Chapter 5 Part 1: The Culture of Ancient Greece



Chapter 5 Part 1: The Culture of Ancient Greece

I. Greek Mythology

-Belief in many gods or goddesses (polytheism).

-Believed the 12 most important gods lived on Mount Olympus.

-Greek myths were stories about gods and heroes.

-The Greeks followed rituals to win the gods’ favor.

-Belief in prophecy, or predictions about the future.

II. Greek Poetry and Fables

-Greek poems serve as models for European and American poems.

-The first great epics were the Illiad and the Odyssey, written by Homer.

-A slave named Aesop wrote many fables.

III. Greek Drama

-The Greeks used drama as a part of their religious festivals.

-Two types of drama-tragedies and comedies.

-Aeschylus wrote a group of three plays called Oresteia.

-Sophocles wrote Oedipus and Antigone.

-Euripides wrote plays about real life people.

-Aristophanes wrote comedies.

IV. Greek Art and Architecture

-Greek artists believed in the idea of reason, balance, harmony, and moderation.

-Architecture included columns. Also began to use marble.

-Greek sculpture expressed Greek ideas.

Chapter 5 Part 2: Greek Philosophy and History

I. Greek Philosophers

-philosophy-“love of wisdom”

-philosophers believed the human mind could understand everything.

-Pythagoras-taught that the universe followed the same laws that governed music

and numbers.

-Sophists did not believe that gods and goddesses influenced people.

-Socrates-believed that an absolute truth existed and that all real knowledge

was within each person. Tried and sentenced to death.

-Socratic method-uses questions to lead students to discover things for

themselves.

-Plato-Republic-described the ideal government.

Top-rulers and governors

Middle-warriors

Bottom-all others

-Aristotle-opened his own school-Lyceum.

-“golden mean”- a person should do nothing to excess

II. Greek Historians

-Herodotus-“father of history”

-Thucydides- History of the Peloponnesian War

Chapter 5 Part 3: Alexander the Great

I. Macedonia Attacks Greece

-Macedonia-north of Greece

-Philip II –united Greece with Macedonia to defeat Persians.

-Demosthenes-lawyer-tried to warn the Athenians.

II. Alexander Builds an Empire

-Alexander the Great-King of Macedonia after father’s death.

-Conquest of Persian begins in 334 B.C.-Battle of Granicus

Persian forces are destroyed.

-Issus-Persian army defeated and Greek city states are freed. Egypt

and Syria are captured.

-Alexandria-built as center of business-one of most important cities

-323 B.C.- Alexander planned to invade southern Arabia, but fell ill and died.

-Hellenistic Era-Greek language and ideas spread to non-Greek areas

-After Alexander’s death, his generals fought for power-Four kingdoms

emerged.

-New cities were created in the Hellenistic Era.

Chapter 5 Part 4: The Spread of Greek Culture

I. Greek Culture Spreads

-Philosophers, poets, scientists, and writers move to the new cities.

-Hellenistic kings hired Greek architects and sculptors.

-Literature:

Appolonius-Argonautica

Theocritus-short poems about beauty and nature

-plays were about love and relationships

II. Philosophy

-Epicurus-Epicureanism-happiness was a goal of life

-Stoicism-developed by Zeno-happiness comes from reason, not emotions

III. Greek Science and Math

-Astronomers-stars, planets, other heavenly bodies

-Aristarchus-astronomer who claimed sun was at the center of the universe and Earth

revolved around the sun

-Eratosthenes-astronomer who believed that the Earth was round

-Euclid-Greek mathematician-described plane geometry

-Archimedes-scientist-solid geometry-value of pi-invented the catapult

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