye

* ways of protection of CNS

*types of neurons(functionally)

*4 posterior body landmarks

*4bones in skull

*bones of the lower limb

*bones of the upper limb

*names of vertebrae

*muscles used for injection

*chewing muscles

*arches of the foot

*muscles causing movement at knee joint

*three paranasal sinuses

*three membranes covering theCN

*two purely sensory cranial nerves

*two hormones of the posterior pituitary

*3 bone markings on temporal bone

*2 dorsal body cavities

*3 paranasal sinuses

*2 types of cartilage

*Parts of the lacrimal apparatus

*Hormones of the thyroid gland

*Types of the ribs

*Bones of the hand

*spinal nerves plexuses

*Muscles of anterior abdominal wall are *parts of the inner ear

II-DEFINE ONLY

a-homeostasis b-sagittal section

c-mitosis d-hyperopia

e-goiter f-cholenergic fibres

g-phagocytosis h-hormone

i-anatomical position j-haversian canal

k-arrector pilli l-diffusion

m-electrolytes n-carpal bones

o-epiphysial line p-mixed edocrine gland

q-tropic hormone

III-Put (T ) opposite true and (F) opposite false statements:

( )calcitonin is hycalcimic while PTH is hypercalcemic

( )the newborn infant can hear er the first cry

( )sagittal section divide the body into right and left parts

( )phagocytosis is an active method of transport.

( )epidermis isstratified squamus keratinized epithelium.

( )osteoclasts are bone eating cells.

( )skull bones develoe in cartilage.

( )the epigasrtic region lies below the umblical one.

( )UL ratio is 1:1 at 15 years old.

( )the first 7 ribs are true ribs.

( )all sweat glands are exocrine glands.

( )sural area is posterior body landmark.

( )-The heart is posterior to the sternum

( )-The knee is distal to the thigh

( )-The right and left lumbar regions lie lateral to the umbilical region

( )-The nucleus contains one or more nucleoli

( )-Lysosomes are membrane bags containing powerful digesting enzymes

( )-Epithelial tissues are avascular

( )-Transitional epithelium is present in respiratory tract

( )-Fibrocartilage is present between vertebrae

( )-Foramen magnum allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain

( )-Circumduction is commonly seen in hinge joints

( )-The CNS consists of the brain and cranial nerves

( )-Transmission of an impulse is electro chemical event

( )-The primary motor area is posterior to the central sulcus

( )-The cornea has no blood vessels

( )-Optic disc has only cones

( )-At the optic chiasma ;the fibres from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side

( )-The dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the semicircular canals

( )-In cretinism the body proportions remain childlike

( )-When blood calcium levels drop below certain level;the parathyroid releases PTH

( )osteoclasts are bone eating cells.

( )skull bones develope in cartilage.

( )the epigasrtic region lies inferior to the umblical region.

( )UL ratio is 1:1 at 15 years old.

( )the first 7 ribs are true ribs.

( )all sweat glands are exocrine glands

( )axons conduct impulses away from the cell body

( )transmittion of an impulse is electrical only

( )receptors in the ear are mechanoreceptors

( )testosterone produces secondry male sex characters

( )anterior pituitary is controlled by thalamus

( )glucagon is hypoglycemic hormone

( ) hyperopia is nearsightedness

( )the visual area is located in occipital lobe

( )pancreas is exocrine and endocrine gland

( )the sympathetic and parasympathetic cause antagonestic effects

III-fill the followi.ng spaces with proper words:

*deafness due to nervous cause is caaed-------------

*---------------------is hypoglycemic hormone while-----------is hyperglycemic and both are produced by----------------------

*the posterior wall of the eye seen by ophthalmoscope is called-------------

*the posterior chamber of the eye is filled by while the anterior is filled by---------

*in photopupillary reflex pupil will--------------------when exposed to direct light

*the number of cranial nerves is --------while the number of spinal nerves is-------

*the only cranial nerve that reach chest and abdomen is------------

*------------------is the powerhouse of the cell

*Gonadotropic hormones are released from---------------------------------------and their names are-----------------------and--------------------------

*-------------------prepare the body to cope( )with alarm stage while------------------------acts during the resistance stage of the stress reponse

*The stimuli that activate the endocrine organs are-----------------------------;------------------------and-------------------------------------------- *blood is atype of -------------------tissue

*the --------------------------nervous system is the house keeping system *in directional terms;-------------------------means toword the head while----------------- means toword the midline

*--------------------nerves carry impulses to and from the brain

*The specific cell that responds to chemicals dissolved in saliva is called-----------

*-----------------means old vision

*Increased intraocular pressure is called-------------------while opaque lens is called---------------

*The -----------------------nervous system is the fight-flight system

*Each axonal terminal is separated from the next neuron by-----------------------;this gap is crossed by a chemical substance called-----------------------------

*Muscles use three pathways for ATP regeneration ;they are---------------------------------------;------------------------------------and-----------------------------------

*Bones of the pelvis are---------------------------;-------------------and-----------------

*-------------------------is the only movable joint in the skull.

