First Aid Instructor Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards
The NSC Emergency Medical Response textbook includes all content in the current National EMS Education Standards published by the United States Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The text’s organization closely follows this curriculum, with a few exceptions. The following is an outline of the National EMS Education Standards keyed to appropriate chapters in the text.
|Standards |Chapter |
|Preparatory ( Uses simple knowledge of the EMS system, safety/well-being of the EMR, medical/legal issues at the scene of an emergency|
|while awaiting a higher level of care |
|EMS Systems |1 |
|EMS systems | |
|Roles/responsibilities/professionalism of EMS personnel | |
|Quality improvement | |
|Research |1 |
|Impact of research on EMR care | |
|Data collection | |
|Workforce Safety and Wellness |2 |
|Standard safety precautions | |
|Personal protective equipment | |
|Stress management | |
|Dealing with death and dying | |
|Prevention of response-related injuries | |
|Lifting and moving patients |2, 23 |
|Documentation |4 |
|Recording patient findings | |
|EMS System Communication |4 |
|Call for resources | |
|Transfer care of the patient | |
|Interact within the team structure | |
|Therapeutic Communication |4 |
|Principles of communicating with patients in a manner that achieves a positive relationship | |
|Interviewing techniques | |
|Medical/Legal and Ethics |3 |
|Consent/refusal of care | |
|Confidentiality | |
|Advanced directives | |
|Tort and criminal actions | |
|Evidence preservation | |
|Statutory responsibilities | |
|Mandatory reporting | |
|Ethical principles/moral obligations | |
|End-of-life issues | |
|Anatomy and Physiology ( Uses simple knowledge of the anatomy and function of the upper airway, heart,|5 |
|vessels, blood, lungs, skin, muscles and bones as the foundation of emergency care | |
|Medical Terminology ( Uses simple medical and anatomical terms |4 |
|Pathophysiology ( Uses simple knowledge of shock and respiratory compromise to respond to life threats|5 |
|Life Span Development ( Uses simple knowledge of age-related differences to assess and care for |5 |
|patients | |
|Public Health ( Has an awareness of local public health resources and the role EMS personnel play in |1 |
|public health emergencies | |
|Pharmacology ( Uses simple knowledge of the medications that the EMR may self-administer or administer to a peer in an emergency |
|Medication Administration |25 |
|Simple knowledge of the medications that the EMR may self-administer or administer to a peer in an | |
|emergency | |
|Emergency Medications |12 |
|Names | |
|Effects | |
|Indications | |
|Routes of administration | |
|Dosages for the medications administered | |
|Airway Management, Respiration and Artificial Ventilation ( Applies knowledge of general anatomy and |6 |
|physiology to assure a patent airway, adequate mechanical ventilation and respiration while awaiting | |
|additional EMS response for patients of all ages | |
|Airway Management |6 |
|Airway anatomy | |
|Airway assessment | |
|Techniques of assuring a patent airway | |
|Respiration |6 |
|Anatomy of the respiratory system | |
|Physiology and pathophysiology of respiration ( pulmonary ventilation, oxygenation, respiration | |
|(external, internal, cellular) | |
|Assessment and management of adequate and inadequate respiration | |
|Supplemental oxygen therapy | |
|Artificial Ventilation |6 |
|Assessment and management of adequate and inadequate ventilation | |
|Artificial ventilation | |
|Minute ventilation | |
|Alveolar ventilation | |
|Effect of artificial ventilation on cardiac output | |
|Assessment ( Use scene information and simple patient assessment findings to identify and manage |10,11 |
|immediate life threats and injuries within the scope of practice of the EMR | |
|Scene Size-Up |10 |
|Scene safety | |
|Scene management ( impact of the environment on patient care, addressing hazards, violence, need for | |
|additional or specialized resources, standard precautions | |
|Primary Assessment |10 |
|Primary assessment for all patient situations ( level of consciousness, airway, breathing, | |
|circulation, identifying life threats, assessment of vital functions | |
|Begin interventions needed to preserve life | |
|History Taking |11 |
|Determining the chief complaint | |
|Mechanism of injury/nature of illness | |
|Associated signs and symptoms | |
|Secondary Assessment |11 |
|Performing a rapid full body scan | |
|Focused assessment of pain | |
|Assessment of vital signs | |
|Reassessment |11 |
|How and when to reassess patients | |
|Medicine ( Recognizes and manages life threats based on assessment findings of a patient with a medical emergency while awaiting |
|additional emergency response |
|Medical Overview |12 |
|Assessment and management of a medical complaint | |
|Neurology |12 |
