GREEKART - Metropolitan Museum of Art

[Pages:256]G RE E K ART

FROM PREH ISTORIC TO CLASS ICAL

A RESOURCE FOR E DUCATORS

the metropolitan museum of art by Michael Norris

The Metropolitan Museum of Art's teacher training programs and accompanying materials are made possible through a generous grant from Mr. and Mrs. Frederick P. Rose.

Copyright ? 2000 by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

Written by Michael Norris Designed by Tsang Seymour Design Production by Masha Turchinsky Edited by Philomena Mariani and Alexandra Bonfante-Warren

Color Separations by Professional Graphics Inc., Rockford, Illinois Printed by Galvanic Printing and Plate Co, Inc., Moonachie, New Jersey and Elwood Packaging, Chicago, Illinois

Photographs of works of art in the Museum's collection are by The Photograph Studio of The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Illustration of Greek Orders of Architecture from Blue Guide Greece reproduced with permission of A&C Black (Publishers) Limited. Robin Barber, author. John Flower, illustrator.

Illustrations of Hollow Lost-Wax Casting:The Direct Method and Hollow Lost-Wax Casting:The Indirect Method printed with permission of Se?n Hemingway.

Illustration of Model of the Parthenon by John Kerschbaum.

Silver dekadrachm reproduced with permission by The American Numismatic Society.

Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Norris, Michael (Michael Byron)

Greek art : from prehistoric to classical : a resource for

educators/ by Michael Norris.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-87099-972-9

1. Art, Greek?Study and teaching. 2. Art, Classical?Greece?

Study and teaching. 3. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York,

N.Y.)?Guidebooks. I.Title.

N5630.N67 2000

700'.938'0747471?dc21

00-049017

AC KNOWL E DG M E NTS

Although I organized and wrote or rewrote much of the text, this resource is truly a group effort. First, many thanks go to the curators in the Department of Greek and Roman Art for their comments on the contents, much of which was material already written by them: Carlos Pic?n, Joan Mertens, Elizabeth Milleker, Christopher Lightfoot, and Se?n Hemingway, who was my kind and patient liaison to the department. A debt of gratitude is also owed to Rebecca Arkenberg, who created the lesson plans; to graduate intern Iris Plaitakis, who created the Web site section and the "hunts" outside the Greek art galleries; to Emily Roth and Naomi Niles of the Uris Library, who, together with their interns Nicholas Gershberg and Avi Springer, compiled the bibliography and videography; to Alex Zlotnikov, who designed the time line; to Paul Caro, who designed the maps for the hunts; and to high school interns Melissa Barroso and Allison Dizzine, who checked and rechecked label copy against the text. Felicia Blum, Rika Burnham, Colette Czapski Hemingway, Nick Ruocco, Jean Sorabella (who also wrote the Greek architecture section), and especially Edie Watts, read the manuscript and gave suggestions that greatly improved it, as did its copyeditors Alexandra Bonfante-Warren and Philomena Mariani. Further thanks go to the dozens of teachers who examined the earlier draft of this teachers' resource and gave us valuable insights on how to improve it, and once again to Se?n Hemingway, who provided the illustrations of bronze casting. Finally, thanks to Masha Turchinsky, Education's creative manager, for her enthusiastic hard work and good-natured shepherding on this resource. Mike Norris

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F OREWORD TO TEACHERS

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is very pleased to provide you with some of our newest educational materials, Greek Art from Prehistoric to Classical: A Resource for Educators.These lesson plans, slides, posters, texts, and other materials provide many tools and approaches for creative use in your classroom and have been greatly improved by your colleagues' ideas and suggestions.These materials have also been adapted for use on the Museum's Internet site, , where teachers will already find much educational material.

Michael Norris, Associate Museum Educator at the Metropolitan, has assembled this resource with the assistance of Museum colleagues, particularly Carlos Pic?n, Joan Mertens, Elizabeth Milleker, Se?n Hemingway, and Christopher Lightfoot in the Department of Greek and Roman Art.We thank them for their support. Greek Art from Prehistoric to Classical: A Resource for Educators is made possible by a generous grant from Mr. and Mrs. Frederick P. Rose, whose vision of excellence is transforming education in New York.

Philippe de Montebello Director

Kent Lydecker Associate Director for Education

Issued 10/00 ? The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

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Foreword to Teachers

CONTENTS

HOW TO USE THESE MATERIALS

7

MAP OF THE ANCI ENT GREEK WORLD

11

A BRIEF HISTORY OF ATHENS FROM THE SIXTH

TO THE FOURTH CENTURIES B.C.

13

KEY ASPECTS OF FIFTH-CENTURY GREEK LIFE

17

Greek Beliefs

17

Myth and Religion

17

Ideas about Death and the Afterlife

18

Philosophy and Science

19

Music

20

Poetry

21

Sports

22

The Symposium

23

Warfare

24

GREEK ART

27

Prehistoric and Early Greek Art (CA. 4500CA. 700 B.C.)

27

The Cycladic Islands

27

Minoan Crete (CA. 3200CA. 1050 B.C.)

27

Mycenaean Greece (CA. 1600CA. 1200 B.C.)

28

Geometric Greece (CA. 1050CA. 700 B.C.)

29

Greek Art of the Seventh and Sixth Centuries B.C.

29

Greek Art of the Sixth Century B.C.

32

Greek Art of the Fifth Century B.C.

34

Greek Art of the Later Fifth and Fourth Centuries B.C.

36

Contents

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ARTISTS AND MATERIALS

39

Architecture in Ancient Greece

39

Bronze Statues of Ancient Greece and Their Roman Copies

43

Ceramics

49

Black- and Red-Figure Techniques of Athenian Vase Painting

49

Athenian Vases of the Sixth and Fifth Centuries B.C.:

Styles, Subjects, and Some Artists

50

Tanagra Figurines of the Fourth Century B.C.

53

Coins of Ancient Greece

55

Origin and Technique

55

Weight Standards and Denominations

56

Images on Coins (Types)

56

Gems of Ancient Greece

57

Glass of the Greek Archaic and Classical Periods

58

Marble Sculpture of Ancient Greece

59

QUICK LIST OF SLIDES

61

SLIDE AND POSTER DESCRIPTIONS

66

"HUNTS" INSIDE THE MUSEUM

149

The Greek Art Galleries

149

Lore about the Trojan War

150

A Hunt for the Trojan War

151

A Hunt for Homer's Odyssey

158

Lore about Perseus

160

A Hunt for Perseus

161

Lore about Herakles

164

A Hunt for Herakles

166

Lore about Theseus

175

A Hunt for Theseus

178

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Contents

Outside the Greek Art Galleries

184

Greek Mythological and Historical Subjects

184

A Hunt for Perseus

185

A Hunt for Herakles

186

A Hunt for Theseus

188

A Hunt for Myths and Fables

189

A Hunt for the Trojan War

200

A Hunt for Historical Subjects

201

A Hunt for a Kouros

203

CLASS ACTIVITIES

205

Become an Ancient Greek in Name Only

205

Ancient Greek Gods, Goddesses, and Heroes in

Your Neighborhood

207

A Coin for Your Country

208

Something for Your Favorite Beverage

209

LESSON PLANS

211

Commemoration and Memorial in Ancient Greece

211

Ancient Greek Games

216

Ancient Greek Vases

219

RE S OURCE S

225

Timeline

225

The Greek Alphabet

232

Bibliography: Selected Sources for Further Information

233

Videography

242

Web Resources

244

Contents

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