Modern Indian History - Tutorialspoint

Indian History

About the Tutorial

History is a subject that gives the facts and perspectives of past events. In its given premises, it includes a wide range of topics such geographical conditions and human settlements, society and cultures; type of governance and administrative systems; trade and economic policy; interstate relationships; wars and battles, etc. in the time frame of Ancient, Medieval, and Modern. So, History is one of the essential disciplines of Social Science to know the past and design the future accordingly. This tutorial is divided into different chapters and explains the concept of historical facts in a given time frame-work.

Audience

This tutorial is designed exclusively for the students preparing for the different competitive exams including civil services, banking, railway, eligibility test, and all other competitive exams of such kind.

Prerequisites

This tutorial is entirely based on NCERT History Old Books (class 8th to 12th); all the important points, concepts, and facts are filtered carefully; therefore, prior knowledge of basic History or else having experience of reading NCERT History books is essential to understand the topics.

Disclaimer & Copyright

Copyright 2021 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute, or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher. We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness, or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at contact@

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Indian History

Table of Contents

About the Tutorial...................................................................................................................................1 Audience .................................................................................................................................................1 Prerequisites ...........................................................................................................................................1 Disclaimer & Copyright............................................................................................................................1 Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................2

DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE...........................................................................................12 BAHADUR SHAH I ..............................................................................................................14 JAHANDAR SHAH ...............................................................................................................16 FARRUKH SIYAR .................................................................................................................18 MUHAMMAD SHAH...........................................................................................................21 NADIR SHAH'S OUTBREAK .................................................................................................23 AHMED SHAH ABDALI........................................................................................................25 CAUSES OF DECLINE OF MUGHAL EMPIRE ........................................................................27

Political Cause .......................................................................................................................................27 Religious Cause .....................................................................................................................................28 Wars of Succession & Civil Wars............................................................................................................28 Foreign Invasion ....................................................................................................................................30

SOUTH INDIAN STATES IN 18TH CENTURY ..........................................................................31

Hyderabad and the Carnatic..................................................................................................................32 Mysore .................................................................................................................................................. 33 Kerala .................................................................................................................................................... 36

NORTH INDIAN STATES IN 18TH CENTURY..........................................................................38

Avadh .................................................................................................................................................... 38

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Indian History

The Rajput States ..................................................................................................................................39 The Jats .................................................................................................................................................41 Bangash and Rohelas ............................................................................................................................41 The Sikhs ...............................................................................................................................................42 Punjab ................................................................................................................................................... 44 Bengal ...................................................................................................................................................45

MARATHA POWER.............................................................................................................47

Rise & Fall of Martha Empire.................................................................................................................47 Balaji Vishwanath..................................................................................................................................47

ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN 18TH CENTURY.......................................................................53

Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................53 Trade ..................................................................................................................................................... 53

SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN 18TH CENTURY..............................................................................57

Hindu ....................................................................................................................................................57 Muslim ..................................................................................................................................................58

STATUS OF WOMEN ..........................................................................................................59 ARTS AND PAINTINGS........................................................................................................62

Literary Works.......................................................................................................................................63

SOCIAL LIFE........................................................................................................................ 64

Education ..............................................................................................................................................64

THE BEGINNINGS OF EUROPEAN TRADE ...........................................................................66

Trade Routes.........................................................................................................................................66

THE PORTUGUESE .............................................................................................................69

Decline of Portuguese ...........................................................................................................................73

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Indian History

THE DUTCH........................................................................................................................74 THE ENGLISH ..................................................................................................................... 76 EAST INDIA COMPANY (1600-1744) .................................................................................. 79

The Beginning and Growth of East India Company ................................................................................79

INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY...................................................................83

Company's Factories in India.................................................................................................................85

ANGLO-FRENCH STRUGGLE IN SOUTH INDIA.....................................................................86

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................86 Dupleix .................................................................................................................................................. 87

THE BRITISH CONQUEST OF INDIA.....................................................................................91

The British Occupation of Bengal ..........................................................................................................91 Dual Administrative System in Bengal...................................................................................................92

MYSORE CONQUEST..........................................................................................................94

Haider Ali ..............................................................................................................................................94 Tipu Sultan ............................................................................................................................................95

LORD WELLESLEY (1798-1805) .......................................................................................... 97

Administrative Plans of Wellesley .........................................................................................................97 Subsidiary Alliance ................................................................................................................................98 Chiefs of Maratha Empire....................................................................................................................100

LORD HASTINGS .............................................................................................................. 102 CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH POWER .............................................................................. 106

Conquest of Sindh ...............................................................................................................................106 Conquest of Punjab .............................................................................................................................106

LORD DALHOUSIE (1848-1856)........................................................................................109 4

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