Ancient Rome – Chapter 6



Ancient Rome – Chapter 6

A. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.

THE ORIGINS: According to legend, two brothers, _____________ and _______________ founded Rome. Abandoned on the _______ River they were raised by a she-wolf. Its geographic position placed it in a strategic location. Over a period of 500 years three groups populated this area of the Italian peninsula. The ________, the ________________ and the____________. Each group made different contributions:

• The Latins are considered to be the first Romans as they are the first settlers of the area. They were __________ and __________________.

• The Greeks established colonies all over the Mediterranean Basin region. Several in southern Italy. They introduced the Romans how to grow ________________ and ___________________.

• The Etruscans lived in Northern Italy and were skilled _________________________ and ___________________. They were a big influence on the Romans and influenced them in ________________ and ____________________.

THE ROMAN REPBULIC

Before the Republic, during the very early part of Rome, control was by _________. But, this doesn’t last and the Romans establish a new government called a ________________________. It was during this time that laws were established called ________________________________ that gave the idea all citizens had the right to ____________________________________________________. The government had two officials called __________________ who commanded the army and ran the government & the ____________________ was the aristocratic branch of the govt.

Expansion

While Alexander was building his empire, Rome was establishing itself in Italy and by 265 BCE Rome is in control of the Italian Peninsula. The Romans conquests of other groups were all handled differently, with the ultimate goal of assimilation or what is called ________________________. This procedure, along with their military is what helped make them a great empire. Its location was strategic for _____________________. (Remember, who controls the trade in the Mediterranean, is the big dog) The big dog right now is a city named ___________________________ on the tip of North Africa, and for Rome that will just not do.

Punic Wars

___________________ VS __________________: There are a total of 3 wars and it all begins in _______ and lasts until _______. Its all for the control of trade in the Mediterranean. Rome wins the first war but it is the second war that the brilliant military strategist named _____________________ threatened to capture Rome. It was General ______________ who finally was able to come up with a plan to defeat Hannibal. His strategy was to:

By the 3rd Punic War, Carthage was no longer a threat but folks remembered during the 2nd war and wanted revenge. Carthage was destroyed and made a Roman province. Now Rome is in control of the western Mediterranean.

Enter Caesar

In _______ Caesar joins forces with ________________ and _________________. Using them, he is elected as ___________. They form a _______________________ which lasts for 10 yrs., but he is only consul for 1 yr. Then he is governor of __________. It takes him years to conquer this area, but during this time his troops support and admire him completely. His popularity is on the rise because of his conquests. Pompey, who is still back in Rome, tells Caesar to come home without his troops. This doesn’t happen. Pompey runs; his troops are beat all over the place and in _________ he returns home to Rome and by 44 he is named ___________________. He makes a lot of changes which makes the poor in Rome love him. But, others are jealous and don’t like all the power he has garnered. So, they decide to get rid of him. On __________________________________, the ___________________________ Caesar is brutally murdered by a group of __________________ (including his “friends”). He was stabbed to death; his last words were _____________________________. The republic period ends with his death.

The Origins of Empire

Caesar also had supporters, who would later go after all of those involved with Caesar’s death. Caesar’s nephew ___________________, who was also his adopted son, a general named _____________________ and a powerful politician named _____________________. In ___________ they formed the _______________________________ and ruled for ten years. The triumvirate did not work & they became enemies. Antony hooks up with ________________ in Anatolia and he follows her back to _______________. Octavian knows her ways from her relationship with his uncle. So, Octavian says that Antony is going to try and get control of Rome from Egypt. The __________________________ in _______ settles this problem and the two lovers commit suicide. Now, Octavian is the undisputed ruler of Rome and takes the title of _____________________.

The Empire

Octavian takes the name Augustus. Now Rome is in the Empire Period. Also, with the ascension of Augustus come a period of peace and prosperity called ___________________________________. Rome’s economy is based on ________________________ and ______________________. They did not have to import food. (Most of it came from Carthage). It is during this era that most of the building projects took place, which included the ____________________ and the ___________________________. Also many roads were built for trade and transportation purposes. It was the _______________________________ who built the roads. Problems in the empire began with the question of _______. You had 5 good emperors and 5 bad emperors. It is after the death of the last, great emperor _____________________ that the empire begins to fall and _____________________________ ends. But what about daily life? You have a million people in town - how do you provide for them? Well, let’s see….you provide entertainment! They had _______________________, the __________________________ which provided mock battles, gladiator contests and other various bloody forms of entertainment.

Religion in the Empire

It is during the empire period that _______________________ originates. Christianity is founded by ____________ who is born between ______________ in the town of _______________________ in ________________. This is a roman province. When he is around the age of 30 he begins his teachings. Because Jesus was considered a threat to the powerbase of the Roman Empire and because the Jewish court, called the ________________________ felt he was also a threat to their power in the region, Jesus was put to death. Many people considered Jesus to be the __________, or the son of God. The Sanhedrin ______________ that he was and the Roman governor, ______________________ challenged the authority of Rome (his). So he was sentenced to death by _________. Christianity grows and grows until it becomes world wide (their world). The early Christian church is organized in a hierarchal structure. The ____________ is the head of the church. Peter is considered to be the first pope. Then there were _______________________ who were over several churches in a region. Then you would have the local ___________ who led the small groups of Christians. Emperor _________________ is the one who changes it all for the religion. He accepts Christianity after in ________________ he wins a significant battle and credits God for this victory. Then in _______________ he ends the persecutions of the Christians and declares Christianity as an approved Roman religion by issuing the:

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Rome has problems in three areas: __________________________, ______________________ & _______________.

Early, in AD 284, the emperor _____________________ sees a problem and he decides to divide the empire into the ___________ and __________________. The east is Greek speaking and wealthy – The west is Latin speaking and poor. Later by AD 324, Constantine takes over both the east and western empires – he moves the capital to __________ and renames it ______________________. It doesn’t last – the ______________ falls – thus the end of the Western Roman Empire. The east survives until the 15th century. (1453). The West is invaded by the _____________________. Groups included the _________________, who laid siege to Rome and conquered it; ________________________, led by Attila came later and they finished off the rest of the Western Roman Empire.

The Heritage of Rome

A new culture is born as a result of Roman expansion: ___________________________, which is a blend of Greek and Roman. The Romans greatly admired the Greek’s works of sculpture. They copied many works of art, but also came up with their own things like - _____________________, _____________________ and ___________________ painting. Much of this art has been preserved in the city of _______________________ which was destroyed in ____________ by the volcano _________________________. Literature also excelled especially in History. The world’s first historian was ______________________________ who wrote the ________________ and __________________. Some of the best things the Romans left was in their architecture. Their invention of the ___________________, _____________ and _____________________ helped create many great works that still stand today. Examples: _____________________, ______________________________ and the __________________________. Roman principles in law can still be found in American society today: Equal ________________; Innocent until proven ___________________; and any law that seems unfair can be set aside.

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