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BAGA TSHI-TEM DICTIONARY (GUINEA) (revised May 2016)Frederick John Lamp Yale University(c. 3000 words)Key to Linguistic AbbreviationsVocabulary of Baga tshi-Tem (Sitem) descent group dialects are noted as follows:a-Bunu = village of Tolkotsha-Samanth?r / a-Mantu? = villages of K'fen, Kalktshe, B'kora-Tako = villages of Kamsar, Katako, Tshalbonto, Kaklentsh, Marea-Tf?n = villages of Kawass, KatongoroBst-So = Somtup group (villages of Kamsar, Katako, Tshalbonto, Kaklentsh, Mare, K'fen, Kalktshe, B'kor)Bst-B? = B?gl?ntsh group (villages of Tolkotsh, Kawass, Katongoro) (also includes Pukur, but not linguistically)Included in this dictionary are selected words from the other four Baga dialect groups (M’ndor, Kakissa, Koba, and Kalum), for the reason that no dictionaries exist for these dialects. I have made no concentrated effort to collect a full vocabulary among these groups. These words are marked with the abbreviations listed below:Bst = Baga tshi-Tem (Sitem). All entries are in Bst unless noted otherwise.Bmn = Baga M’ndor (Mandori)Bkk = Baga Kakisa (Sobané) Bkb = Baga KobaBkl = Baga KalumSome words are included from neighboring groups that share the Baga culture, and are used or may be recognized by the Baga:PUK, BLS, NAL, KOK, TEM:Pukur (Baga Mbotteni), Bul??its (Baga Foré), Nalu, Kokoli (Landuma), or Temne, respectivelyDerivitive words from outside the Baga culture are attributed as follows:Ar = Arabic Ma = ManinkaSu = SusuEngl = EnglishPu= PularFr = FrenchPort = PortugueseIf a “<” appears before the culture abbreviation, it indicates that the word is derived and has been fully incorporated into the Baga language. If not, the word is simply known and borrowed by Baga speakers as a foreign word. The distinction, however, is not always clear.AlphabetizationLike-sounding characters are grouped together alphabetically (just as they are in dictionaries of English or French—é is not alphabetized separately from è), so the reader can find them more easily. These discrepancies may be due to our own perceptions, or to variability in the spoken language by dialect group, descent group, village, age group, or even personal preference and physiological glottal structure. There is no “standard Baga.” Filed Together (as if the same):Filed in Sequence:Transformationsa, ?, ?s, sh (?)b, then gb (voiced labial-filed separately:e, εt, th (θ), ts, tsh (?)velar plosive)d→r (check both)i, In, then ?o, ?N.B.: the IPA symbol ? sometimes gets downloaded wrong as a small square or large ?. There may be other mis-transferrals from downloading. Note that there are no other special symbols used here other than what is listed above, and if they occur, they are a mistake in digital transfer.We choose not to use the character “c” authorized by the Universal Alphabet Africa (1928), even though it is standard in Manding orthography, because it confuses general readers enormously. It is a Latin character that already has a recognized sound (s or k) in English that readers expect, and therefore the readers will not consult the pronunciation guide, and will pronounce it as “s” or “k”. The equivalent characters “t? “follow the standard International Phonetic Alphabet. General readers will recognize this and the other IPA characters used here (?, ?, ?, ?, ?) as non-English, and will consult the pronunciation guide. Coastal Guinean languages, such as Baga, are not Manding languages, and are largely not published heretofore, so it is an opportunity to begin anew, using the globally-recognized International Phonetic Alphabet, following the standard already set by David Dalby for Mel languages, specifically the Temne family, of which Baga is a part. Let’s be reader-friendly and consistent.In this draft manuscript, we render “?” as “sh,” “?” here as “tsh”, and “θ” as “th”, as the IPA characters are sometimes scrambled in email transmission. Please replace with the IPA characters for printing.IPA symbols filed together will follow the order given above if all else is equal, i.e., long vowel, then short (open) vowel; consonents alphabetically – e.g.:asoptempetemp?sopTempεthemp?soptεmpetsempatartemtatshempVerbs:Filed by the root word (preceded by the infinitive prefix in parenthesis—to distinguish it from the noun prefix). In order to form the Baga infinitive, the prefix k?-/k?