*---------------------carry impulses to and from the brain. *serous membranes are-------------------------------------epithelium.

*in directional terms;------------------------means towords the head.

*hypertonic solution leads to-----------------------of cells.

* the fibrous connective tissue covering diaphysis is called--------------------------

*supporting cells of the CNS are called-------------------------

*the middle ear is connected to the throat by------------------

*increased intraocular pressure is called--------------------------

*--------------------------is the large foramen in occipital bone

*os coxa has a deep socket called-------------------------

*iodine is needed for------------hormone generation

*--------------------causes uterine contraction

*--------------------hormone causes water reabsorption in kidneys

*the opposite of each of the following is dorsiflexion ----------------

invertion-----------------------.abduction---------------------.flxion--------------------.polarisation------------------.

*reflexes that regulate theactivity of smooth muscles;heart and glands are called----------- while those stimulate the skletal muscles are called--------------------

* ----------------- is located in precentral gyrus while -------------------in postcentral one

IV-Match table A With table B

Table A ( )-clavicle Table B 1- formed of 3 fused bones

( )-femur 2-main bone of the leg

( )-tibia 3-posterior wall of the pelvis

( )-sacrum 4-the longest bone in our body ( )-pelvic bone 5-bone of pectoral girdle

6- bone of the arm

7-bone in the forearm

Table A Table B

( ) -`Proprioceptors a-receptors in the tongue

( )-Chemoreceptors b-receptors in the ears

( )-Mechanoreceptors c-may be rods or cones

( )-Pain receptors d-naked nerve endings

( )-Photoreceptors e-in muscles and tendons

f-touch receptors

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Calcitonin a-every cell is a target

( )-Parathormone b-hypercalcemic hormone

( )-Glucocorticoids c-hyperglycemic hormone

( )-Thyroxin d-deposits calcium in bones

( )-Growth hormone e-related to pituitary dwarfism

f-tropic hormone

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Aldosterone a-male sex hormone

( )-Epinephrine b-promotes sodium reabsorption

( )-Androgens c-hypoglycemic hormone

( )-Insulin d-stimulates milk production

( )-Prolactin e-female sex hormone

f-secreted by adrenal medulla

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TableA Table B

( )-Olfactory nerve a-activates facial muscles

( )-Vagus b-first cranial nerve

( )-Trigeminal c-nerve of hearing and equilibrium

( )-Vestibulococlear d-supplies thoracic and abdominal viscera

( )-Facial e-fifth cranial nerve

f-motor nerve for the tongue

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Quadreseps a-proper site for injection

( )-Gluteus maximus b-prime mover for elbow flexion

( )-Biceps brachii c-one muscle for mastication

( )-Sternocledomastoid d-flex the head

( )-Maseter e-extends the knee

f-toe-dancers muscle

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Epiphyseal plate a-shaft of long bone

