Anatomy & Physiology Fall Final Exam Review

Anatomy & Physiology Fall Final Exam Review

Name: ____________________________________________________________Date: __________________________Class:______

1. Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions? A. Anatomy B. Physiology

2. A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) A. tissue. B. organ. C. molecule. D. system.

3. Cells are to tissues as tissues are to A. systems. B. molecules. C. organs. D. organelles.

4. Which of the following is NOT considered anatomical position? A. Standing erect B. Palms facing backward C. Face forward D. Toes pointing forward

5. Which of the following pairs are opposing terms? A. Superior/posterior B. Superior/inferior C. Anterior/inferior D. Superior/anterior

6. Which term refers to the back? A. Inferior B. Lateral C. Posterior D. Peripheral

7. The heart is _____ to the lungs. A. dorsal B. superior C. lateral D. medial

8. Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose? A. It is superior to the mouth B. It is medial to the eyes C. It is on the dorsal aspect of the face D. It is inferior to the forehead

9. Appendicular refers to the A. skull. B. thorax. C. legs and arms. D. skull and thorax.

10. Which type of section divides the body into anterior and posterior portions? A. Median B. Transverse C. Sagittal D. Frontal or coronal

11. Visceral refers to A. organs. B. tissues. C. cells. D. atoms.

12. Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate? A. Abdominal and pelvic B. Dorsal and ventral C. Thoracic and abdominal D. Cranial and spinal

13. The liver would be found in which cavity? A. Dorsal cavity B. Abdominal cavity C. Pericardial cavity D. Pleural cavity

14. The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region? A. Hypogastric B. Left lumbar C. Right iliac D. Umbilical

15. Skin is part of A. integration and coordination. B. the integumentary system. C. transportation. D. support and movement.

16. Transportation within the body is mainly part of A. the nervous system. B. the skin. C. the skeleton. D. the cardiovascular system.

17. Homeostasis refers to A. changing external conditions. B. stable external conditions. C. changing internal conditions. D. stable internal conditions.

18. Which of the following occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis? A. Body temperature regulation B. Blood pH regulation C. Blood clot formation D. Blood cell production

2009 Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review

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19. Sally is rushed to the hospital with acute appendicitis. Which serous membrane is in danger of infection? A. Peritoneum B. Pleura C. Meninges D. Pericardium

20. The number of protons in an atom is called the A. atomic number. B. atomic weight. C. mass number. D. combining weight.

21. Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an atom? A. Neutron B. Proton C. Electron D. Prion

22. Different forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called A. molecules. B. compounds. C. isotopes. D. lattices.

23. An ion is an atom or molecule that A. is in a gaseous state. B. carries an electrical charge. C. is attracted to a north-seeking pole. D. forms a visible glow.

24. A bond created from the sharing of electrons between two atoms is a(an) ______ bond. A. covalent B. hydrogen C. ionic D. polymer

25. When one atom has a stronger attraction for shared electrons in a bond than the other atom, a(an) ___________ covalent bond is formed. A. polar B. nonpolar C. ionic D. metallic

26. Substances that are water-loving are called A. hydrophilic. B. hydrophobic. C. hydrophoric. D. hydrochromic.

27. A pH of 5.5 would be considered A. acidic. B. basic. C. neutral.

28. Compounds that form ions when put into water are called A. mixtures. B. solvents. C. electrolytes. D. suspensions.

2009 Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review

29. Organic compounds always contain ___________ atoms. A. water B. carbon C. nitrogen D. oxygen

30. Glycogen is A. a monosaccharide used for quick energy. B. a protein found in cell membranes. C. a polysaccharide used as stored energy. D. a fat found in margarine.

31. Which of the following contains glucose? A. Protein B. Fat C. Nucleic acid D. Starch

32. Organic compounds that are always insoluble in water are called A. sugars. B. lipids. C. nucleotides. D. proteins.

33. Triglycerides are composed of glycerol and three fatty acids. When the fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, the fat is considered A. saturated. B. unsaturated. C. emulsified. D. synthesized.

34. The subunit molecules for proteins are A. atoms. B. amino acids. C. enzymes. D. polymers.

35. Which of the following is a nucleic acid? A. DNA B. RNA C. Both DNA and RNA D. None of these choices are correct.

36. Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide? A. Pentose sugar B. Phosphate group C. Glucose D. Nitrogen-containing base

37. In the DNA molecule, the complementary base pair of adenine is always A. uracil. B. cytosine. C. thymine. D. guanine.

