World History I



Global Studies I-SOL Review-Ancient Rome

Geography

Rome is located on the _______________ Peninsula that extends into the _____________________ Sea. Rome’s location was an advantage because

• It was a natural crossroads for _________, cultural exchange, and conquest

• The seas surrounding the Italian Peninsula and the ___________ (mountains) provided them protection from invading forces

Religion

Roman mythology was based on Rome’s ___________________ religion. Roman mythology explained natural ________________ and life events. Roman mythology influenced Roman culture, politics, and arts which still influences modern western culture. Roman gods and goddesses were based on _______________ mythology.

Important Roman gods and goddesses were:

• _____________ – chief god

• _____________ – patron goddess of women

• Diana – goddess of the moon

• _____________ – god of the sun

• Minerva – goddess of ____________

• Venus – goddess of ___________

Social Structure and Achievement:

The Roman Republic contained three classes:

• ______________ – nobility and few in number

• ______________ – most of the population, including landowners, townspeople, merchants, and small farmers

• __________ – people forced into service, usually from conquests (prisoners of war)

Citizenship was held by all _____________ and ___________ men, and was given to a few foreigners. All citizens could vote, had to pay ____________, and serve in the ________. During the republic, __________ consuls were elected by the Assembly to serve for one ____________ only. They had the power to veto. The Senate and the Assembly were made up of _______________. The plebians will gain rights later in the Republic when the tribune represents them.

The written code of laws in Rome was called the __________________.

Wars with Carthage

The Roman Republic and _________________, located on the coast of North ____________, competed for _____________ and power in the Mediterranean Sea.

• The Roman Republic fought three wars against Carthage, winning each one.

• ______________ of Carthage invaded the Roman peninsula crossing the ___________ (with elephants).

• With the defeat of Carthage, Rome controlled the ___________________ Basin and began its conquest of Western Europe.

• The Mediterranean Basin included parts of E_____________, A__________, and A____________.

Continued conquests by Rome led to

• The spread of __________-__________ culture

• Expanded trade

• Changes in the character of the Roman army

• Great wealth for Rome

End of the Republic

After the ____________ Wars, the conditions of the farmers worsened because

• Large landowners used ______________

• Small landowners could not compete, lost their land, and migrated to ___________

• There was _____________________ in cities

Julius Caesar had led Rome in the conquest of __________, and part of the British Isles.

• Julius Caesar was named ______________ for life by the Senate and then he was __________________________ in 44BC.

• Augustus Caesar (also known as _________________) became the first emperor of Rome after defeating those that murdered Julius Caesar.

Reasons for the decline of the Roman Republic:

• Spread of _________________ on the farms and large estates

• The migration of small farmers to cities and the resulting unemployment

• Civil _____________ over the power of Julius Caesar

• Devaluation of Roman _________________ and inflation

• Failure to provide for rules of ________________ of ____________

Pax Romana (“________ ___ _________”)

The Pax Romana was ______________________ years of peace following the leadership of __________________ Caesar.

The economic impacts of the Pax Romana were:

• Established common ______________, or uniform system of money (helped trade)

• Guaranteed safe _____________ and ____________ on Roman roads

• Promoted prosperity and stability

The social impacts of the Pax Romana were:

• Returned social stability (stable ________ _______________)

• Increased emphasis on the _____________

The political impacts of the Pax Romana were:

• Created a civil service system

• Developed a uniform rule of law that became the foundations for law in Western Europe

Origins of Christianity

• Had roots in _________________

• Was led by ______________ of Nazareth, who was proclaimed the ____________

Basic Christian beliefs are as follows:

• ________________ – belief in one God

• Jesus is the __________ of __________

• Life after death

• All people are _______________ before God

• _______ ________________ contained accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus

Christianity was established by

• Writings and teachings of apostles and missionaries

• Religious assemblies

• Paul – __________________

Christianity was in conflict with the Roman Empire because

• Monotheism in conflict with ____________________

• Persistence of early Christians led to ________________ (mainly by the emperor, ______)

______________________ converted to Christianity and ended persecution. Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire.

Impacts of the Church of Rome (Christian Church) in the late Roman Empire

• Church became the source of _____________ authority

• Loyalty to the church over loyalty to the _______________

• Church became main unifying force of Western Europe

Contributions of Roman Empire

Romans adopted and expanded Greek achievements in religion, philosophy, architecture, arts, and science. The most important contributions were:

• Art/architecture: the ______________ (temple to all gods), ______________, and forum

• Technology: _________________ and roads

• Science: Ptolemy’s map with the earth at the center of the universe

• Language: __________ and Romance languages

• Literature: Virgil’s ________________

• Religion: Roman mythology and Christianity

• Law: _________ ____________ and ‘Innocent until proven guilty”

• Medicine: emphasis on public health with public ____________ and medical schools

Causes of the fall of the Roman Empire (476AD)

• Economy: high cost of defending the empire and devaluation of Roman currency (_______________)

• Military: army membership changed as ________________ were allowed to join (lack of _________________)

• Moral decay: people lost faith in the empire and families began to fall apart

• Political problems: no set laws of _________________ (led to frequent civil wars)

• Invasions: barbarian attacks (by _________________ tribes from the north)

______________ divided the empire into eastern and western regions. Emperor Constantine built a new capital at ________________ and renamed it __________________. The Western Roman Empire survived until ________ AD when it ceased to have a Roman emperor. The Eastern Roman Empire became the ________________________________

Identify the following structures:

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