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RESEARCH PROJECTEAPP – HUMANITIESAncient Civilisations Research ProjectFor this project, you will:Investigate two ancient civilizationsPrepare a 5 to 10 minute PowerPoint presentation explaining the key elements of these civilisationsWrite an essay comparing/contrasting two ancient civilizationsPart One: Choose two ancient civilisations that interest you and research them.Part Two: Create a 5 to 10 minute PowerPoint presentation.Part Three: Present your project to the class.Part Four: Use the listening sheet to take notes on your classmates’ presentations.Part Five: Use what you have learned to write a 5-paragraph essay comparing and contrasting two [or more] ancient civilisations.Part One: RESEARCHChoose two [2] ancient civilisations that interest you from the following list:AssyriansAztecsBabyloniansChavinIncasIndus Valley CivilisationMayansMesopotamiansOlmecPersiansSumeriansHelpful Internet sites: NOTES:Time PeriodWhen did this civilization begin? When did this civilization end?GeographyWhere was the civilization located?What is that place called today?What type of geographic setting exists there? [mountains, lakes, oceans, etc.]GovernmentWho was the ruler of this civilization?How was this civilization organized?Did they have rules/laws?ReligionWhat kind of religion did they have?Did they worship one God [monotheistic], or many Gods [polytheistic] Did they believe in life after death?TechnologyWhat was the major contribution of this civilization to the world at their time?What inventions/innovations did they have?How did they build their buildings, roads, etc. What farming techniques did they use?Can we still see any evidence of lasting contributions today?WritingWhat type of writing did they have?Art/ArchitectureWhat was the main form of art in this civilization?What was their architecture [buildings] like?What can we learn about them from their art?Part Two: POWERPOINTPrepare a PowerPoint document that you will present to the class. It should include information about the following key elements of the civilisations:Time Period [when did the civilization begin & how long did it last?]Geography [location, description of the setting]GovernmentReligionTechnology [Inventions and/or Contributions]WritingArts & ArchitectureEach key element should be on a separate slide.Part Three: ORAL PRESENTATION [5 to 10 minutes]Stand up and speak LOUDLY and CLEARLY.Include IMAGES on each slide that illustrate [show] what you are talking about.Do NOT type too much text onto each slide and then just read during your presentation.Give your presentation IN YOUR OWN WORDS.Part Four: LISTENINGUse this listening chart to help you write notes as you listen to your classmates’ presentations. These notes will help you write the comparative essay. You will hand in this sheet so take careful notes. Ask questions if you miss something.KEY ELEMENTCIVILISATION:CIVILISATION:Time Period Geography GovernmentReligionTechnology [Inventions and/or Contributions]WritingArts & ArchitecturePart Five: ESSAYChoose two of the ancient civilizations that the class has studied and write an essay comparing these. Include one of the civilisations that you researched and one that was researched by one of your classmates. For your points of contrast you should choose three key elements to focus on.Follow this outline as you write your essay:Comparison/Contrast Essay OutlineA Contrast of Civilisation X and Civilisation YI. Introduction (Include a hook and a thesis statement including the points of contrast 1,2, and 3)ic Sentence: Point of Contrast 1 A. Civilisation X1. Detail or example2. Detail or exampleB. Civilisation Y 1. Detail or example2. Detail or ic Sentence: Point of Contrast 2 A. Civilisation X1. Detail or example2. Detail or exampleB. Civilisation Y 1. Detail or example2. Detail or ic Sentence: Point of Contrast 3 A. Civilisation X1. Detail or example2. Detail or exampleB. Civilisation Y 1. Detail or example2. Detail or exampleV.Conclusion(with a summary of points, a restatement of thesis, and a final comment)Example of a Comparative Essay: Comparing Cats and DogsIntroductionCats and dogs make excellent pets, but you must think about pet management, the cost of owning the pet, and whether the pet will need special accommodation before you decide which pet will be the right one for you.ic Sentence: Point of contrast 1 Cats do not change their owner’s lifestyle as much as dogs do.A: Cats1. Detail: Don’t have to be watched during the day 2. Detail: Easier to get care if the owner travels B: Dogs 1. Detail: Shouldn’t be left alone 2. Detail: Harder to get care when the owner is away2. Topic Sentence: Point of contrast 2Cats are less expensive to own and care for than dogs.A: Cats 1.Detail: Food and health care are usually less expensive 2.Detail: Less likely to cause property damage B: Dogs1. Detail: Food is more expensive 2. Detail: Over-breeding causes some health problems3. Topic Sentence: Point of contrast 3Cats don’t need special accommodation.A: Cats 1. Detail: Don’t take up much space2. Detail: Less trouble B: Dogs 1. Detail: Often need a yard and a fence 2. Detail: Require more safety and protective measuresConclusionWhen considering adopting a pet, a prospective owner must consider their lifestyle, finances, and household accommodations that the pet would require. Owners who do not compare these aspects will often not care for their pet in a safe manner.Cats and DogsCats and dogs make excellent pets, but an appropriate choice depends on pet management, cost, and accommodations.The first difference between cats and dogs is management. Cats don’t have to be watched during the day. It is easier to get care for a