-/ki-/ku- (comparable to the English infinitive “to”) is added. The prefix vowel follows the first vowel of the stem, loosely, and is somewhat interchangeable--thus (k?)gbal, (kε)gbεyεnε, but (k?)b?t?s, (kε)gbiti, but never (ki)gbal. Other writers have alphabetized all verbs by the prefix, but this puts all verbs in the “Ks.” I include the infinitive prefix because the Baga have advised that they do not recognize the stem alone without the prefix. But I alphabetize the verb by the stem, because one usually hears it spoken with a pronoun rather than the prefix, for example:in gbal, I throwm?n gbal, you throws?n gbal, we throwetc.Nouns:Nouns are alphabetized by the root word (stem), preceded by the singular prefix with hyphen, and followed by the plural prefix in parenthesis (following David Dalby for the related Temne). If the plural has no prefix, but only the stem, the word is followed by a simple hyphen in parenthesis (-). If the prefix is inseparable, the word is alphabetized by the prefix, and the complete plural follows in parenthesis. Although other authors of Baga vocabularies alphabetize nouns by the prefix, this is misleading, because each noun prefix can change circumstantially, depending not only upon singular and plural, but also upon its position as subject or object, and upon its size, among many variations. So one would have to list the word repetitively for each variation. For example:ki-rir, mortar tshi-rir, mortarspe-rir, a huge mortar te-rir, a small mortardo-b?lu do-rir, the height of the mortarde-lip de-rir, the demise of the mortaretc.IntonationThe accent generally falls on the initial syllable, although often there is no accent distinguishable. When the accent falls on a following syllable, it is indicated in bold.Other notationsA citation to "Notes" indicates written field research confirmation, usually within a text, with the location in Lamp fieldnotes. Many terms cited in the existing literature have been consistently challenged by Lamp's Baga consultants, often attributed to other languages such as Susu or Kokoli (Landuma), and have been removed from this vocabulary. I have revised the disparate orthographies of many terms taken from the existing sources to the IPA orthography that I believe is intended, although many early writers used idiosyncratic and dated diacriticals that are difficult to decipher. I have also revised the spelling of some words taken from other authors to correspond more closely to my own recording of the spoken sounds in the field, especially in the pronunciation of open or closed vowels (e or ?), diphthongs (ia, ai), consonant clusters (tr, rk) and digraphs (gb, ts, tsh), which are very difficult to discern and to reproduce by English speakers. I have also revised some construction which, in comparing Temne construction with Baga construction, I believe is faulty.It should be noted that this dictionary and all other existing Baga dictionaries and word lists are deficient in that none take fully into account the standard differences between the descent groups of a-Mantu?, a-Tako, a-Tf?n, and a-Bunu. Not only are there some completely different words (e.g., peanut = kolma in a-Bunu, p?-ma?kola in a-Tako), but many words take different vowels (e.g., elder = wi-biki in a-Bunu, wi-beki in a-Mantu?). These differences are many, much more than I have included here. I have indicated as many variations as I have heard in the field, but a thorough dictionary would require the compilation of complete, separate lists in each of the four descent groups. All four Baga tshi-Tem descent group dialects, however, are completely inter-intelligible, and all Baga tshi-Tem know the different words in other tshi-Tem dialects. If you say tεpitsh (“OK” or “a little bit” in K’fen, a Mantu? village) while in the village of Tokotsh (the neighboring a-Bunu village), even a little child can tell you that “here we say pitinini.”Personal sources acknowledged:CC = Charles Camara (Kawass, a-Tf?n)JNC = Jean Nfa Camara (Katako, a-Tako)MB = Mouctar Bangoura (Tolkotsh, a-Bunu)RB = Romain Bangoura (Kaklentsh. a-Tako)A, ?, ?a-pref. pl. “the people of...” (Notes O: Katako)abuman. November, lit. "they drive the birds (Notes M:14)akeinterrog. what (Notes N:14), what kind (Notes N:81)ake yiinterrog. What is happening? (Notes N:13)ak?rεinterrog. why? alinan. (Bmn) tomorrow (Notes M:99)alnan. tomorrow (Diassi 1974:56); the immediate future (including the same day) (Kalissa 1984:25) [?]dis anan. (Bmn) yesterday (Notes M:99)Andosan. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Bangura 1972:85; Camara 1975:34; B.Bangoura 1974:49; Notes L45).Andyann. (PUK) = D'mbaane / ana-εpron. who (Sarro 2009:xiv)aninan. tomorrowd-anta (s-)n. nerve (Notes L:31)Antshame / amTshame / anTshamε n. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L45, 61; Bangura 1972:84; B. Bangoura 1974:49; Camara 1975:34: anThame) anvev., adj. called (as in "the man called...") (Notes N:16)a?pron. he/one, as in “one goes” a?a(suffix-plurel, as in papa-a?a, “the fathers”) a??adj. pl. those (closer than akak?) A?tesε / a?These?n. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation = (Notes L45) (Bangura 1972:49; Camara 75:34; B. Bangoura 1974:49); lit: "We are beautiful"apa (apa-?a/apa-a?a)n. father (Diassi 1974:56); fraternal uncle; cf. ukas; elder (Notes N:3)apantionn. (PUK) grandfather (Sylla 1976:55)Aparann. = aMantsho?oP?n; "the Grandfather" (Notes L:49; B. Bangoura 1974:51; Sarro 2009:xiv). (Aparan in Katako dialect; Aparεn in Tolokots)aparan (aparan-a?a)n. grandfather (at Katako); godfather in k?-Bεrε-Tshol responsible for one boy (Sylla 1976:55; Sarro 2009:xiv) (JNC) [nb:paternal and maternal – ran does not indicate “woman”]; cf. aparεnaparεn (aparεn-a?a)n. grandfather (at Tolkotsh); godfather in k?