( ) –Diaphysis b-in the temporal bone

( )-Styloid prosess c-area of hyaline cartilage

( )-Atlas d-holds pituitary gland

( )-Sella tursica e-first cervical vertibra

f-bone of face

Table A ( )-diffusion Table B 1-ATP is needed

( )-filteration 2-important for sodium transport

( )-facilitated diffusion 3- concentration gradient

( )-active trasport 4-pressure gradient

( )-solute pumping 5-passive transport needs protein 6-cell eating

7-isotonic solution

TableA ( )-clavicle Table B1-formed of three fused bones

( )-femur 2-main bone of the leg

( )-tibia 3-posterior wall of the pelvis

( )-sacrum 4-the longest bone in our body ( )-humerus 5-bone of pectoral girdle

6- bone of the arm

7-bone in the forearm

TableA( )- prostaglandin TableB 1-hyperglycemic hormone

( )-insulin 2-salt and water retention

( )-aldosterone 3-locally acting hormone

( )-glucagon 4- hypercalcemic hormone

( )-parathormone 5- major metabolic hormone

6-hypoglycemic hormone

Table A( )-thalamus Table 1-control balance and equilibrium

( )-hypothalamus 2-plays a role in the awake/sleep cycles

( )-brain stem 3-crude recognition of sensation

( )-cerebellum 4-plays a role in temperature regulation

( )-postcentral gyrus 5-primary motor area

6-primary sensory area

TableA ( )-olfactory TableB1-extends to thorax and abdomen

( )-oculomotor 2-purely sensory

( )-facial 3-supplies muscles of facial expression

( )-vagus 4-branch of cervical plexus

( )-phrenic 5-supplies eye muscles

6-spinal nerve

|Islamic University |[pic] | Anatomy&phys.(A) |

|Nursing College | |Final exam. |

Name:----------------------------- No: -------------- . 5 .2008 Time: 2 hours

I-Mention Only the Names of: (10 points)

a-three paranasal sinuses

1- 2- 3-

b-three membranes covering theCNS

1- 2- 3-

c-two purely sensory cranial nerves

1- 2-

d-two hormones of the posterior pituitary

1- 2-

II-fill the following spaces with proper words: (10points) 1--------------------------is the powerhouse of the cell.

2-------------------------is the only movable joint in the skull.

3- ---------------------carry impulses to and from the brain. 4-serous membranes are-------------------------------------epithelium.

5-in directional terms;------------------------means towords the head.

6-hypertonic solution leads to-----------------------of cells.

7- the fibrous connective tissue covering diaphysis is called--------------------------

8-supporting cells of the CNS are called-------------------------

9-the middle ear is connected to the throat by------------------

10-increased intraocular pressure is called--------------------------

III-Put(T)opposite true and (F) opposite false statements ( 15points)

( )osteoclasts are bone eating cells.

( )skull bones develope in cartilage.

( )the epigasrtic region lies inferior to the umblical region.

( )UL ratio is 1:1 at 15 years old.

( )the first 7 ribs are true ribs.

( )all sweat glands are exocrine glands

( )axons conduct impulses away from the cell body

( )transmittion of an impulse is electrical only

( )receptors in the ear are mechanoreceptors

( )testosterone produces secondry male sex characters

( )anterior pituitary is controlled by thalamus

( )glucagon is hypoglycemic hormone

( ) hyperopia is nearsightedness

( )the visual area is located in occipital lobe

( )pancreas is exocrine and endocrine gland

IV-Match table A With table B (25 points)

TableA ( )-clavicle Table B1-formed of three fused bones

( )-femur 2-main bone of the leg

( )-tibia 3-posterior wall of the pelvis

( )-sacrum 4-the longest bone in our body ( )-humerus 5-bone of pectoral girdle 6- bone of the arm

7-bone in the forearm

Table A ( )-diffusion Table B 1-ATP is needed ( )filteration 2-important for sodium transport

( )-facilitated diffusion 3- concentration gradient

( )-active trasport 4-pressure gradient

( )-solute pumping 5-passive transport needs protein 6-cell eating

TableA( )- prostaglandin TableB 1-hyperglycemic hormone

( )-insulin 2-salt and water retention

( )-aldosterone 3-locally acting hormone

( )-glucagon 4- hypercalcemic hormone

( )-parathormone 5- major metabolic hormone

6-hypoglycemic hormone

Table A( )-thalamus Table 1-control balance and equilibrium

( )-hypothalamus 2-plays a role in the awake/sleep cycles

( )-brain stem 3-crude recognition of sensation

( )-cerebellum 4-plays a role in temperature regulation

( )-postcentral gyrus 5-primary motor area

6-primary sensory area

TableA ( )-olfactory TableB1-extends to thorax and abdomen

( )-oculomotor 2-purely sensory

( )-facial 3-supplies muscles of facial expression

( )-vagus 4-branch of cervical plexus

( )-phrenic 5-supplies eye muscles

6-spinal nerve

V-Multiple choice : (30 points)

( )-What are groups of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

a- nerves b- tracts c- ganglia d- central area e- nuclei

( )- What detects the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles, their tendons, and joints?

a-pain receptors b-pressure receptors c-heat receptors d-cutaneous receptors e-proprioceptors

( )-The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose fibers enter the cord by the dorsal root are found in the:

a-ventral root ganglion b-autonomic ganglia. c-dorsal root ganglion d- basal nuclei.

( )-The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:

a-nephron. b- dendron. c-nerve cell body d-neuron. e-axon.

