Unit IV - Kingdoms of the Americas and Africa



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Ancient Kingdoms of Africa

Before European explorers began to dominate Africa, many African kingdoms prospered. Between 1000 BCE and 600 CE, north African rulers and Muslim merchants constructed a string of commercial city-states down the East African Coast. These coastal trading cities linked India and China to inner Africa.

On the other side of the continent, West African peoples built a series of similar kingdoms: Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.  All three kingdoms were influenced by the spread of Islam, were wealthy and were strong due to vast trading networks across the Sahara desert, mainly exporting gold for salt. In Mali, the emperor Mansa Musa was famous for his pilgrimage to Mecca, which increased trade between Mali and the Muslim Empire. Muslim scholars helped the city of Timbuktu become a center of learning.

Traditional African art is often religious.  Religious statues and masks were carved from ivory, wood, and bronze.  African history and folktales were usually passed orally through generations. 

HW1: Africa Map and Questions

1. Using the PHYSICAL MAP on page 987 of your book, locate the items below and put on your map of Africa.

|Atlantic Ocean |Great Rift Valley |

|Indian Ocean |Sahara Desert |

|Red Sea |Kalahari Desert |

|Mediterranean Sea |Namib Desert |

|Nile River |Atlas Mountains |

|Lake Tanganyika |Prime Meridian |

|Niger River |Equator |

|Congo River (Zaire River) | |

|Lake Victoria | |

|Lake Chad | |

2. Using the AFRICAN KINGDOMS map on page 295, locate and label all of the items on the list below and place on the map of Africa.

Color and label where each of the African kingdoms where located.

Nubia

Axum

Mali

Songhai

2. Draw in the trade routes.

3. Label the following cities on the map.

Tunis

Tripoli

Cairo

Mecca

Timbuktu

Mogadishu

Mombasa

Great Zimbabwe

Map of Africa

HW1: Africa Map and Questions

Use p. 284-286 in your textbook answer the following questions.

1. Africa’s largest and most populated climatic zone is ______________________________________

2. Describe THREE ways that Africa’s geography has made movement of people and goods difficult?

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3. What is desertification? ___________________________________________________________

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4. What two products dominated Saharan trade? __________________________________________

5. Why did African people need salt in their diet? __________________________________________

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Use p.289-293 in your textbook answer the following questions.

6. What kingdom was established in western African in 800CE? ______________________________

7. What was the influence of Islam on the kingdom of Ghana? (In other words, what ideas did came to Ghana from the Muslims that settled there?) __________________________________________

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8. Who was the greatest emperor of Mali? Explain why he is remembered this way. ______________

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10. Describe the pilgrimage or hajj made by Mansa Musa. ___________________________________

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11. Explain at least 3 effects of Mansa Musa’s hajj. _________________________________________

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13. Describe Timbuktu._______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

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Use pages 297-301 in your textbook answer the following questions in complete sentences.

19 . Define slash-and-burn agriculture and state whether YOU THINK it’s an effective farming method. ___________________________________________________________________________

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20. What is the difference between living with the nuclear family and the joint family? ____________

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21. What is the difference between patrilineal and matrilineal? ______________________________

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