-Bεrε-Tshol responsible for one boy (Notes M:6, N:57; Sarro 2009:xiv) (MB) [nb:paternal and maternal – rεn does not indicate “woman”]; cf. aparan apayoexcl. expression of surprise, fear, or disapproval (MB)Arimon. (Bkb) name given to male initiate (Notes M:121)Ar?nkn. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L45; Bangura 1972:89; Camara 1975:34; B. Bangoura 1974:49 (Bmn) (Notes M:92)-?s(verbal suffix indicating continuous tense, as in k?t?s, “stroll, walk on and on”) (Kalissa 1984:21)ku-aten. sεbε wrapped and tied with red cloth for the safety of a warrior Bk?-ba (tsh?-)n. (<Su? -- Mouser 2002:347) ocean, sea, bay, mouth of river (Diassi 1974:23; Notes L:42; Notes N:21); cf kε-rεrεta-ban. marigot?m-b?btsh?rann. bowbakhan. (Su) pap (Diassi 1974:26) = k?-bata in Bs (JNC)da-Bakan. Baga country; Baga society (Kalissa 1984:4; Diassi 1974:7; Notes L:33)ts?-Bakan. the Baga language (Kalissa 1984:4; Diassi 1974:7)wu-baka (a-) n. Baga person (Kalissa 1984:4; Diassi 1974:7; Notes N:11)wi-Baka u-mεn (a-Baka a-mεn)n. (Bst) the Baga M’ndora-b?kár (-)n. Falco biarmicus (lanner bird)bakaribelin. (Su) = bocare gbeli (Paulme 1957:270) (gbeli = "red" in S.)a-b?kar (-)n. falcon a-b?k?ts (-)n. chest (Notes L:32)a-bakb?kin. (Bkl & Bst) parrot (Koelle 1854/1963)Bakin. name given to a women's fourth-born son (Notes L:7) (Bangoura 1974:29)Bakin. (Bkb) name given to male initiate (Notes M:121)bakiadj. (Bmn) old-bakin. (Su) amulets worn by widows (Sylla 1976:69); baki fore in Su = black cloth worn by widows (RB)i-b?kin. (KOK, Bkl) elder = wi-biki in Bst (a-Bunu)wi-bakin. (Bmn) elder (Notes M:86)Bakimambon. (Bkb) mask for higher grade men (Notes M:113) mask for male initiates (Notes M:119)Bakomen. man's title or name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L45; Bangura 1972:84; B. Bangoura 1974:49; Camara 1975:34; Diallo 1974:56); title of man who accompanies and speaks for a-Tshol masquerade during dance (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)wu-bak?tsh?rnε (a-)n. landlord (Sarro 2009:xvi)a-bal (tsh?-)n. a hut (Kalissa 1984:13; Diassi 1974:33), esp. a hut constructed by the women at the sites of salt extraction, or in the rice fields, used for living at that time (S. Bangoura 1972:34; Sylla 1984:1) a-baln. = k?-l?-k?-p?n (Notes S:161; V:c-14)dabaln. clearing where evildoers (aser) meet -- a spiritual place coinciding with the real world (du-ru)ta-bal (ma-)n. small, round house in village (RB, JNC)a-bala (-)n. (< Fr: balle) bullet (Arcin; Diassi 1974:86)Bamankoman. (Bkb) a mask (Notes M:134)?-bamba (m?)n. whipa-b?mpn. (Bkk, Bkb) bird; a bird headdress = a-bεmp in (Bst) (Notes M:105) Banbakuti/Banbakutun. a crocodile that guarded a pool and ate all who drank there (Fofana 1982:26); a fish in the river with only one single bone and a big stomach (Notes M:35)Bandan. (NAL) (see KumbaDuba)k?-b?nda (tsh?-)n. cord, rope(k?)banεv. bend (the head) i.e. "laugh one's head off" (Notes N:49)w?-Banin. (k?-Bεrε-Tshol) Susu person (Bangoura 1972:86)Bansonyin. (< Su) = a-Mantsho-?a-Tsholk?-bantsha (a-)n. shoulder (Diassi 1974:27; Notes L:32) (JNC)a-b?ntshan. bridged?-b?nta (-)n. talon bant?n. village square; dancing place (Camara 1975:35; Notes U:Tolkotsh)am-bantshon. (Bmn & Bkb) = a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol (Notes M:89, 128)a-Bantsho?achn. (PUK) = a-Tsholba?adj. difficult, hard (Notes N:95)(k?)ba?v. winnowk?-ba?n. winnowingam-b??aln. Balearica pavonina (West African crowned crane bird)k?-ba??sn. the period during rice farming between mid November and early December; lit.:"the grannary is empty" (Notes L:40)aba?gha (ts?-)n. quarter (of a village), quartier in French (Notes S:32; Paulme 1956:109) consisting of several tshasunka/tshor (Notes M:48) (JNC)(k?)b?pv. reach (Notes N:1), meet (Notes N:19); uncover, discover, reveal (Notes N:41)(k?)b?p?nεv. meet (Notes N:34), meet with/encounter (each other) (Notes L:61; Kalissa 1984:18). cf. b?psεnε(k?)b?psεv. lie flat in the stomach(k?)b?psεnεv. meet (Notes N:76). cf. b?p?nεk?-b?psεnεn. meetingb?rb?tn. morning (alna b?rb?t = “tomorrow morning”) (JNC)k?-bara-gbaian. (Bmn) male or female circumcision (Notes M:92)(k?)barnεv. lean the head; fig., get protection (Notes N:59) kab?ri (ta-) n. (Bkl) twina-bas (-)n. large termite hill Basamn. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45); = Bosom?a-batn. swamp (Notes N:95); pool where children bathe (B. Bangoura 1974:8)k?-bat (bat)n. branch of a tree (Diassi 1974:25; Camara 1975:60; S. Bangoura 1972:36,66); branch of a palm tree (Paulme 1957:268; Diassi 1974:25); palm leaf [?] (B. Bangoura 1974:60); cf. k?-runk(k?)batsh(o)(?) v. build (Notes L:65)y?-b?tshn. work, job (no plural) (JNC)k?-batan. rice papwi-b?ts? (a-) n. worker (Kalissa 1984:9)a-batsha (-)n. a rattle tied to the ankles made of a dried mango with the inside emptied out and the seeds left inside. (Notes L:55)wi-Batsha (a-)n. = Bul??its in Bst (Tyam 1976:11)pε-b?tshε (yε-)n. a tool, (of any kind)am-bateta (m-)n. (< Engl.) potato (Paulme 1957:274)(k?)b?tshto v. work (Kalissa 1984:8-9)bawoconj. because de-be (sε-)n. credit (Diassi 1974:26), something oweddε-bεn. chieftancy (Notes N:37)k?-be (ts?