( )- Between successive Schwann cells, there are gaps called

a-axons. b- nerve cell bodies. c- axon hillock. d- nodes of Ranvier. ( )-The cerebral cortex is characterized by numerous elevated ridges called:

a-the cerebral lobes. b- gyri. c-sulci. d- neural tubes. e-fissures

( )-The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the:

a-choroid. b-ciliary body c- cornea. d-iris e-retina [pic]

( )-The outer fibrous coating of the eyeball is the:

a-iris. b- sclera. c- retina. d- choroid. e- ciliary body. ( )-The area of the retina containing only cone cells is the:

a- uvea b. optic disc c. fovea centralis d. blind spot e. both b and d

( ) -The tip of the tongue is very sensitive to which taste(s)? a. bitter b. salty c. sour d. sweet e. both b and d

( )-Androgens are produced by the

a-ovaries b- islets of Langerhans c- testes d- hypothalamus

( )-Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the

a-Adrenal medulla & pancreas b- Parathyroid and Thymus

c-Posterior and anterior pituitary d- Parathyroid and Thyroid

( )-Hypothyroidism in infancy results in

a-Cretinism b- Addison disease c- Cushing's syndrome d- Goiter

( )-[pic]A "fight or flight" situation does not stimulate the secreation of

a- noradrenaline b-epinephrine c- adrenaline d-androgen

( )-The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?

a-pancreas b-parathyroid c-adrenal d- gonad

( )-Most of the endocrine system is regulated by

a-positive feedback mechanisms b- negative-feedback Mechanisms

c-hormone-receptor complexes d-hormone-gene complexes

( )-Estrogen and progesterone are produced by

a-uterus b- ovaries c- testes d- adrenal glands

( )-Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in

a-kidney failure b- acromegaly c-tetany d-giantism

( )-Another name for adrenaline is

a-FSH b-epinephrine c-Androgen d- norepinephrine

( )- The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body is:

a.anterior. b. inferior. c. distal. d. lateral. e. medial.

( )- Which of the following is NOT a posterior body landmark?

a.Popliteal. b. Sternal. c. Scapular. d. Occipital e. Vertebral.

( )-Most connective tissues are well vascularized except

a.bone b.tendons c. ligaments d. areolar tissue e. b and c

( )- The uptake of liquids that contain dissolved proteins or fats into a cell is called:

a.osmosis. b. pinocytosis c. passive transport. d.phagocytosis e-diffusion

( )-One of the following is not a serous membrane:

a-Pericardium b-Pleura c-Peritoneum d-Perineum

( )-What kind of membranes is composed of connective tissue?

a-mucous b-parietal c-synovial d-serous e-cutaneous

( )-Sebaceous glands secrete:

a-oil. b- melanin. c-cerumen. d-sudoriferous. e- wax.

( )- Which of the following is not a cranial bone?

a- maxilla b-temporal c- occipital d- frontal e-parietal

( )- Which of the following is a highly movable joint?

[pic] a-amphiarthrosis b- synarthrosis c-diarthrosis d- syndesmosis

( )- Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the axial skeleton?

a-rib b-frontal bone c- clavicle d- vertebra e-sacrum

( ) The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by

a- calcitonin b- aldosterone c- thyroxine d- parathyroid e-insulin

|Islamic University |[pic] |Final Exam. |

|Nursing College | |ِAnatomy&phys.(A) |

Name:----------------------------- No: -------------- .2008 Time: 2 hours

I-Mention Only : (15 points)

a-3 bone markings on temporal bone

1- 2- 3-

b-2 dorsal body cavities

1- 2-

c-3 paranasal sinuses

1- 2- 3-

d-3 membranes covering theCNS

1- 2- 3-

e-2 purely sensory cranial nerves

1- 2-

f-2hormones of the posterior pituitary

1- 2-

II-Put(T)opposite true and (

( )sagittal section divide the body into right and left parts

( )phagocytosis is an active method of transport.

( )epidermis isstratified squamus keratinized epithelium.

( )osteoclasts are bone eating cells.

( )skull bones develoe in cartilage.

( )the epigasrtic region lies below the umblical one.

( )UL ratio is 1:1 at 15 years old.

( )the first 7 ribs are true ribs.

( )all sweat glands are exocrine glands.

( )sural area is posterior body landmark.

( )the nervous system alone can maintain homeostas

( )axons conduct impulses away from the cell body

( )transmittion of an impulse is only electrical

( )receptors in the ear are mechanoreceotors

( )testosterone produces secondry male sex characters

( )anterior pituitary is controlled bythalamus

( )glucagon is hypoglycemic hormone

( ) hyperopia hs nearsightedness

( )the visual area is located inoccipital lobe

( )pancreas is exocrine and endocrine gland

III-fill the following spaces with proper words: (15points) 1--------------------------is the powerhouse of the cell.