cat if the owner travels. In contrast, dogs shouldn’t be left alone. They may get in trouble if they are left by themselves. And it is more difficult to find a good dog resort or someone to look after the dog if the owner travels.The second difference is cost. Cats are less expensive to own and take care of. Food and health care costs are usually fairly low. Also, cats are less likely to damage property or hurt themselves. On the other hand, dogs often chew on furniture, damage gates or fences and sometimes they get into fights and hurt themselves.The final difference is accommodations. Cats don’t take up much space. They don’t need a large area to run around and they can take care of themselves most of the time. They don’t cause trouble to their owners or other people. Dogs, however, often need a yard or a fence. And because they like to bark and run around, they need more safety and protective measures.When considering adopting a pet, you must consider the management, cost and accommodations that the pet would require. Owners who don’t think about these aspects will often not care for their pet in a safe manner.Useful phrases:The first similarity/difference is…One similarity…Another point they have in common…A further similarity…Also, …However, …One difference is…Another difference is…A further dissimilarity…In contrast…On the other hand…Finally….…and……but……so…Editing checklist:Did you…〇 Spell all the words correctly?〇 Write in complete sentences?〇 Use a capital letter at the beginning of each sentence?〇 Use a period at the end of each sentence?Word Bank: AgricultureAncientArchitectureCalendarCityCivilisationClimateCommunicateCompareContrastContributionCultureCuneiformDescribeDesertEvidenceExplainHieroglyphicsHighlandsInnovationInvestigateIrrigationLabelLivestockLocationMonotheisticPapyrusPlowPolytheisticPresentReflectSettlementSickleSimilarStylusSummary/summariseTechnologyTimelineTransportationUnlikeVillageForming Comparative and Superlative AdjectivesOne-syllable adjectives.Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.One-Syllable AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative FormtalltallertallestoldolderoldestlonglongerlongestMary is taller than Max.Mary is the tallest of all the students.Max is older than John.Of the three students, Max is the oldest.My hair is longer than your hair.Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form and –st for the superlative form.One-Syllable Adjective with Final -eComparative FormSuperlative FormlargelargerlargestwisewiserwisestMary's car is larger than Max's car.Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block.Max is wiser than his brother.Max is the wisest person I know.If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the consonant and add –est for the superlative form.One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a Single Consonant with a Single Vowel before ItComparative FormSuperlative FormbigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnestfatfatterfattestMy dog is bigger than your dog.My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood.Max is thinner than John.Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.My mother is fatter than your mother.Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen.Two-syllable adjectives. With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.Two-Syllable AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative Formpeacefulmore peacefulmost peacefulpleasantmore pleasantmost pleasantcarefulmore carefulmost carefulthoughtfulmore thoughtfulmost thoughtfulThis morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.Max is more careful than Mike.Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est.Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -yComparative FormSuperlative FormhappyhappierhappiestangryangrierangriestbusybusierbusiestJohn is happier today than he was yesterday.John is the happiest boy in the world.Max is angrier than Mary.Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.Mary is busier than Max.Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the comparative and superlative forms.Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -er, -le, or -owComparative FormSuperlative FormnarrownarrowernarrowestgentlegentlergentlestThe roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.Adjectives with three or more syllables. For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.Adjective with Three or More SyllablesComparative FormSuperlative Formgenerousmore generousmost generousimportantmore importantmost importantintelligentmore intelligentmost intelligentJohn is more generous than Jack.John is the most generous of all the people I know.Health is more important than money.Of all the people I know, Max is the most important.Women are more intelligent than men.Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.Exceptions.Irregular adjectives:Irregular AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative FormgoodbetterbestbadworseworstfarfartherfarthestlittlelessleastmanymoremostItalian food is better than American food.My dog is the best dog in the world.My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and with more and most.Two-Syllable AdjectiveComparative FormSuperlative Formclevercleverercleverestclevermore clevermost clevergentlegentlergentlestgentlemore gentlemost gentlefriendlyfriendlierfriendliestfriendlymore friendlymost friendlyquietquieterquietestquietmore quietmost quietsimplesimplersimplestsimplemore simplemost simpleBig dogs are gentler than small dogs.Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.Grammar worksheets taken from: ................
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