-)n. the fruit of a-be tree (Diassi 1974:28) -pod c. 20cm in length with peas inside used as an aromatic ingredient in saucek?bε (tsh?-)n. clay water jug (Camara 1975:95; Diassi 1974:17, 23, 25 (can be large or medium size, but bigger than tobol), a large water container with a narrow neck (Notes M:62)wu-bε (a-) n. (Bkl & Bst) king (Koelle 1854/1963), chief (Diassi 1974:26; Notes N:13; S:118; Sarro 2009:xvi)a-be/a-béa n. hard wood, Parkia biglobosa, used to carve masks (Camara 1975:59; Curtis 2013:94-95; Diassi 1974:26), = le néré (in French); has a fruit:k?-be (Diassi 1974:28)becann. bicycle(k?)bekv. (Bkl) (Bst:k?-Bεrε-Tshol) come (Koelle 1854/1963) (Notes S:188)(k?)bekv. age(k?)bεk disv. be big (Kalissa 1984:28)(k?)bεk?sv. enlarge (the belly in the process of gestation) (Diassi 1974:81)(k?)bεkεv. embark in a boat/canoe (Kalissa 1984:20)dε-bεkεnεn. sizede-bekin. old age (a-tako & a-Mantu?)wi-beki (a-)n. older brother, greater person, elder (a-tako & a-Mantu?). cf. wi-biki (a-Bunu & a-Tf?n)wi-bekra (a-)n. older sister (k?)bεks?sv. impregnatebektshen. chaina-bεln. slag iron, residue from foundry (Diassi 1974:62)k?-bεln. corpse (Diassi 1974:65)bεlbεladv. very well, very fine (Notes L:57) (Kalissa 1984:32:belbel)(-) bεlεt (s?-)n. (< Engl.) belt (Diassi 1974:96)(k?)b?lk?rv. hasten (k?)bels v. chase (Notes N:84)de-bem (s?-)n. claw of the crab (MB)a-bεmp (-)n. bird, large bird (cf. gba?a)a-Bεmpn. headdress in the form of a bird (Notes L:22) (Bkk, Bkb:aB?mp)tε-bεmp (mε-) n. a little bird (Diassi 1974:93) (cf a-bεmp)(k?)bempanv. (not Bsi) lie (tell an untruth) (Notes N:9) cf. (k?)yem?benglen. (< Engl? – from bangles?) String of bells attached around the waist of drummers and dancers (Hockins draft 2013:26)(k?)b?ntv. erase, ruin, reduce to rubble k?-bεnt (-)n. bone (Notes L:31)bεntsh (s?-) n. (< Engl) bench (Diassi 1974:96)k?-bentsh?mn. a game like hockeyam-bentsh’mn. a tree with a brown fruit (CC)Benumben. (NAL) = D'mbade-be?a (se-)n. rope, threadk?-b??kn. backbone, fishbone k?-bep (ts?-)n. spoon (Notes L:35)(k?)bεrv. put, decant, pour out (Diassi 1974:26,28) (of wine)berbεradj. injurious (Notes N:27)(k?)bεrεv. enter, return (to a place) (Kalissa 1984:15, 27; Diassi 1974:27) come back (Notes N:10), return home (Sarro 1996:Songs 4); join (an association) (Notes N:51) k?bεrε aMantshon. the final initiation procedurek?BεrεTsholn. first initiation for young men and women, where they receive new names, before [after?] k?k?ntsh wibεrεtshol (a)n. the initiate of k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes M:27)wi-bεrε-tshol-wu-fu (a-bεrε-tshol-a-fu)n. the new initiate of k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes M:27)wi-bεrε-tshol-wu-kur (a-bεrε-tshol-a-kur)n. the older initiate of k?-Bεrε-Tshol (previously initated) (Notes M:27)(k?)bεrεnεv. sink (into the mud)k?-bεrεnεn. mixture (Kalissa 1984:40)(k?)bern?v. belch (k?)bεrnεv. wear, put on (clothes) (Bangoura 1972:86)(k?)bεrnεv. roast (?)p?-b?rn? (y?-)n. clothes (k?)b?rs?v. enter (an enclosure) a-bet (-)n. date palm leaves are used to make the skirts of the boys in a-k?nts (Notes M:10)betn. wrap worn by boys of initiation when they enter town, made of tomarind stalks (Sylla 1984:10) cf. Labitte photo bεtn. morningbεt bεtn. early morning (Notes M:96)bεt bεt suin. very early morningbeten. (?) Tamarin plant (Camara 1975:29)(k?)bεtεv. be lucky (Diassi 1974:40)?a-bi (-)n. hole (Diassi 1974:26,33)de-bin. hole, rubbish pitdε-biphr. in the hole (Diassi 1974:26)k?/ke-bin. (Bkl & Bst) dew (Koelle 1854/1963); mist (Diassi 1974:23) k?-bi ka da-rentshn. cloud pεbin. black (Sylla 1976:38; Camara 1975:80; Diassi 197497)pi-bin. early night; night (Kalissa 1984:10); Cf. tshektshek)pi-bi f?pphr. all nightwi-bin. black person (Diassi 1974:26)dabian. world of the dead, world of the ancestors, lit:"in the hole" (Notes M:60) tε-bia n. little hole (cf a-bi) (Diassi 1974:46)biasn. journey (Notes N:51) (k? bias = “go on a journey”)(k?)biftiv. labour with the hoe in the dry season (Diassi 1974:65). Cf. f?ntsha-bik (-)n. mat; cane, rush (Notes L:35)(k?)bikεv. wash (oneself or somebody) (Kalissa 1984:20)dε-bikin. old age (Diassi 1974:94)wi-biki (a-)n. adult (B. Bangoura 1974:22:abiki) (Kalissa 1984:17), an elder (Notes M:29). cf. wi-beki (a-tako & a-Mantu?)(-) binkli (s?-)n. (Su) pestle (Diassi 1974:96) (JNC)a-bil (tsε-)n. canoe, boat, ship (S. Bangoura 1972:21; Camara 1975:48) (Notes L:36)tε-bil (mε-)n. a small canoe (Diassi 1974:36)bilakoron. (Manding) an uninitiated personka-bile (tsha-)n. family (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for D'mba book, p. 14)bilin. granary (Notes T:36)bili?v. (Su) twist; outline(?) (Diassi 1974:67) cf. (k?)n??g’r in Bst (JNC)bimn. (Engl) beam, girder (Diassi 1974:27), especially the beam resting on the inner wall of a house supporting the inner circle of roof rods, both sagittal and transverse (Notes T:38)bimgo/binko (s?-)n. a poison used to harm someone pursued by aTshol (Diallo 1974:57) (see tafo)bing?lin. outer wall of a house (Notes T:36); cf. da-mbabiran. sickle (cf. k?-tetia, w?rt?)(k?)birbirv. be dirty (Kalissa 1984:7) (k?)birεnεv. divide something amoung (persons)k?