World History I
Global Studies I-SOL Review-Ancient Rome
Geography
Rome is located on the _______________ Peninsula that extends into the _____________________ Sea. Rome’s location was an advantage because
• It was a natural crossroads for _________, cultural exchange, and conquest
• The seas surrounding the Italian Peninsula and the ___________ (mountains) provided them protection from invading forces
Religion
Roman mythology was based on Rome’s ___________________ religion. Roman mythology explained natural ________________ and life events. Roman mythology influenced Roman culture, politics, and arts which still influences modern western culture. Roman gods and goddesses were based on _______________ mythology.
Important Roman gods and goddesses were:
• _____________ – chief god
• _____________ – patron goddess of women
• Diana – goddess of the moon
• _____________ – god of the sun
• Minerva – goddess of ____________
• Venus – goddess of ___________
Social Structure and Achievement:
The Roman Republic contained three classes:
• ______________ – nobility and few in number
• ______________ – most of the population, including landowners, townspeople, merchants, and small farmers
• __________ – people forced into service, usually from conquests (prisoners of war)
Citizenship was held by all _____________ and ___________ men, and was given to a few foreigners. All citizens could vote, had to pay ____________, and serve in the ________. During the republic, __________ consuls were elected by the Assembly to serve for one ____________ only. They had the power to veto. The Senate and the Assembly were made up of _______________. The plebians will gain rights later in the Republic when the tribune represents them.
The written code of laws in Rome was called the __________________.
Wars with Carthage
The Roman Republic and _________________, located on the coast of North ____________, competed for _____________ and power in the Mediterranean Sea.
• The Roman Republic fought three wars against Carthage, winning each one.
• ______________ of Carthage invaded the Roman peninsula crossing the ___________ (with elephants).
• With the defeat of Carthage, Rome controlled the ___________________ Basin and began its conquest of Western Europe.
• The Mediterranean Basin included parts of E_____________, A__________, and A____________.
Continued conquests by Rome led to
• The spread of __________-__________ culture
• Expanded trade
• Changes in the character of the Roman army
• Great wealth for Rome
End of the Republic
After the ____________ Wars, the conditions of the farmers worsened because
• Large landowners used ______________
• Small landowners could not compete, lost their land, and migrated to ___________
• There was _____________________ in cities
Julius Caesar had led Rome in the conquest of __________, and part of the British Isles.
• Julius Caesar was named ______________ for life by the Senate and then he was __________________________ in 44BC.
• Augustus Caesar (also known as _________________) became the first emperor of Rome after defeating those that murdered Julius Caesar.
Reasons for the decline of the Roman Republic:
• Spread of _________________ on the farms and large estates
• The migration of small farmers to cities and the resulting unemployment
• Civil _____________ over the power of Julius Caesar
• Devaluation of Roman _________________ and inflation
• Failure to provide for rules of ________________ of ____________
Pax Romana (“________ ___ _________”)
The Pax Romana was ______________________ years of peace following the leadership of __________________ Caesar.
The economic impacts of the Pax Romana were:
• Established common ______________, or uniform system of money (helped trade)
• Guaranteed safe _____________ and ____________ on Roman roads
• Promoted prosperity and stability
The social impacts of the Pax Romana were:
• Returned social stability (stable ________ _______________)
• Increased emphasis on the _____________
The political impacts of the Pax Romana were:
• Created a civil service system
• Developed a uniform rule of law that became the foundations for law in Western Europe
Origins of Christianity
• Had roots in _________________
• Was led by ______________ of Nazareth, who was proclaimed the ____________
Basic Christian beliefs are as follows:
• ________________ – belief in one God
• Jesus is the __________ of __________
• Life after death
• All people are _______________ before God
• _______ ________________ contained accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus
Christianity was established by
• Writings and teachings of apostles and missionaries
• Religious assemblies
• Paul – __________________
Christianity was in conflict with the Roman Empire because
• Monotheism in conflict with ____________________
• Persistence of early Christians led to ________________ (mainly by the emperor, ______)
______________________ converted to Christianity and ended persecution. Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.
Impacts of the Church of Rome (Christian Church) in the late Roman Empire
• Church became the source of _____________ authority
• Loyalty to the church over loyalty to the _______________
• Church became main unifying force of Western Europe
Contributions of Roman Empire
Romans adopted and expanded Greek achievements in religion, philosophy, architecture, arts, and science. The most important contributions were:
• Art/architecture: the ______________ (temple to all gods), ______________, and forum
• Technology: _________________ and roads
• Science: Ptolemy’s map with the earth at the center of the universe
• Language: __________ and Romance languages
• Literature: Virgil’s ________________
• Religion: Roman mythology and Christianity
• Law: _________ ____________ and ‘Innocent until proven guilty”
• Medicine: emphasis on public health with public ____________ and medical schools
Causes of the fall of the Roman Empire (476AD)
• Economy: high cost of defending the empire and devaluation of Roman currency (_______________)
• Military: army membership changed as ________________ were allowed to join (lack of _________________)
• Moral decay: people lost faith in the empire and families began to fall apart
• Political problems: no set laws of _________________ (led to frequent civil wars)
• Invasions: barbarian attacks (by _________________ tribes from the north)
______________ divided the empire into eastern and western regions. Emperor Constantine built a new capital at ________________ and renamed it __________________. The Western Roman Empire survived until ________ AD when it ceased to have a Roman emperor. The Eastern Roman Empire became the ________________________________
Identify the following structures:
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