ANCIENT WORLD: CIVILIZATIONS AND RELIGIONS (4000 B
A. Ancient World: Civilizations and Religions (4000 B.C. – 500 A.D.)
I. Early Peoples, River Valley Civilizations and Ancient Empires
A. Early peoples
1. hunters and gatherers
2. adapt to environment – acquisition of food
3. spiritual beliefs
4. migration – cultural diffusion
B. Neolithic Revolution: what climate changes led to its development?
1. impact of agriculture
2. permanent settlements
3. new social classes
4. new technology
C. Rise of Civilizations: how are they connected to the agricultural revolution?
1. characteristics of a civilization – basic features
2. development of cities
3. traditional economy
4. polytheistic
5. specialization and development of social classes
6. art and architecture
7. writing systems
D. Compare and Contrast River Valley Civilizations: why did civilizations develop near rivers?
1. Egypt/Nile River (Egyptian Civilization)
2. Fertile Crescent (Sumerian, Babylonian, Phoenician, Assyrian, Perisan)
3. Indus Valley/Indus River (Indus Valley Cities and Arayans)
4. China/Huang He River (Shang and Chou Civilization)
FOR EACH RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION KNOW THE FOLLOWING
A. Geography: impact on development
B. Economics: farming and irrigation > surplus > specialization > urbanization
C. Political Systems: government
1. purpose: why did the first governments arise?
2. decision making: who made decisions?
3. move toward comp[lex government systems
D. Social Structures: social classes, status of women, slaves, etc.
E. Religious Beliefs
F. Achievements:
1. writing system
2. belief systems – polytheistic and myths
3. early technology: irrigation, tools, weapons
4. architecture
5. legal systems: codified laws, etc.
Basic Questions: How did each empire rise?
What were the achievements of each empire?
How did the empire decline?.
VOCABULARY: Early Peoples and river Civilizations
A. General Terms
history
oral History
primary source
secondary source
tertiary source
geography
climate
precipitation
latitude and longituden
natural barriers
decade
century
millennium
A.D. or C.E.
B.C. or B.C.E.
indigenous
stereotype
ethnocentrism
eurocentric
cultural diffusiona
assimilation
acculturation
demographic changes
B. Neolithic Revolution and Rise of Early Civilizations
EVOLUTION
artifact
archaeology
anthropology
hunter-gatherer
nomad
migration
Ice Age
Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic Rev)
agrarian
domestication
Bronze Age
culture - cultural
political
economic
social
civilization – characteristics of
complex institutions
specialization of work
advances in technology
urbanization
record-keeping
annual floods
irrigation
city-state
barter
polytheism
monotheism
priests
social classes
social stratification
infrastructure
C. Mesopotamia/Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia
Fertile Crescent
Tigris and Euphrates
arid
artisan
ziggurat
Summer
cuneiform
Babylon
Hammurabi’s Code
covenant
prophet
satrap
D. Indus River Valley
subcontinent
Indus River
Himalayas
Khyber pass
monsoons
reincarnation
moksha
caste
untouchable
karma
dharama
nirvana
edict
Vedics
social equality
E. Ancient Egypt
Nile River
cataract
delta
Sahara
hieroglyphics
myths
maat
scribe
dynasty
pyramid
pharaoh
papyrus
Rosetta Stone
F. Ancient China
Huang He River (River of Sorrows)
Yangtze River
Tibet
Mongolia
loess
oracle bones
dynastic cycle
mandate of heaven
filial piety
Confucius
Taoists
Legalists
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