THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL CHINESE …
THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL CHINESE CIVILIZATION
|8,500 – 6,500 BCE |Domestication of cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep, and goats |
|8,000 – 4,000 BCE |Transition to sedentary agriculture in Yellow River area; silk weaving begins |
|6500 BCE |Rice cultivation imported from SE Asia; intensive landscaping begins |
|5000 – 2000 BCE |Yangshao Neolithic village culture; cultivation of millet, soybeans |
|2200 – 1800 BCE |Legendary Xia Dynasty; Chinese traditions arise, flood control begins |
|1800 – 1122 BCE |Shang Dynasty of Indo-Aryan warrior kings, aristocrats; chariot warfare |
|1800 – 1122 BCE |Ideographic writing develops as part of religious divination; bronze castings |
|1800 – 1122 BCE |Ancestor worship; society patriarchal, patrilineal; nobles, commoners, slaves |
|1122 – 221 BCE |Zhou Dynasty replaces Shang Dynasty; Mandate of Heaven justifies revolt |
|1122 – 770 BCE |Zhou kings simply strongest of noble families; towns largely military camps |
|770 – 256 BCE |Rise of regional states; Zhou lose centralized control; vassalage common |
|722 – 481 BCE |Spring and Autumn Period: Constant warfare reduces Zhou to figurehead |
|681 BCE |Increasing pressure on northern, western borders by nomads |
|600 BCE |Iron metallurgy; cities become commercial, industrial centers; coins circulate |
|551 – 220 BCE |Age of 100 Philosophers (Confucius, Lao Tze, Mencius, Legalists) |
|403 – 222 BCE |Warring States Period: civil war between leading families to control Zhou |
|5th Century BCE |Rise of Qin state with large, well-trained army; uses Legalist philosophy |
|5th Century BCE |Sunzi writes The Art of War; massed infantry, cavalry replace chariots |
|256 BCE |Qin deposes last Zhou emperor; civil war devastates nobles, traditions |
|247 – 210 BCE |Shi Huangdi proclaimed first emperor; abolishes feudalism, centralizes rule |
|247 – 210 BCE |Qin standardizes weights, systems; Great Wall completed; roads built |
|202 BCE – 9 CE |Han Dynasty begins; development of horse collar, water mill, rudder |
|202 BCE – 9 CE |Silk Road established; nomads put pressure on border; trade with nomads |
|202 BCE – 9 CE |Han expands free peasant holdings; limits power of aristocrats |
|202 BCE – 9 CE |Han Dynasty begins to settle Chinese peasants south of Yangzte River |
|202 BCE – 9 CE |Rise of Shi, Confucian trained civil servants; examination system begins |
|202 BCE – 9 CE |Merchant class arises but socially rated lower than peasants |
|201 BCE |Xiong-nu nomads attack; emperor buys off nomads with tribute |
|141 – 87 BCE |Han Wu Di emperor expands borders in all directions; Golden Age of China |
|141 – 87 BCE |State control of grain supply; state monopolies on iron, salt, and liquor. |
|1st Century BCE |Scholar-gentry, landed elite become dominant class, replace Shi as leaders |
|1st Century BCE |Increasing conservatism in society; women, commoners lose status |
|1st Century BCE |Chang-an, the capital has more than 200,000 inhabitants; many cities |
|73 BCE |Defeat of nomadic alliance; Xiong-nu forced to migrate to west |
|9 – 23 CE |Rule of Wang Mang temporarily overthrows Han; seeks reforms but fails |
|23 – 220 CE |Restoration of Han Dynasty but little innovation or brilliance of earlier Han |
|23 – 220 CE |Invention of paper, print, compass, porcelain; trade with Rome, Persia |
|88 – 220 CE |Han decline begins; constant pressures from nomads; rise of secret societies |
|88 – 220 CE |Rule by great families; local nobles select men for bureaucratic appointment |
|220 – 589 CE |Period of disunion; mass migrations, constant invasions; population declines |
|220 – 589 CE |Population assimilates non-Chinese, nomads; spreads Chinese culture |
|220 – 589 CE |Militia system of farmer-soldiers replaces regular army; troops self-sufficient |
|220 – 589 CE |Land cultivation increased; states own all land; |
|300 – 700 CE |Spread of Buddhism; Confucians react, become largely xenophobic |
|300 – 700 CE |Neo-Daoism blends with Confucianism; Religious Daoism is folk religion |
SCRIPTED CHART: THE ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL AGE IN CHINA
NAME: ______________________________ PERIOD: __________ DATE: ______________
| |SHANG CHINA |ZHOU CHINA |QIN/HAN CHINA |
|SOCIAL STRUCTURES | | | |
|Economic, Social Classes | | | |
|Gender Roles, Relations | | | |
|Inequalities | | | |
|Family, Kinship | | | |
|Racial, Ethnic Constructs | | | |
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