-biri (tshi) n. twin (k?)biriv. share, divideBirisenen. (= ZigirenWunde/Tiyambo?) (Notes L:13)birkamblan. Macrodipteryx longipennis (standard wing nightjar bird) (Notes N:64) a-bis/te-bis (tshi-/me-)n. plum (Diassi 1974:25)a-bisa n. a sp. of hard wood (Camara 1975:59):used to carve stools (ibid:91), plum tree (Diassi 1974:25), used to carve D’mba and canoes (CC)ki-bitn. a sp. of wood used to carve the sε?gbe drum (Notes L:39), a mangrove tree (Notes S:229)bita n. (Su) parent (Kalissa 1984:39)a-bla??t (-)n. (< Engl) blanket (Diassi 1974:84)a?-blokts?r n. a species of tree (Notes S:77)(k?)b?v. borrow/lend (Diassi 1974:26)do-bo (s?-)n. inlet from the sea (S. Bangoura 1972:39), canalk?-b? n. a sp. of wood used in the construction of dykes (Diassi 1974:63)mb?ntsh (-)n. odor, scent (Notes N:64)boboadj. (< Port) (Bkl) stupid (Koelle 1854/1963); (Bst) mute(k?)b?fv. plant (Kalissa 1984:17) cultivate (Diassi 1974:16a-bof (ts?-)n. mud, rice swamp (Traoré 1980:406) (Notes L:37)k?-bofn. dust, ash (Diassi 1974:17) (Notes L:37)bofean. drum (Notes L:40)B?gl?nshn. name of aMantsho?oP?n among the a-Tf?n and a-Bunu (TolokotsKatongoro-Kawass aligned villages) of the Baga tshi-Tem, and among the Pukur (Notes L:34,4243)bok(Bkl & Bst) v. weep (Koelle 1854/1963) (Kalissa 1984:9), mourn (Diassi 1974:33) (Notes N:24), cry; be upset (Notes N:1)(k?)bokv. touch (Notes S:117)a-bok (bok)n. (Bkl, Bst) serpent (Diassi 1974:27,29)?bokn. ancestral ritual (S. Bangura 1972:70)k?-b?kn. young unripe mangoku-bokn. sacrifice (Notes M:54); (Bkk) funeral (Notes M:113)m?-b?kn. a woman's pubis (Notes N:65)to-bok (mo-)n. small snake (Diassi 1974:30)bokari gbélin. (Su) a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:407; Paulme 1957:270)(-) bok?t (s?-)n. (Engl) bucket (Diassi 1974:96)(k?)b?lv. be a giant (Diassi 1974:28)b?ladj. high, tall, deep, wide, long, faraBoln. female costume representing a huge animal, incorporating the form of perhaps an elephant, perhaps a tortoise (Geertruyen 1976:69; Paulme 1956:110; Notes M:63-64) or a house (Notes L:43); wife of Somtup (Notes L:50,5253; B. Bangoura 1974:51) [“o” is correct, as opposed to “?” in “giant”] a-boln. small dam made in a stream used to trap fisha-b?ln. clay pot used for medicinet?b?l (m?)n. clay tumbler, bowl, small pot, used to hold water, or palm wine (S. Bangura 1972:56; Camara 1975:74, 95; Notes L:5; Notes M:62; S:76; Rutz 1959b:208) wu-b?l(u) (a-)n. giant (a-Tako & a-Mantu?) (Diassi 1974:28, 29); cf wu-bulub?lεadj. far (Notes N:26)(k?)b?l?n?v. be far (Diassi 1974:26) to-b?lk?ts (mo-)n. ankle (Notes L:31)bololoexcl. expression of surprise, fear, or disapproval (MB)bolo?n. marigot, inlet from the sea (Paulme 1957:257) (?)do-b?lun. length or height (Diassi 1974:99)do-bo?n. jealousy (MB)to-Bomn. (Bmn) a small mask that danced with Banda (Notes M:93).a-bomba (-)n. shell of a nut, skin of a fruit ku-bomban. a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:407). cf. mal? mo-bombaBombon. name given to a woman's first-born daughter (Notes L:1,7; B. Bangoura 1974:29bomborusun. smallpox(k?)b?mpv. bend, fold (Diassi 1974:27)do-bomp (s?-)n. head (Notes L:31; Arcin 1907; Diassi 1974:24,94)a-Bonan. village tutelary spirit at Bukor (S. Bangura 1972:72:a-Bohn)b?nb?ilan. (Su) beater used to beat the mud walls flat in house construction (Sylla 1976:30) = posutε a?-t?f in Bst to-bonk (mo-)n. main branch of a palm kernel cluster am-Bons?nn. (Bkk) = a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol (Notes M:109)k?/ke-bont (tsh?-/tse-)n. (Bkl & Bst) navel (Koelle 1854/1963) (Notes L:32)(k?)bontshv. blame (Notes N:7) accuse (Notes N:67)bo?a Mεndan. (Bkb) a special sacred forest grove at Morara for the Mεnda initiation (Notes M:126)a-bo??n (tsh?-)/bogoni (Su)n. dyke in the rice paddy (Notes L:43; Sylla 1976:33) do-bonun. length a-b?p?r (-)n. leaf (Diassi 1974:92)(k?)bop?rnεv. wound oneself (Kalissa 1984:18)bopran. a-k?nta seed used by women to knock together to beat a rhythm; approximately six inches long (Notes M:37)bopsεadj. watched over, supervised (B. Bangoura 1974:30)Bopsεn. name given to an infant girl when a mother's previous children have died (B. Bangoura 1974:30)b?radj. straightb?rεn. (Su) friend (Notes N:33) cf. wan-apa in Bstb?riadj. highBosbenha (Bosbenna/Bosbena?) n. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015). = Bosna?Bosnan. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015). = Bosbenha?dob?sh?n. place of sacrifice under a large tree (Romain Bangura)Bosom n. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45; Bangura 1972:84; B. Bangura 1974:49); = Basam?b?tadj., adv. sweet (Notes N:2); well(k?)b?tv. agree, be good (Diassi 1974:27,28) please (Notes N:33) make happy; as in p?m b?t im "I'm happy" (Notes N:46) (k?)botshv. place, lay down, keep (Diassi 1974:26); give, dispense (justice) (Diallo 1974:52) (Kalissa 1984:31:potsh)wu-b?t (a-)n. (Bkl, Bst) friend (Koelle 1854/1963, Bkl:i-bot) (Diassi 1974:26, 28) (JNC)(k?)b?t?rv. love (someone or something)(k?)b?t?sv. sweeten, make somebody happyboten. (Su) large potshaped drum:(Notes L40); small drum held under the arms (Appia 1938:6) (BLS) wooden bowl (Notes M:106)al-B'rakn. headdress in form of the Islamic alBarak winged horse, framed in a rectangular open box, with the head of a Baga man (Notes L:26).to-bu (mo-)/ta-bun (ma-) n. (Bkl & Bst) forehead (Koelle 1854/1963; Notes L:31:to-gbu [mo-]) amBubuann. = aBεmp (Notes K:6; photos:aBεmp:Musée National) bukn. (Engl) bookp?