38. Which of the following molecules is the primary energy carrier in cells? A. DNA B. ATP C. RNA D. GNA

39. The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipids bilayer is described by the A. fluid mosaic model. B. lipid mosaic model. C. protein ? lipid mosaic model. D. cholesterol mosaic model.

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40. The phospholipids molecules are arranged with A. the hydrophilic tails facing outward and the hydrophobic heads facing inward. B. the hydrophilic tails facing inward and the hydrophobic heads facing outward. C. the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward. D. the hydrophilic heads facing inward and the hydrophobic tails facing outward.

41. Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis? A. Ribosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. Smooth ER D. All of these choices are correct.

42. A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane is the A. nucleolus. B. Golgi apparatus. C. endoplasmic reticulum. D. mitochondria.

43. Which organelle is involved in processing, packaging, and secretion of proteins and lipids? A. Ribosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Chromosomes

44. Mitochondria A. produce protein. B. store food. C. produce ATP. D. digest food.

45. __________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells. A. Cilia B. Flagella C. Microvilli D. Basal bodies

46. The plasma membrane is A. impermeable. B. permeable to everything. C. selectively permeable.

47. The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called A. osmosis. B. filtration. C. diffusion. D. pumping.

48. The movement of H2O across a plasma membrane A. is called osmosis. B. is called diffusion. C. requires energy. D. is called osmosis and requires energy.

49. When a cell is placed into a(an) __________ solution, water enters the cell. A. isotonic B. hypotonic C. hypertonic

2009 Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review

50. Which process does not require a concentration gradient? A. Active transport B. Diffusion C. Facilitated diffusion D. Osmosis

51. The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called A. exocytosis. B. pinocytosis. C. phagocytosis. D. facilitated diffusion.

52. The division of the nucleus is A. cytokinesis. B. mitosis. C. interphase. D. telophase.

53. The division of the cytoplasm and organelles is A. cytokinesis. B. mitosis. C. interphase. D. telophase.

54. The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and doing what it is designed to do is called A. interphase. B. mitosis. C. apoptosis. D. exterophase.

55. Which type of tissue covers surfaces and lines cavities? A. connective B. epithelium C. muscle D. connective and muscle

56. Which type of tissue binds and supports body parts? A. epithelium B. nervous C. connective D. muscular

57. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? A. It readily divides to produce new cells. B. It has a basement membrane to connect to underlying tissue. C. It has many blood vessels to support its nutrient needs. D. It always has a free surface.

58. Which of the following is NOT a shape of epithelial tissue? A. rectangular B. squamous C. columnar D. cuboidal

59. What type of epithelium is found where simple diffusion occurs? A. simple columnar B. pseudostratified columnar C. stratified squamous D. simple squamous

60. What type of epithelium is often found in glands and kidney tubules? A. simple cuboidal B. simple squamous C. stratified squamous D. pseudostratified columnar

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61. What type of tissue lines the small intestine? A. squamous epithelium B. loose connective C. simple columnar epithelium D. simple cuboidal epithelium

62. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue is found in (on) the A. skin. B. trachea. C. blood vessels. D. digestive tract.

63. Specialized columnar cells that secrete mucus onto the surfaces of the tissue are called A. adipose cells. B. surface cells. C. goblet cells. D. endocrine cells.

64. What type of epithelium is found in the urinary bladder and allows it to stretch and slide to create a barrier? A. simple columnar B. stratified squamous C. stratified cuboidal D. transitional

65. Which type of fiber found in connective tissue provides flexible strength? A. reticular B. collagen C. keratine D. elastic

66. Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)? A. bone B. cartilage C. blood D. All of the choices are correct.

