Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology



Chapter 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy & PhysiologyName: _____________________________Date:_____________Class:_______Section A – Anatomy, Anatomical branches of study, and the Anatomical Position1. Cytology is the study of ______________ while histology is the study of ______________.?2. The anatomical specialty that examines changes in form that occur between conception and birth is ________________________________.?3. The study of structural features visible without the use of a microscope is called macroscopic or _______________ anatomy.?4. What scientific study is based upon the study of body structure? ___________________?5. What scientific study is based upon the study of body function? ___________________?6. Most anatomical terms have been derived from __________________ and ____________.?7. Study of general form and superficial anatomical markings is called ___________ anatomy. 8. Gross anatomical specialties include:a. radiographic and surgical anatomyb. cytology and embryologyc. histologyd. b and c onlye. all of the above9. _____________ is the maintenance of stable internal environmental conditions.??10. The ability of an organism to adjust its responses to the changes that occur in the environment is called _______________________.11. Metabolism is the process whereby:a. organisms take in materials from the environmentb. organisms generate useless or harmful waste products to be discharged into the environmentc. complex chemical reactions occur within the body to provide energy to carry on all life processesd. nutrients are taken into the organism from the environmente. cells become larger and increase in size12. Which best describes the relationship between structure and function?a. the function of an organ determines its structureb. the structure of an organ determines its function c. structure and function are only related in certain regions of the bodyd. the two are not related? ?13. In the anatomical position:a. the palms face posteriorlyb. the legs are spread comfortably, with feet at least 18” apartc. the hands are at the sides, palms forwardd. the head is turned to the left, and eyes are closede. all of the above???Section B. Regional and Directional Terms14. The orbital region is the area of the ________________________.?15. The thigh is identified as the _________________ region.16. The axillary region is the ___________________ area.17. Match each anatomical directional term with its opposite.a. dorsal A. medial17a. ______b. inferiorB. proximal17b. ______c. lateral C. ventral17c. ______d. posteriorD. superior17d. ______e. distal E. anterior17e. ______?18. Match each anatomical term with the area of the body indicated.a. thoracicA. buttock18a. _____b. digitalB. chest18b. ______c. pedalC. foot18c. ______d. glutealD. neck18d. ______e. cervicalE. fingers/toes18e. ______?***Be familiar with Figure 1.24 on page 4 about regional regional terms in your text!19. Imagine the following quadrant is lying on a supine cadaver. Fill in the following quadrant with the correct abdominal region names.***Know the Figure 1.23 about the abdominal regions on page 23 and be familiar about which organs lie in which quadrants?20. Which of the following terms is used to describe a part that is toward an attached base? a. proximal b. lateral c. distal d. caudal?21. The anatomical directional term __________________ refers to a body part that is toward the head. 22. A plane that lies at right angles to the long axis of the body and that separates it into superior and inferior portions is a _____________________________ plane.23. A cut going through both ears and separating the body into front and back halves is a ____________ cut. ?24. The lungs are ________________ to the stomach.?25. A cut separating the body into superior and inferior portions is a _______________ cut.?26. Your thumb is ___________________ to your “pinky.” (REMEMBER: you are in anatomical position whenever you use directional terms)?27. The skin is ___________________ to the muscles.28. In anatomical description, a body that is prone has:a. the face upb. the face forwardc. the face downd. the face backwarde. none of the above?29. Which of the following pairs of anatomical terms are correctly paired with their opposites?a. distal, coronalb. proximal, lateralc. cranial, caudald. cephalic, posteriore. all of the above are paired correctly30. What is the most lateral structure on the human body when it is in correct anatomical position? ________?Section C. Levels of Organization and Organ Systems?31. The highest level of organization listed here is the a. tissue b. system c. organ d. cell?32. Organs that are associated to perform a common function are known as a __________.?33. More than one ____________ combines to increase complexity and promote the level of organization to the organ level. 34. Circle the names of the 4 types of tissues in the body (Remember that tissues combine to make up organs)a. Charmin, Publix, Scott, Cottonelleb. Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervousc. Secretory, Transport, Pseudostratified, Matrixd. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quartenary?35. The different types of cells, such as the muscle cells in the heart which unite to form a more complex structure, are at the ____________________ level of organization.36. Organs are:a. anatomical units with specific functionsb. formed by 2 or more tissuesc. frequently large enough to be studied by gross anatomical techniquesd. 2 of the abovee. a, b, and c?***Be able to list the levels of organization in increasing complexity. See Figure 1.3 page 5.?37. All of the following selections include a major organ with its system excepta. brain, nervous systemb. heart, lymphatic systemc. pancreas, endocrine systemd. small intestine, digestive system??38. The ____________ is an organ of both the digestive and the endocrine systems. a. small intestine b. heart c. pancreas d. stomach?39. Your nails are part of your _________ system.?40. The major function of the _____________________ system is internal transport of nutrients, wastes, and gases. 41. The ____________ system interacts most directly with the respiratory system in distributing oxygen to the tissues.42. The respiratory system makes it possible for the body to conduct gas exchange; this process is also facilitated by the ____________ system.?43. The ____________ system uses rapid communication. The ____________ system uses slow communication. ?***It is important that you are able to list all of the organ systems and provide a primary and secondary function for each!!! You will be tested on the 11 organ systems. 44. Homeostasis can be defined as the maintenance of relatively constant conditions within the body. Of the 11 organ systems, which one is least directly involved in maintaining homeostasis? Explain.? ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download