-bukn. something raw, unripe fresh (?) (Diassi 1974:96), crude (?) (Diassi 1974:102)(k?)bukluv. peel a-bukon (-)n. dyke ku-bukumn. talent (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)a-bulε (-)n. palmetto tree (Notes M:8)buluadj., n. (< Eng.) blue (Sylla 1976:39; Camara 1975:82) (k?)buluv. become/be a giant (Diassi 1974:25)wu-bulu (a-)n. giant (a-Tf?n & a-Bunu) (MB); cf. wu-b?luamBumbun. costume of palm fronds up to 5 meters tall, danced by children (Notes M:35).(k?)bumεv. drive/chase (the birds) (Notes N:23)bumpadj. small, short (Diassi 1974:70), narrow (k?)bumpsεnεv. be shortd?-bums?rn. blindness (Diassi 1974:67)a-bun n. tool (Arcin) ? n. clan (?) (S. Bangoura 1972:11)bund?n. (< Su) chisel (Camara 1975:54a)ku-buntle/ ku-buntεlε (tshu-)n. clay pot used to hold palm wine (Camara 1975:95) in form of a gourd wu-Bunu (a-)n. person (people) of Tolokotsh (Notes L:42; Notes M:15, 133)(k?)bu?v. be jealousk?-bu?n. jealousyk?-bur (tsh?-)n. path, trace (k?)busuv. rinse(k?)butv. miss (something you intended to hit; e.g., to miss the ball with the bat) (JNC)a-butu (-)n. grass mattress GBk?-gbaadj. squarek?-gban. line, rankk?-gba k'a-bikin. adult male or female age group (30-50)k?-gba ka k?-naka (tsh?-naka) (JNC)n. infants age groupk?-gba k'-a-ndεn. highest age-grade, consisting of the a-nde (B. Bangoura 1974:20)k?-gba k' a-temn. elder male age groupk?-gba k'a-tembran. elder female age groupk?-gba k' a-tempn. young male age group (unmarried)k?-gba k' a-yetshran. young female age group (unmarried)k?-gba k'a-wutn. children's age groupgbai (tsh?-)n. millet (Diassi 1974:33)ta-gbai (ma-)n. small adze gbaiε nan. salutation used by initiates in ka-k?ntsh (Notes S:138)a-gbaia runin. (Bkb) an "initiate" or "circumcised boy" (Note M:120)(k?)gbakan. (Bkb) July-August; time when rice is planted; lit. "hang"; ["high tides"] and lots of wind (Notes M:117)(k?)gb?ktuv. pull out roots (k?)gbalv. throw (something) away; abandon; wave (the hands) (Notes L:17-19; Notes N:10, 12, 16) to-gb?l-k?ts (m?-) n. ankle (Notes L:32)k?gbalts?tsan. final initiation for a-Mantsho-?o-P?n (Notes L1719); lit:"to wave the hands" to say goodbye to a-Mantsho-?o-P?nde-k?-gbal-yikan. place where rubbish is thrownk?-gbala (tsh?-) n. handle of the long spade, kop (S. Bangoura 1972:39; Diassi 1974:33:a-bala; Notes L:39) (JNC); in pl.:"knock knees"(k?)gbal?rv. cause something to fall on something (k?)gbal?sv. throw (Kalissa 1984:15)a-gbamn. a large white bird with long legs, seen at the sea -- but rarely seen today (some old men have never seen it) (Notes S:28, 51), white heron?ro-gbanen. (Bkl) meeting place (Notes L:12)gbansa?adj. (Su) only (Kalissa 1984:40)k?-gb?ntrεnn. a small plaque used as a plate in the healing of fractures (Notes S:172)a-gba?a (-) / a-gbo?a (-)n. (Kawass / Katako) sparrow (Diassi 1974:86); weaver bird (Notes N:72); or Antichromus minutus (little black-cap tchagra bird)? cf. tatshbaronka, t?mbaliplip(k?)gb???rv. thunder (Diassi 1974:70) v. shout at (someone)(k?)gba?εnεv. claim to be (Notes N:51)(k?)gb??gb???rv. scold a?-gba?kann. viper (thin and long, usually in trees); cf. d?fk?-gba?kan (tsh?-)n. mangrove k?-gba?kan (tsh?-)n. whip [a mangrove stick](k?)gba?nεv. put a load on the shoulders (B. Bangoura 1974:61) v. marry (referring to the groom only) (Camara 1996)k?-gba?n?n. marriage (S. Bangura 1972:29; Camara 1975:113; B. Bangoura 1974:61), lit:"to carry on the shoulder"; refers only to the man marrying a woman; cf. k?-nεntshε, k?-l?ugba?n?n. bridegroom (B. Bangoura 1974:61) k?-gba??snεn. large pile harvested rice stalks 2 m. high (Diassi 1974:33) (JNC)(k?)gb?pv. turn upside down(k?)gbap?rv. talk around the truth, talk evasively(k?)gb?p?rv. cover; overturn a vesselk?-gbapron. a sp. of hard wood easily eroded or attacked by termites (Camara 1975:60)(k?)gbas-gbasv. clean up the yard around the house with a hoe (Diassi 1974:32,33), or with a broomk?-gbasa-a-gbaia a-runin. (Bkb) the coming out ceremony of male initiation; lit., "to bring in the boy initiates” (Notes M:121)k?-gbas?rn. a trident staff of the village chief (Notes S:61)(k?)gbatv. sharpen an adze (k?)gb?tv. close (a door)gbatn. palm fiber c. 2 m. long used to make a sound in initiation (Bangura 1972:79)k?-gbata (?-)n. mat for spreading rice to dry k?-gbatgbatan. slender horizontal rings of a roof skeleton, tied to the vertical roof beams -- ku-gbo (Notes T:38) (k?)gb?tn?v. focus the eyes (on something) (k?)gbεv. separate the bunches of rice shoots after uprooting, and transplant(k?)gbeiv. split, separate, break (Diassi 1974:32)(k?)gbeiεn?v. separate, divorce (Kalissa 1984:39)(k?)gbεkv. suspend; dry on the fire, smoke fish (Diassi 1974:32)tε-gbεkn. small bucket used to draw up water from a well (Diassi 1974:32)tε-gbεkn. a kind of small fish (Diassi 1974:33)t?-gb?kl? (m?