67. Which of the following is a type of loose connective tissue? A. tendons B. cartilage C. adipose tissue D. ligaments

68. What is the cell found in fibrous connective tissue? A. osteocytes B. chondrocytes C. erythrocytes D. fibroblasts

69. Which of the following connects muscles to bones? A. tendons B. cartilage C. adipose tissue D. ligaments

70. Which tissue has lacunae? A. bone B. cartilage C. tendons D. bone and cartilage

71. Which of the following is the most common type of cartilage? A. hyaline B. elastic C. fibrocartilage

2009 Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review

72. What type of tissue is made of concentric rings called an osteon or Haversian system? A. compact bone B. hyaline cartilage C. adipose tissue D. spongy bone

73. Which of the following is NOT a formed element found in blood? A. erythrocytes B. plasma C. leukocytes D. thrombocytes

74. The skin consists of ____ regions. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

75. In which layer of the epidermis are cells constantly dividing? A. stratum corneum B. stratum lucidum C. stratum dermis D. stratum basale

76. Which layer of the epidermis protects from abrasion and is found only in thick skin? A. stratum basale B. hypodermis C. stratum corneum D. stratum lucidum

77. Which layer of the epidermis is closest to the surface? A. stratum lucidum B. stratum corneum C. dermis D. stratum basale

78. Keratin is A. a pigment. B. a waterproof protein. C. located in the hypodermis. D. described by all of these characteristics.

79. Melanin A. is a pigment. B. protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation. C. is located in the epidermis. D. is described by all of these characteristics.

80. Which layer contains blood vessels AND nerve fibers? A. epidermis B. dermis C. epidermis and dermis

81. Hair is produced by epithelial cells located in the A. epidermis. B. dermis. C. hypodermis. D. dermis and hypodermis.

82. What type of gland is associated with hair follicles? A. sebaceous glands B. apocrine sweat glands C. eccrine sweat glands D. ceruminous glands

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83. What percentage of a person's skin would be involved if they had burned their left arm, front of the trunk, and the front of their left leg? A. 45% B. 40.5% C. 36% D. 31.5%

84. Athlete's foot is A. a bacterial infection. B. caused by over keratinization. C. caused by sensitivity to chemicals. D. a fungal infection.

85. Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer? A. basal cell carcinoma B. squamous cell carcinoma C. malignant melanoma D. Kaposi's sarcoma

86. The epidermis and part of the dermis are damaged from a A. first-degree burn. B. second-degree burn. C. third-degree burn. D. fourth-degree burn.

87. Which of the following is a function of the skin? A. protection B. sensory reception C. synthesis of vitamin D D. all of these are functions

88. What is needed to produce vitamin D? A. calcium B. phosphorus C. ultraviolet light D. calcium and phosphorus

89. Which of the following is a function of the skeleton? A. produces blood cells B. provides sites for muscle attachment C. protects internal organs D. All of the choices are functions

90. Which of the following is NOT a general shape to classify bones? A. long B. short C. rectangular D. irregular

91. The end of a long bone is the A. diaphysis. B. periosteum. C. shaft. D. epiphysis.

92. The shaft of a long bone is the A. periosteum. B. diaphysis. C. articular cartilage. D. endosteum.

93. The medullary cavity contains A. yellow marrow. B. spongy bone. C. the periosteum. D. red marrow.

2009 Anatomy & Physiology Final Exam Review

94. Red marrow A. produces blood cells. B. is located in spongy bone. C. is located in the epiphyseal plate. D. produces blood cells and is located in spongy bone.

95. What are the cells found within an osteon? A. osteoblasts B. osteocytes C. epiphysealcytes D. chondrocytes

96. What are the small passageways through compact bone that connect osteocytes to each other and the central canal? A. lamellae B. lacunae C. canaliculi D. osteons

97. Which of the following is NOT a feature of compact bone? A. lacunae B. lamellae C. trabeculae D. osteon

98. Which of the following are the bone-eating (reabsorbing) cells? A. osteoprogenitor cells B. osteocytes C. osteoblasts D. osteoclasts

99. Which would form by way of intramembranous ossification? A. humerus B. metacarpal C. frontal bone D. clavicle

100. During endochondral ossification A. hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue. B. osteoblasts break down bone. C. hyaline cartilage is replaced by bone. D. simple fractures are more common.

101. What structure is the site of bone growth in length? A. primary ossification center B. epiphyseal plates C. periosteum D. None of the choices are correct.

102. The addition of new bone on top of existing bone to increase bone thickness is called A. endochondral ossification. B. intramembranous ossification. C. osteoprogenesis. D. appositional growth.

103. A __________ is a rounded opening through a bone. A. foramen B. fossa C. trochanter D. condyle

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