Kidneys, Suprarenals, and Abdominal Autonomics
Kidneys, Suprarenals, and Abdominal Autonomics
1. Define the origin and relationship of the perirenal fat, the pararenal fat, and the renal fascia.
2. Where is the renal fascia deficient?
3. Surgical approaches to the kidney may result in a pneumothorax. Explain.
4. For the kidney, define: renal pyramid, cortex, medulla, renal sinus, renal papilla, renal column, minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis.
5. Discuss the vasculature of the suprarenal gland.
6. Define the greater, lesser, and least splanchnic nerves.
7. What is the lumbar sympathetic trunk?
8. What are lumbar splanchnic nerves?
9. Define the course of the vagus nerve in the abdomen?
10. Define the difference in "pain" between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum.
11. What is referred pain?
12. Why is pain from appendicitis initially referred to the umbilical area, and then "shifts" to the right umbilical fossa?
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