-)n. stool; cf. do-tsh?m(k?)gb?kl?n?v. argue (k?)gb?kr?v. observe, watch carefully a-gbelketsh (-)n. a sp. of animal, resembling a cat, that eats crabs (MB)gbenkan. a dance with a mortar held in the teeth and rested on the chest; a society for same (Notes M:35), the music for this dance, originally played on three iron gongs; created in Kawass after the Islamic jihad (Hockins draft 2013:32)(k?)gbεntv. pound fish/manioc/cassava/etc (but not rice:tsh?) (RB)(k?)gbe?v. crack nuts (Diassi 1974:70); pound the red shell off the palm kernels (MB)(k?)gbe? dof?rv. "crack the eye" = give someone double sight (of witchcraft) tegbe?gbe?n. clay pot - smaller version of kebe w. 2 circular handles and a narrower neck (Notes M:62)(k?)gbεpv. go by the side of, skirt (Diassi 1974:32)de-gbεpn. "near place" area between village and the swamp (Notes M:7)degbεpn. place where initiates of k?k?ntsh were first taken in the early morning (Notes M:7)(k?)gb?sv. split (something) a-gbese (-)n. jack of all trades, very talented and strong (MB)(k?)gbesi v. scarify (Ganong 2008). k?-gbesi (ye-)n. mark of scarification (Ganong 2008:13)(k?)gb?tshv. forge k?-gb?tsh (tsh?-)n. spine wi-gb?tsh (a-)n. blacksmith (k?)gbεt?sv. scoop up palm oil from pot when it's boiled(k?)gbεyεnεv. dividea-Gbin. a kind of mask (M. Bangoura 1991:17)a-gbi (tse-/tsi-)n. (Bkl & Bst) caiman; salt water crocodile (Koelle 1854/1963; Arcin 1907; Diassi 1974:33; Notes M:30)te-gbi (me-)n. a little crocodile (Diassi 1974:46)gbinadj., adv. firm, firmly; as in tshmε gbin, "stand firm" (Notes N:93)(k?)gbintiv. cut, slice (something:wood, hand, bread, etc.)gbintinεadj. intersectingte-gbi?on. a dangerous, big, fish(k?)gbipv. catch (a fish) (?)angbipn. small altar inside sacred house (Notes L:2) used in the k?-l?-k?-p?n; a shelter inside a house made to store the D'mba during the rainy season (Notes S:239)(k?)gbiriv. split, crack (Diassi 1973:33) eg:"to crack kola" = k?-gbiri k?la; cut/cross (syn. tsupu)(k?)gbitiv. open (a door) (Diassi 1974:33) a-gbit?n. a long cylindrical drum, beaten at both ends; cf. tsh?-wan(k?)gb?v. try (Diassi 1974:70) (?)ko-gbo (tsho-)n. a mangrove tree-high used for poles, house roof timber, beams in a roof skeleton radiating from the spine (Notes T:38)to-gbu (mo-)n. short stick (JNC)gbofadj. lazy gbogman. evening meal?/ restricted area where the workers of a k?-le rest in the evening; cf. ta-kra (Diallo 1974:35)(k?)gb?kv. cheat (someone)a-gboka (-/a-)n. belt used to climb the palm tree (Diassi 1974:31) (Notes S:128)k?-gboke (tsh?-)n. river (inland); cf. ta-ba = the swamp marigot) (-) gbonto (pl.) n. palm kernel fat, used to produce palm oil (S. Bangoura 1972:36)gbo?an. clan-based work group (k?)gb??kv. braid rope (Diassi 1974:67)(k?)gb?pv. embrace (Notes L:53; Diassi 1974:24).v. gather fish in a round net k?gb?p-aBoln. ordeal when initiates run the gauntlet to reach aBol (Bangura 1972:87; Notes L53) , lit:"to embrace aBol) (Diassi 197424) The final ceremony of initiation (Notes L:17)k?gb?paMantshon. final stage of initiation to a-Mantsho-?o-P?n (Bangura 1972:80; Notes L:1719) when area is opened again (Bangura 1972:80); 3rd level initiation (ibid:87), lit:"to embrace a-Mantsho" (Diassi 1978:24)gbopan. (Bkb) October-November; lit. "big winds" when rice gets bent over (Notes M:117)d?gb?s?n. sacred house where D'mba is kept (Notes L45); place at cotton tree where sacrifices are made; outside the ku-l? k?-p?n (Notes M:6) (k?)gb?tv. hold lightly (?) (Diassi 1974:33); take a pinch of something or a little bit; or give someagbotn. charm, talisman to-gbu (mo-)n. stud of a house (exposed or covered with daub) (Notes T:38)(k?)gbuktuv. uproot the rice plants for transplanting (MB)(k?)gbulu?v. make a mixture (Diassi 1974:67)gbu?a (-)n. association of workers (MB)gbu?duadj., n. (Su) secret (Notes L:24)D (see also R:d and r are sometimes transformational)daprep. to (Kalissa 1984:10); by, at the place of (Diassi 1974:44)(k?)dav. create (Diassi 1974:60)n-daconj. with (Diassi 1974:45), there at (the place of) (ibid:94)dafin. (Bmn) time in the evening around seven to ten o'clock when people visit (Notes M:96)dag?n. (?) rice flour-daka/paka/etc. (no pl.)n. thing (Diassi 1974:27) (JNC)dakaadj. rich (Kalissa 1984:37)d?madj. onlyDamban. (Bkb) name given to an initiate (Notes M:121)D?mb?nkεn. (Bkk) a female headdress (Notes M:112)dampan. a sp. of fruit-bearing tree (Diassi 1974:30)d?ndaadv. there (Sarro 2009:xiv)danta (santa)n. (Bkl & Bst) vein (Koelle 1854/1963) nerve (Notes L:31) dantεn. clearing in the mangrove swamps where salt is mined (B. Bangoura 1974:18) (Balez 1930:11)(k?)dant?k?v. introduce (Notes N:76)da?n. early afternoon da? f?pn. all daydapn. (< Nalu taap, vt. cover?) large clay bowl (B. Bangoura 1974:17; Diassi 1974:24; Notes M:18) used by initiates to eat rice with sauce (ibid:41); the larger of two small bowls used to eat rice (larger than tap); may be turned upside-down to cover larger vessels as a lid (Notes M:64; Sylla 1976:87; Camara 1975:75, 92) dapn. kola (Notes L:6)dar??adj. behind (Notes L:63; Kalissa 1984:24) d?r??n. (Bkb) rainy season (Notes M:117) (JNC)k?-dare (s?-)n. village, town (Diassi 1974:29,94) (cf. k?