2-------------------------is the only movable joint in the skull.

3----------------------------is the large foramen the skull base.

4-------------------------- is the name of the second vertebra.

5-------------------------- has adeep socket called acetabulum.

6-the fibrous connective tissue covering diaphysis is called-------------------------- 7-serous membranes are-------------------------------------epithelium.

8-in directional terms;------------------------means towords the head.

9-hypertonic solution leads to-----------------------of cells.

10-blood is a type of --------------------tissue.

11----------------------carry impulses to and from the brain.

12-supporting cells of the CNS are called-------------------------

13-the middle ear is connected to the throat by------------------

14-rods and cones are called----------------------------

15-increased intraocular pressure is called--------------------------

IV-Match table A With table B (25 points)

Table B 1- formed of 3 fused bones

TableA ( )- clavicle

( )-femur 2-main bone of the leg

( )-tibia 3-posterior wall of the pelvis

( )-sacrum 4-the longest bone in our body ( )-pelvic bone 5-bone of pectoral girdle

6- bone of the arm

7-bone in the forearm

Table A ( )-diffusion Table B 1-ATP is needed ( )-filteration 2-important for sodium transport

( )-facilitated diffusion 3- concentration gradient

( )-active trasport 4-pressure gradient

( )-solute pumping 5-passive transport needs protein 6-cell eating

TableA( ) prostaglandin TableB 1-hyperglycemic

( )insulin 2-salt and water retention

( )aldosterone 3-locally acting hormone

( )thyroxine 4- hypercalcemic

( )parathormone 5- major metabolic hormone

6-hypoglycemic

Table A( )thalamus TableB 1-control balance and equilibrium

( )hypothalamus 2-plays a role in the awake/sleep cycles

( )brain stem 3-crude recognition of sensation

( )cerebellum 4-plays a role in temperature regulation

( )postcentral gyrus 5-primary motor area

6-primary sensory area

TableA ( )olfactory TableB 1-extends to thorax and ab

( )oculomotor 2-purely sensory

( )facial 3-supplies muscles of expression

( )vagus 4-branch of cervical plexus

( )phrenic 5-supplies eye muscles

6-spinal nerve

V-Multiple choice (30 points)

( )What are groups of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

a- nerves b- tracts c- ganglia d- central area e- nuclei

( ) What detects the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles, their tendons, and joints?

a-pain receptors b-pressure receptors c-heat receptors d-cutaneous receptors e-proprioceptors

( )The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose fibers enter the cord by the dorsal root are found in the: basal nuclei.

a-ventral root ganglion b-autonomic ganglia. c-dorsal root ganglion d-ventral root.

( )The basic unit of the nervous system is the:

a-nephron. b- dendron. c-nerve cell body d-neuron. e-axon.

( ) Between successive Schwann cells, there are gaps called

a-axons. b- nerve cell bodies. c- axon hillock. d- nodes of Ranvier.

( )The cerebral cortex is characterized by numerous elevated ridges called:

a-the cerebral lobes. b- gyri. c-sulci. d- neural tubes. e-fissures

( )The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the:

a-choroid. b-ciliary body c- cornea. d-iris e-retina[pic]

( )The outer fibrous coating of the eyeball is the:

a-iris. b- sclera. c- retina. d- choroid. e- ciliary body.

( )The area of the retina containing only cone cells is the:

a- uvea b. optic disc c. fovea centralis d. blind spot e. both b and d

( ) The tip of the tongue is very sensitive to which taste(s)?

a. bitter b. salty c. sour d. sweet e. both b and d

( )Androgens are produced by the

a-Ovaries b- islets of Langerhans c- testes d- hypothalamus

( )Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the

a-adrenal medulla & pancreas b- Parathyroid and Thymus

c-posterior and anterior pituitary d- Parathyroid and Thyroid

( )Hypothyroidism in infancy results in

a-Cretinism b- Addison disease c- Cushing's syndrome d- goiter

( )[pic]A "fight or flight" situation does not stimulate the secreation of

a- noradrenaline b-epinephrine c- adrenaline d-androgen

( )The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?

a-Pancreas b-parathyroid c-adrenal d- gonad

( )Most of the endocrine system is regulated by

a-positive feedback mechanisms b- negative-feedback Mechanisms

c-hormone-receptor complexes d-hormone-gene complexes

( )Estrogens and progesterone are produced by

a-Neurohormones b- ovaries c- testes d- adrenal glands

( )Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in

a-kidney failure b- acromegaly c-tetany d-giantism

( )Another name for adrenaline

a-FSH b-epinephrine c-Androgen d- norepinephrine

( )- The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body:

a.anterior. b. inferior. c. distal. d. lateral. e. medial.

