The Ancient Hebrew - Assembly of Yahuah

The Ancient Hebrew

Lexicon of the Bible

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Hebrew Letters, Words and

Roots Defined Within Their

Ancient Cultural Context

Jeff A. Benner

The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible

Cover design by Jeff A. Benner. Ancient Inscription photo taken at the University of

Pennsylvania, Museum of Archeology and Anthropology by the author. The inscription

reads "Sh'ma" meaning hear (see Duet 6.4) and is inscribed on a piece of broken

pottery dated 586 to 450 BCE.

Copyright ??2005 Jeff A. Benner

Any part of this book may be copied for non-profit educational purposes only, without

prior permission.

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The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible

Acknowledgments

I would first like to thank my wife Denise for her patience and

encouragement. I am extremely blessed to have been privileged with her

as a gift from above and the one who has been my continual companion

and confidant. She has always supported me in this endeavor and

allowed me the space and time for research and writing. Without her

devotion and inspiration this work would never have come to fruition.

I am also grateful to Dr. Larry S. Hirsch. Without his initial introduction

into Hebrew thought and language and his instruction in Biblical studies

I would never have started this journey into the Ancient Hebrew thought,

culture and language.

Also my friend Michael Calpino who continually supported my studies

in the Hebrew language, listened to my discoveries and assisted me by

working out many word and root origins and meanings.

I would also like to thank the hundreds of people who have supported

my work at the Ancient Hebrew Research Center Website with their

suggestions, corrections and encouragement.

There are also many great Hebrew scholars who, with their research and

work, have laid the foundations for me and others interested in the

Hebrew culture and language who are much deserving of our thanks.

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The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................... 4

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 9

PURPOSE OF THE LEXICON ....................................................................................... 9

The written word ................................................................................................. 9

The word meaning ............................................................................................... 9

Where is the Hebrew? ......................................................................................... 9

The original Hebrew ........................................................................................... 9

PERSPECTIVE OF THE LEXICON ............................................................................... 10

WEBSITE ............................................................................................................... 11

ANCIENT HEBREW THOUGHT......................................................................... 12

ABSTRACT AND CONCRETE .................................................................................... 12

APPEARANCE AND FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS ...................................................... 13

STATIC AND DYNAMIC ........................................................................................... 14

THE ANCIENT HEBREW ALPHABET............................................................... 15

EVOLUTION OF THE HEBREW ALPHABET ................................................................ 15

THE AYIN AND GHAH ............................................................................................ 17

One Word - Two Meanings ................................................................................ 17

Greek Transliterations of the Ghah .................................................................... 18

Impact on Ancient Hebrew Studies..................................................................... 18

THE SAMECH, SHIN AND SIN .................................................................................. 19

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ORIGINAL HEBREW ALPHABET ....................................... 19

Letter Characteristics ........................................................................................ 20

THE RECONSTRUCTED ALPHABET................................................................ 21

AL ........................................................................................................................ 21

BET ....................................................................................................................... 22

GAM ..................................................................................................................... 23

DAL ...................................................................................................................... 23

HEY ...................................................................................................................... 24

WAW .................................................................................................................... 24

ZAN ...................................................................................................................... 25

HHETS................................................................................................................... 26

THET ..................................................................................................................... 26

YAD ...................................................................................................................... 27

KAPH .................................................................................................................... 27

LAM ...................................................................................................................... 28

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