|Anatomy, presentations and management of decreased level of responsiveness, seizure, stroke | |
| | |
|Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Disorders |12 |
|Anatomy, presentations and management of shock associated with abdominal emergencies, gastrointestinal| |
|bleeding | |
|Immunology |12 |
|Recognition and management of shock and difficulty breathing related to anaphylactic reactions | |
|Infectious Diseases |2 |
|Awareness of a patient who may have an infectious disease and how to decontaminate equipment after | |
|treating a patient | |
|Endocrine Disorders |12 |
|Awareness that diabetic emergencies cause altered mental status | |
|Psychiatric |13 |
|Recognition of behaviors that pose a risk to the EMR, patient or others | |
|Cardiovascular |8, 9, 12 |
|Anatomy, signs, symptoms and management of chest pain, cardiac arrest | |
|Toxicology |14 |
|Recognition and management of carbon monoxide poisoning | |
|Recognition and management of nerve agent poisoning |25 |
|How and when to contact a poison control center |14 |
|Respiratory |12 |
|Anatomy, signs, symptoms and management of respiratory emergencies including those that affect the | |
|upper airway, lower airway | |
|Genitourinary/Renal |12 |
|Blood pressure assessment in hemodialysis patients | |
|Gynecology |20 |
|Recognition and management of shock associated with vaginal bleeding | |
|Diseases of the Eyes, Ears, Nose and Throat |17 |
|Recognition and management of nose bleed | |
|Shock and Resuscitation ( Uses assessment information to recognize shock, respiratory failure or |6, 7, 8 |
|arrest and cardiac arrest based on assessment findings and manages the emergency while awaiting | |
|additional emergency response | |
|Trauma ( Uses simple knowledge to recognize and manage life threats based on assessment findings for |16, 17, 18, 19 |
|an acutely injured patient while awaiting additional emergency medical response | |
|Bleeding |16 |
|Recognition and management of bleeding | |
|Chest Trauma |17 |
|Recognition and management of blunt versus penetrating mechanisms, open chest wound, impaled object | |
|Abdominal and Genitourinary Trauma |17 |
|Recognition and management of blunt versus penetrating mechanisms, evisceration, impaled object | |
|Orthopedic Trauma |18 |
|Recognition and management of open fractures, closed fractures, dislocations, amputations | |
|Soft-Tissue Trauma |17 |
|Recognition and management of wounds and burns (electrical, chemical, thermal) | |
|Chemicals in the eye and on the skin | |
|Head, Facial, Neck and Spine Trauma |17, 19 |
|Recognition and management of life threats, spine trauma | |
|Special Considerations in Trauma | |
|Recognition and management of trauma in pregnant patient |20 |
|Recognition and management of trauma in pediatric patient |21 |
|Recognition and management of trauma in geriatric patient |22 |
|Environmental Emergencies |15 |
|Recognition and management of submersion incidents, temperature-related illness | |
|Multi-System Trauma |16 |
|Recognition and management of multi-system trauma | |
|Special Patient Populations ( Recognizes and manages life threats based on simple assessment findings for a patient with special needs|
|while awaiting additional emergency response |
|Obstetrics |20 |
|Recognition and management of normal delivery, vaginal bleeding in the pregnant patient | |
|Neonatal Care |20 |
|Newborn care, neonatal resuscitation | |
|Pediatrics |21 |
|Age-related assessment findings, and age-related assessment and treatment modifications for | |
|pediatric-specific major diseases and/or emergencies ( upper airway obstruction, lower airway reactive| |
|disease, respiratory distress/failure/arrest, shock, seizures, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | |
|Geriatrics |22 |
|Impact of age-related changes on assessment and care | |
|Patients with Special Challenges |22 |
|Recognizing and reporting abuse and neglect | |
|EMS Operations ( Knowledge of operational roles and responsibilities to ensure safe patient, public |23, 24, 25, 26 |
|and personnel safety | |
|Principles of Safely Operating a Ground Ambulance |24 |
|Risks and responsibilities of emergency response | |
|Incident Management |26 |
|Establish and work within the incident management system | |
|Multiple Casualty Incidents |26 |
|Triage principles | |
|Resource management | |
|Air Medical |24 |
|Safe air medical operations | |
|Criteria for utilizing air medical response | |
|Vehicle Extrication |24 |
|Safe vehicle extrication | |
|Use of simple hand tools | |
|Hazardous Materials Awareness |25 |
|Risks and responsibilities of operating in a cold zone at a hazardous material or other special | |
|incident | |
|Mass Casualty Incidents due to Terrorism and Disaster |25 |
|Risks and responsibilities of operating on the scene of a natural or man made disaster | |
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First Aid Instructor Guidelines
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