( )- Which of the following is NOT a posterior body landmark?

a.Popliteal. b. Sternal. c. Scapular. d. Occipital e. Vertebral.

( )-Most connective tissues are well vascularized except

a.bone b.tendons c. ligaments d. areolar tissue e. b and c

( )- The uptake of liquids that contain dissolved proteins or fats into a cell occurs because of:

a.osmosis. b. pinocytosis c. passive transport.

d.phagocytosis e-Diffusion

( )One of the following is not a serous membrane:

a-Pericardium b-Pleura c-Peritoneum d-Perineum

( )What kind of membranes is composed of connective tissue?

a-Mucous b-parietal c-synovial d-serous e-cutaneous

( )Sebaceous glands secrete:

a-oil. b- melanin. c-cerumen. d-sudoriferous. e- wax.

( )- Which of the following is not a cranial bone?

a- maxilla b-temporal c- occipital d- fronta

( ) Which of the following is a highly movable joint?

[pic] a-amphiarthrosis b- synarthrosis c-diarthrosis d- syndesmosis

( ) Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the axial skeleton?

[pic] a-rib b-frontal bone c- clavicle d- vertebra e-sacrum

( ) The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by

[pic]

a- calcitonin b- aldosterone c- thyroxine d- parathyroid hormonea -

|Islamic University |[pic] | Anatomy&phys.(A) |

|Nursing College | |Final exam. |

Name:----------------------------- No: -------------- . 5 .2008 Time: 2 hours

I-Mention Only the Names of: (10 points)

a-three paranasal sinuses

1- 2- 3-

b-three membranes covering theCNS

1- 2- 3-

c-two purely sensory cranial nerves

1- 2-

d-two hormones of the posterior pituitary

1- 2-

II-fill the following spaces with proper words: (10points) 1--------------------------is the powerhouse of the cell.

2-------------------------is the only movable joint in the skull.

3- ---------------------carry impulses to and from the brain. 4-serous membranes are-------------------------------------epithelium.

5-in directional terms;------------------------means towords the head.

6-hypertonic solution leads to-----------------------of cells.

7- the fibrous connective tissue covering diaphysis is called--------------------------

8-supporting cells of the CNS are called-------------------------

9-the middle ear is connected to the throat by------------------

10-increased intraocular pressure is called--------------------------

III-Put(T)opposite true and (F) opposite false statements ( 15points)

( )osteoclasts are bone eating cells.

( )skull bones develope in cartilage.

( )the epigasrtic region lies inferior to the umblical region.

( )UL ratio is 1:1 at 15 years old.

( )the first 7 ribs are true ribs.

( )all sweat glands are exocrine glands

( )axons conduct impulses away from the cell body

( )transmittion of an impulse is electrical only

( )receptors in the ear are mechanoreceptors

( )testosterone produces secondry male sex characters

( )anterior pituitary is controlled by thalamus

( )glucagon is hypoglycemic hormone

( ) hyperopia is nearsightedness

( )the visual area is located in occipital lobe

( )pancreas is exocrine and endocrine gland

IV-Match table A With table B (25 points)

TableA ( )-clavicle Table B1-formed of three fused bones

( )-femur 2-main bone of the leg

( )-tibia 3-posterior wall of the pelvis

( )-sacrum 4-the longest bone in our body ( )-humerus 5-bone of pectoral girdle

6- bone of the arm

7-bone in the forearm

Table A ( )-diffusion Table B 1-ATP is needed ( )-filteration 2-important for sodium transport

( )-facilitated diffusion 3- concentration gradient

( )-active trasport 4-pressure gradient

( )-solute pumping 5-passive transport needs protein 6-cell eating

TableA( )- prostaglandin TableB 1-hyperglycemic hormone

( )-insulin 2-salt and water retention

( )-aldosterone 3-locally acting hormone

( )-glucagon 4- hypercalcemic hormone

( )-parathormone 5- major metabolic hormone

6-hypoglycemic hormone

Table A( )-thalamus Table 1-control balance and equilibrium

( )-hypothalamus 2-plays a role in the awake/sleep cycles

( )-brain stem 3-crude recognition of sensation

( )-cerebellum 4-plays a role in temperature regulation

( )-postcentral gyrus 5-primary motor area

6-primary sensory area

TableA ( )-olfactory TableB1-extends to thorax and abdomen

( )-oculomotor 2-purely sensory

( )-facial 3-supplies muscles of facial expression

( )-vagus 4-branch of cervical plexus

( )-phrenic 5-supplies eye muscles

6-spinal nerve

V-Multiple choice : (30 points)

