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-4336184522Persian Empire MapPersian Empire Map35341516693Persian Empire Political - CyrusPersian Empire Political - Cyrus0484287Persian Empire Political - DariusPersian Empire Political - Darius50735641043Persian Empire CulturePersian Empire Culture946347735987MinoansMinoans38100485907Persian EmpireUnifying(transportation & communication)0Persian EmpireUnifying(transportation & communication)0593203Ancient GreeceGeography(& Impact of Geography)Ancient GreeceGeography(& Impact of Geography)128858593203Ancient GreeceCity-StatesAncient GreeceCity-StatesCyrus the GreatTolerantNo looting or burning Religious Freedom Cyrus’s Cylinder – rights 93366959909 ZoroastrianismAhura MazdaLightParadise dualism Ahriman C/C with Christianity darkDariusProvinces Satraps – governor, bureaucracy Tolerant BUT “king’s eyes & ears,” are inspectors that ensure loyalty within empireRoyal RoadIncreased tradeIncreased use of unified currencyPaid laborers built the road b/c Zoroastrianism forbade slaveryEstablished a system of mail(very reliable mail system)Lived on Island of CreteMajor City of KnossosFine pottery produced and exchanged in Mediterranean Trade (dominated trade)Influenced Greek CultureArchitectureBurial customsReligion Polis – city-state & surrounding land Fundamental political unit of GreeceIndependent governance, varied in social structure and economic activity BUT shared culture (gods, goddesses, language..etc)Mountainous? of the land had mts. Only 20% of land was arableHarsh Physical Geography (mts) and Limited Resources resulted in:Seeking resources via trade and colonizingFormation of independent city-states within GreeceSurrounding Seas – influenced culture & trade890270448310The IliadThe Iliad339725638175The Odyssey The Odyssey 819807452339SpartanSocietySpartanSociety50735641043Greek MytholoyAthenaGreek MytholoyAthena219515248Greek MythologyHeraGreek MythologyHera38100485907Greek MythologyAphrodite0Greek MythologyAphrodite788275425669SpartanPoliticsSpartanPolitics933976425669SpartanSocietySpartanSocietyTakes place after the Trojan WarOdysseus (A King)Difficult journey returning home to Ithaca to reunite with his wife and sonInvolvement/Interference of various Gods/GoddessesHeroic figure for Ancient Greeks “Author” HomerEpic about the Trojan WarAchilles – Greek WarriorHot Headed (ill tempered)Son of Peleus & Thetis (nymph)Kills Hector, Trojan WarriorAdmired by AthenaGods meddle & instigate the war to continueHeroes & story reflect arête – Greek concept of virtue & excellence Focus on military strength and discipline – Boys & Men (Agoge)Women have no political rights BUT have more responsibilities and freedomHelots (conquered peoples – treated as slaves)Farmers make up majority of population Polytheisticmany Gods & Goddessesaddress questions about human behavior, life events, and mysteries of natureNames of Gods and concepts from the Greek stories influence modern words, phrases, and metaphors:Ex. Achilles Heel (weakness) Goddess of Love & Beauty96552815557500Mentioned in The Iliad Goddess of Marriage Married to Zeus, She was very jealous Queen of the Gods155987020438300Mother of Hephaestus, God of Metallurgy, who gave Achilles his armor Citizens – landownersNon-citizens – free people worked in commerce, industryHelots– little more than slaves, servantsSlaves – bottom of society, not free2715614777800 Oligarchy – ruled by a fewCouncil of Elders – proposed laws4840014926700Assembly – land owners, voted on lawsEphors -enforced the lawsTwo Kings795677448310SpartanEducationSpartanEducation623504669706AthensGovernment AthensGovernment 78827310865Athenian GovernmentSolon0Athenian GovernmentSolon200222407582Athenian GovernmentDraco0Athenian GovernmentDraco598805183668Law MakingInSparta(Oligarchy)Law MakingInSparta(Oligarchy)38100233527Law MakingInAthens(Democracy)0Law MakingInAthens(Democracy)486410425450Persian WarsMajor BattlesPersian WarsMajor Battles334361409684AthensCitizens & Non-CitizensAthensCitizens & Non-CitizensKings - MonarchyAristocracy-rules by noble elite-Nobles alienated the majority peopleEventually this led to peasant revolt Tyranny-Cylon, a noble attempted to takes over-Pisistratus, noble/military leader – tyrantDemocracy – Cleisthenes & Council of 500**”All Citizens directly voted in the AssemblyBoys trained from age 7 began the “agoge” trainingAll training & education was focused on producing the best warriorsHarsh, rigorous, competition, floggingsGirls were training was focused towards physical fitness so they were fit for motherhoodAll children were taught loyalty and to put the good of the City-State above themselves Greek LawmakerCreated Greece’s first legal codeContractsLand ownershipDebt slavery Did resolve conflict between nobles and peasants Statesman selected by the aristocrats to address class conflicts *he did not make land reform that could satisfy the common peopleOutlawed debt slaveryAll citizens could participate in the AssemblyCitizens could bring charges against wrongdoersHe took actions that promoted trade Council of 500 – proposed lawsAll Citizens (free-males, at least age 30) was eligible to be selected for the councilAssembly – debated and voted on laws-2169476860600All Citizens (free-males, at least 30) were expected to participate in the group of no less than 6000 to debate/voteCouncil of Elders – proposed laws The Assembly – free adult males (did not debate) ONLY voted yay/nayEphors elected officials that enforced the law (edu & court)Citizens - Free Adult MaleNon-citizens – women, slaves64960510917600 Battle of Marathon (battle near the sea)Athenians vs. PersiansAttack came from across the Aegean Darius (Persian), Pheidippides runs 26.2 miles for warning & dies (Greek)Battle of Thermopylae (land battle)Xerxes (PersianSpartans (lose!) vs. Persians7379306420Persian WarsBeginning EndPersian WarsBeginning End623504669706Persian WarsResults Persian WarsResults Greek City-States feel free & confident! Athens’s victory near Salamis leads to them becoming the leader of a 140 City-State Alliance, DelianDelian alliance drives out the Persians from all surrounding areas *Greeks (esp. Athens) control the Aegean SeaAthens controls other Greek City-States with their powerful Navy BeginningPersians conquer the Ionian Greeks settled in AnatoliaAthens came to help free and defend their fellow GreeksDarius “vows revenge” against AthensThe EndAthens ships trap the Persians in the narrow canal near Salamis Spartans used battering rams to sink 1/3 of the Persian Fleet ................
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