Anatomy & Physiology



Name:_____________________________________Date:____________Hour:_______

Anatomy & Physiology

2014-2015 Mid-Term Review

Body Organization

1. Define anatomy:

2. Define physiology:

3. Describe homeostasis:

4. List from smallest to largest the levels of organization.

5. The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are _____________.

6. An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n) _______________.

7. The contraction of the uterus during birth is an example of ______________ feedback.

8. What does the axial portion of the body consist of?

9. The head is __________________ to the abdomen.

10. The heart is ____________________ to the arm.

11. The knee is ___________________ to the thigh.

12. The lungs are __________________ to the skin.

13. The elbow is _________________ to the wrist.

14. Be able to label the following on the diagram below: diaphragm, pelvic cavity, thoracic cavity, dorsal body cavity, vertebral cavity, pleural cavity, cranial cavity, abdominal cavity, and ventral body cavity.

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Tissues and Skin

15. What is the study of tissues known as?

16. List the primary germ layers.

17. Where is epithelial tissue developed from?

18. Cartilage is a form of _______________ tissue.

19. What tissue lines the body cavity and protects body surfaces?

20. Where would one find thick skin? What is another term used for thick skin?

21. Are sensory receptors found in the epidermis?

22. What is the basic ingredient in the skin that determines the color of your skin?

23. How can the body produce more heat?

24. Is epidermal tissue constantly being replaced throughout your life? Explain.

25. Describe each of the following types of tissues: simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, stratified squamous, transitional.

The Skeletal System

26. What is the function of the osteon (haversioan system)?

27. What is the major purpose of the epiphyseal plate?

28. What does the axial skeleton include? How about the appendicular skeleton?

29. List from superior to inferior, the sequence of the vertebral column.

30. Going from proximal to distal, list the bones of the upper extremities.

31. Be able to label the following on the diagram of the skeleton: orbit, mandible, ulna, ischium, coccyx, sternum, tibia, phalanges, humorus, patella, femur, scapula, frontal bone, vertebral column, fibula, radius, tarsals, sacrum, pubis, clavicle, nasal bone, zygomatic, maxilla.

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Articulations and Joints

32. List the function and the location of where one might find each of the following joint types. i.e. fibrous joints, synovial joints and cartilaginous joints.

33. What is arthritis? Which is the most common?

34. What is osteoporosis?

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