( )-What are groups of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?

a- nerves b- tracts c- ganglia d- central area e- nuclei

( )- What detects the amount of stretch or tension in skeletal muscles, their tendons, and joints?

a-pain receptors b-pressure receptors c-heat receptors d-cutaneous receptors e-proprioceptors

( )-The cell bodies of sensory neurons whose fibers enter the cord by the dorsal root are found in the:

a-ventral root ganglion b-autonomic ganglia. c-dorsal root ganglion d- basal nuclei.

( )-The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the:

a-nephron. b- dendron. c-nerve cell body d-neuron. e-axon.

( )- Between successive Schwann cells, there are gaps called

a-axons. b- nerve cell bodies. c- axon hillock. d- nodes of Ranvier. ( )-The cerebral cortex is characterized by numerous elevated ridges called:

a-the cerebral lobes. b- gyri. c-sulci. d- neural tubes. e-fissures

( )-The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the:

a-choroid. b-ciliary body c- cornea. d-iris e-retina [pic]

( )-The outer fibrous coating of the eyeball is the:

a-iris. b- sclera. c- retina. d- choroid. e- ciliary body. ( )-The area of the retina containing only cone cells is the:

a- uvea b. optic disc c. fovea centralis d. blind spot e. both b and d

( ) -The tip of the tongue is very sensitive to which taste(s)? a. bitter b. salty c. sour d. sweet e. both b and d

( )-Androgens are produced by the

a-ovaries b- islets of Langerhans c- testes d- hypothalamus

( )-Calcium level in the blood is regulated by the

a-Adrenal medulla & pancreas b- Parathyroid and Thymus

c-Posterior and anterior pituitary d- Parathyroid and Thyroid

( )-Hypothyroidism in infancy results in

a-Cretinism b- Addison disease c- Cushing's syndrome d- Goiter

( )-[pic]A "fight or flight" situation does not stimulate the secreation of

a- noradrenaline b-epinephrine c- adrenaline d-androgen

( )-The secretions from which of these glands differs between males and females?

a-pancreas b-parathyroid c-adrenal d- gonad

( )-Most of the endocrine system is regulated by

a-positive feedback mechanisms b- negative-feedback Mechanisms

c-hormone-receptor complexes d-hormone-gene complexes

( )-Estrogen and progesterone are produced by

a-uterus b- ovaries c- testes d- adrenal glands

( )-Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone after body growth is completed results in

a-kidney failure b- acromegaly c-tetany d-giantism

( )-Another name for adrenaline is

a-FSH b-epinephrine c-Androgen d- norepinephrine

( )- The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body is:

a.anterior. b. inferior. c. distal. d. lateral. e. medial.

( )- Which of the following is NOT a posterior body landmark?

a.Popliteal. b. Sternal. c. Scapular. d. Occipital e. Vertebral.

( )-Most connective tissues are well vascularized except

a.bone b.tendons c. ligaments d. areolar tissue e. b and c

( )- The uptake of liquids that contain dissolved proteins or fats into a cell is called:

a.osmosis. b. pinocytosis c. passive transport. d.phagocytosis e-diffusion

( )-One of the following is not a serous membrane:

a-Pericardium b-Pleura c-Peritoneum d-Perineum

( )-What kind of membranes is composed of connective tissue?

a-mucous b-parietal c-synovial d-serous e-cutaneous

( )-Sebaceous glands secrete:

a-oil. b- melanin. c-cerumen. d-sudoriferous. e- wax.

( )- Which of the following is not a cranial bone?

a- maxilla b-temporal c- occipital d- frontal e-parietal

( )- Which of the following is a highly movable joint?

[pic] a-amphiarthrosis b- synarthrosis c-diarthrosis d- syndesmosis

( )- Which of the following bones is NOT a part of the axial skeleton?

a-rib b-frontal bone c- clavicle d- vertebra e-sacrum

( ) The rate of metabolism of all body cells is regulated by

a- calcitonin b- aldosterone c- thyroxine d- parathyroid e-insulin

Anatomy and physiology A Final ex.

