THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL CHINESE …



THE CHRONOLOGY OF ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL CHINESE CIVILIZATION

|8,500 – 6,500 BCE |Domestication of cattle, pigs, chickens, sheep, and goats |

|8,000 – 4,000 BCE |Transition to sedentary agriculture in Yellow River area; silk weaving begins |

|6500 BCE |Rice cultivation imported from SE Asia; intensive landscaping begins |

|5000 – 2000 BCE |Yangshao Neolithic village culture; cultivation of millet, soybeans |

|2200 – 1800 BCE |Legendary Xia Dynasty; Chinese traditions arise, flood control begins |

|1800 – 1122 BCE |Shang Dynasty of Indo-Aryan warrior kings, aristocrats; chariot warfare |

|1800 – 1122 BCE |Ideographic writing develops as part of religious divination; bronze castings |

|1800 – 1122 BCE |Ancestor worship; society patriarchal, patrilineal; nobles, commoners, slaves |

|1122 – 221 BCE |Zhou Dynasty replaces Shang Dynasty; Mandate of Heaven justifies revolt |

|1122 – 770 BCE |Zhou kings simply strongest of noble families; towns largely military camps |

|770 – 256 BCE |Rise of regional states; Zhou lose centralized control; vassalage common |

|722 – 481 BCE |Spring and Autumn Period: Constant warfare reduces Zhou to figurehead |

|681 BCE |Increasing pressure on northern, western borders by nomads |

|600 BCE |Iron metallurgy; cities become commercial, industrial centers; coins circulate |

|551 – 220 BCE |Age of 100 Philosophers (Confucius, Lao Tze, Mencius, Legalists) |

|403 – 222 BCE |Warring States Period: civil war between leading families to control Zhou |

|5th Century BCE |Rise of Qin state with large, well-trained army; uses Legalist philosophy |

|5th Century BCE |Sunzi writes The Art of War; massed infantry, cavalry replace chariots |

|256 BCE |Qin deposes last Zhou emperor; civil war devastates nobles, traditions |

|247 – 210 BCE |Shi Huangdi proclaimed first emperor; abolishes feudalism, centralizes rule |

|247 – 210 BCE |Qin standardizes weights, systems; Great Wall completed; roads built |

|202 BCE – 9 CE |Han Dynasty begins; development of horse collar, water mill, rudder |

|202 BCE – 9 CE |Silk Road established; nomads put pressure on border; trade with nomads |

|202 BCE – 9 CE |Han expands free peasant holdings; limits power of aristocrats |

|202 BCE – 9 CE |Han Dynasty begins to settle Chinese peasants south of Yangzte River |

|202 BCE – 9 CE |Rise of Shi, Confucian trained civil servants; examination system begins |

|202 BCE – 9 CE |Merchant class arises but socially rated lower than peasants |

|201 BCE |Xiong-nu nomads attack; emperor buys off nomads with tribute |

|141 – 87 BCE |Han Wu Di emperor expands borders in all directions; Golden Age of China |

|141 – 87 BCE |State control of grain supply; state monopolies on iron, salt, and liquor. |

|1st Century BCE |Scholar-gentry, landed elite become dominant class, replace Shi as leaders |

|1st Century BCE |Increasing conservatism in society; women, commoners lose status |

|1st Century BCE |Chang-an, the capital has more than 200,000 inhabitants; many cities |

|73 BCE |Defeat of nomadic alliance; Xiong-nu forced to migrate to west |

|9 – 23 CE |Rule of Wang Mang temporarily overthrows Han; seeks reforms but fails |

|23 – 220 CE |Restoration of Han Dynasty but little innovation or brilliance of earlier Han |

|23 – 220 CE |Invention of paper, print, compass, porcelain; trade with Rome, Persia |

|88 – 220 CE |Han decline begins; constant pressures from nomads; rise of secret societies |

|88 – 220 CE |Rule by great families; local nobles select men for bureaucratic appointment |

|220 – 589 CE |Period of disunion; mass migrations, constant invasions; population declines |

|220 – 589 CE |Population assimilates non-Chinese, nomads; spreads Chinese culture |

|220 – 589 CE |Militia system of farmer-soldiers replaces regular army; troops self-sufficient |

|220 – 589 CE |Land cultivation increased; states own all land; |

|300 – 700 CE |Spread of Buddhism; Confucians react, become largely xenophobic |

|300 – 700 CE |Neo-Daoism blends with Confucianism; Religious Daoism is folk religion |

SCRIPTED CHART: THE ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL AGE IN CHINA

NAME: ______________________________ PERIOD: __________ DATE: ______________

| |SHANG CHINA |ZHOU CHINA |QIN/HAN CHINA |

|SOCIAL STRUCTURES | | | |

|Economic, Social Classes | | | |

|Gender Roles, Relations | | | |

|Inequalities | | | |

|Family, Kinship | | | |

|Racial, Ethnic Constructs | | | |

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