Answer the following questions

----------------------------------------

I-Define Only five of the followings ( 10 marks)

a-homeostasis

b-sagittal section

c-mitosis

d-hyperopia

e-goiter

f-cholenergic fibres

g-phagocytosis

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

II-Enumerate only ( 20 marks)

a-Parts of the lacrimal apparatus 1- 2-

3- 4-

b-Hormones of the thyroid gland

1- 2-

c-Types of the ribs

1- 2-

3-

d-Bones of the hand are : 1- 2- 3-

e-spinal nerves plexuses are 1- 2-

3- 4-

f-Muscles of anterior abdominal wall are

1- 2-

3- 4-

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

III-Match table A with table B ( 30 marks)

Table A Table B

( ) -`Proprioceptors a-receptors in the tongue

( )-Chemoreceptors b-receptors in the ears

( )-Mechanoreceptors c-may be rods or cones

( )-Pain receptors d-naked nerve endings

( )-Photoreceptors e-in muscles and tendons

f-touch receptors

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Calcitonin a-every cell is a target

( )-Parathormone b-hypercalcemic hormone

( )-Glucocorticoids c-hyperglycemic hormone

( )-Thyroxin d-deposits calcium in bones

( )-Growth hormone e-related to pituitary dwarfism

f-tropic hormone

Table A Table B

( )-Aldosterone a-male sex hormone

( )-Epinephrine b-promotes sodium reabsorption

( )-Androgens c-hypoglycemic hormone

( )-Insulin d-stimulates milk production

( )-Prolactin e-female sex hormone

f-secreted by adrenal medulla

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TableA Table B

( )-Olfactory nerve a-activates facial muscles

( )-Vagus b-first cranial nerve

( )-Trigeminal c-nerve of hearing and equilibrium

( )-Vestibulococlear d-supplies thoracic and abdominal viscera

( )-Facial e-fifth cranial nerve

f-motor nerve for the tongue

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Quadreseps a-proper site for injection

( )-Gluteus maximus b-prime mover for elbow flexion

( )-Biceps brachii c-one muscle for mastication

( )-Sternocledomastoid d-flex the head

( )-Maseter e-extends the knee

f-toe-dancers muscle

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Table A Table B

( )-Epiphyseal plate a-shaft of long bone

( ) –Diaphysis b-in the temporal bone

( )-Styloid prosess c-area of hyaline cartilage

( )-Atlas d-holds pituitary gland

( )-Sella tursica e-first cervical vertibra

f-of face bones

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV-Fill the following spaces with proper words ( 20 marks)

*Gonadotropic hormones are released from---------------------------------------and their names are-----------------------and--------------------------

*-------------------prepare the body to cope( )with alarm stage while------------------------acts during the resistance stage of the stress reponse

*The stimuli that activate the endocrine organs are-----------------------------;------------------------and-------------------------------------------- *The specific cell that responds to chemicals dissolved in saliva is called-----------

*-----------------means old vision

*Increased intraocular pressure is called-------------------while opaque lens is called---------------

*The -----------------------nervous system is the fight-flight system

*Each axonal terminal is separated from the next neuron by-----------------------;this gap is crossed by a chemical substance called-----------------------------

*Muscles use three pathways for ATP regeneration ;they are---------------------------------------;------------------------------------and-----------------------------------

*Bones of the pelvis are---------------------------;-------------------and-------------------

V-Put T opposite true statements and F opposite the false one ( 20 marks)

( )- Most homeostatic control mechanisms are positive feedback mechanisms

( )-The heart is posterior to the sternum

( )-The knee is distal to the thigh

( )-The right and left lumbar regions lie lateral to the umbilical region

( )-The nucleus contains one or more nucleoli

( )-Lysosomes are membrane bags containing powerful digesting enzymes

( )-Epithelial tissues are avascular

( )-Transitional epithelium is present in respiratory tract

( )-Fibrocartilage is present between vertebrae

( )-Foramen magnum allows the spinal cord to connect with the brain

( )-Circumduction is commonly seen in hinge joints

( )-The CNS consists of the brain and cranial nerves

( )-Transmission of an impulse is electro chemical event

( )-The primary motor area is posterior to the central sulcus

( )-The cornea has no blood vessels

( )-Optic disc has only cones

( )-At the optic chiasma ;the fibres from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side

( )-The dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the semicircular canals

( )-In cretinism the body proportions remain childlike

( )-When blood calcium levels drop below certain level;the parathyroid releases PTH

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VI-Bonus:Mention the possible movements in the ball and socket joints (5 marks)

VII-Label the followings (20 marks)

VI-Label the following (10 points)

Good Luck

VI-Label the following:

................
................

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