-lεntsh) (Notes N:12); country (Notes L:64) dare da-tshon. village centerdare do-kurn. (Bst & Bmn) old, deserted village (Notes O:Dobali, Katako)dare?n. inheritance(k?)d?sv. invite someone to sit down.v. settle (something/someone) (Sarro 2009:xv)d?s w?-bεn. a crowning ceremony for chiefs; lit.:“to settle a chief,” (Sarro 2009:xv)das?k?n. (Bmn) the day after tomorrow (Notes M:99)dasuman. (Bmn) night (Notes M:96)day?nn. (Bmn) noon-afternoon (Notes M:96)deauxiliary to verb (indicating future tense) (Kalissa 1984:27)dεadj. generald?n., adv. here (? yi d? = “He/she/it is here”); cf. r?de (tsa-)n. enclosure of stalks (Diassi 1974:34)dεkn. swarm of bees [?] (Diassi 1974:64)d?k (-)n. ant (Diassi 1974:30)Dekan. name given to a woman's fifth-born son (Notes L:7; B. Bangoura 1974:24) also in Bmn (Notes M:88)dekeadv., conj. where (Notes N:12) (Notes N:38) (JNC) (Kalissa 1984:24, 34; Diassi 1974:27) (Notes N:12)(k?)d?mv. prepare breakfastdembarakatan. a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:407) (Paulme 1957:270)(k?)dεmpv. tend to the feeding of the children before going away (Diassi 1974:27)(k?)denv. lie down (Kalissa 1984:14)denbitan. (< Su) work performed by a young man on the farm of his fiancée's family (B. Bangoura 1972:28); or any other gestures he makes toward the family (B. Bangoura 1974:60); = wo-komεnε in Bstdenderetshna/dendetshnan. day before yesterday (at Tolkotsh/B’kor) (Notes T:32) (MB)denderetshnadarar?? n. second day before yesterday (at Tolkotsh (Notes T:32)dendisnan. yesterday (Notes T:32)dendisnadarar??n. day before yesterday (at Katako) (Notes T:32)(k?)de?v. accuse (Notes N:52)deptan. (Bkb) November-December, cloudy time; lit. "rice buds"; a time when there is little to eat (Notes M:117)(k?)derv. come (Notes L:61; Kalissa 1984:9; Diassi 1974:16) m?n-derexcl., phr. welcome (greeting), lit., “You have come.” (Notes N:48)wu-der (a-)n. newcomer (Sarro 2009:xvi)(k?)deren?v. come with (someone)der??n. the rainy season(k?)dεr?mv. make a contract; swear an oath (Sarro 2009:xv)dere pron. which (JNC) derin datsh?/d?r?n datsh? n. middle of dry season- July-August (S.Bangoura 1972:68)(k?)det/retv. hang (Diassi 1974:29,40)detshn. sun, day (Notes L:35)dεtsh da rofoin. late afternoond?tsh-da-wur-da-tsh?? n. (Bmn) noon (Notes M:96)dεtsh dε l?pn. after duskdetsh delp?sn. dusk (Notes M:29) (JNC)d?tsh nden. (Bmn) today (Notes M:99)nde-d?tsh-d?-l?pm?n. (Bmn & Bst) west (Notes M:96) (JNC)d?w?n. lightning (no pl.) (JNC)din., adv. there (? yi di = (He/she/it is there”); cf. ri(k?)div. eat (Kalissa 1984:14; Diassi 1974:27) (Notes L:47; Notes N:9)k?-di a-lεntshεn. sacrifice made to D’mba before harvest (Notes M:37)k?-di-a-Mantshon. highest intitiation for men, lit:"to eat a-Mantsho" (B. Bangoura 1974:50) k?-di a-Tεk?nn. act of entering the female a-Tεk?n initiation; lit.:" to eat a-Tεk?n" (B. Bangoura 1974:49) k?-di a-tshirn. whirlpoolk?-di-mo-lomn. initiation (literally:'to eat secrets') (Sarro 2009:xv)pε-din. food (Diassi 1974:96)wi-di-Tshol (a-)n. initiates in k?-Bεrε-Tshol, lit:"those who eat Tshol" (B. Bangoura 1974:49) (k?)difv. (Bkl & Bst) kill (Koelle 1854/1963) (Kalissa 1984:8) (Notes N:52); fight (Notes N:60)dif?adj. there Dili??n. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45) dim (sim)n. voice (Camara 1975:113; Diassi 1974:27; Notes N:14)Dimbiann. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45)dim-dinadj. united (Notes N:27)-dingb?ln. canal in the rice fields (S. Bangoura 1972:39)Dindaf? Lontanphr. "that's that"/"that's the end of the speech”; a benedictiondinkinn. a sp. of vine used as an antidote to evildoers kin-kilitshin (Paulme 1958:415)(k?)di?εv. bear (trouble, difficulty) (Notes N:27)(k?)dipv. defecate (Notes N:102)(k?)dirv. call (Notes N:14)(k?)dirεv. sleep (Notes L:58)dis (no pl.)n. (Bkl & Bst) skin (Koelle 1854/1963); body (Kalissa 1984:26; Diassi 1974:31) (JNC)disreadj. in the middle of, between, among, insidedjigitan. waistbeadsD'mban. female dance headdress representing a woman who has borne many children; indigenous term for Nimba (Camara 1975:87). A figure of same representation (Chefs 1966:36; M. Riviεre, 1975:167).D'mbadaTsholn. female headpiece with one eye, one breast, grotesque and disorderly counterpart to D'mba (Camara 1975:64). Cf. NimbapaFεt.D'mbadoP?nn. "the Great D'mba" the sacred D'mba, as opposed to the popular one (the one danced publically). (Notes M:15)doprep. in (Notes N:37)d?b?ladj (< Engl) doublema-doeanε n. (cf. ka-wune) perspiration (Notes L:32)d?f (s?-)n. viper (thicker and shorter than a?-gba?kan); ball python (Ganong 2008:8)(k?)d?fv. plant, stick in (Notes N:80)d?i-d?iadv. (Su) slowlyd?kn. (< Engl) duck (Diassi 1974:63)dokn. (Bkl & Bkb) dry season (Koelle 1854/1963) (Notes M:117)d?k/dokn. next year (Diassi 1974:30)Dokon. (< Su "Mask" [Notes L:13]) wood headdress surmounted by a figure with bulging forehead, rams forns, and small ears (Plastique 1968:4). "The Old Man," a 3rd degree mask in wood with long nose, horns, cow ears (Arcin 1907:459). 8th degree mask (Meo 1919)? Male masked master of female Bondo (Arcin 1907:44445)? Same as Lumbe (Holas 1947:67)? (Bkk) Mask with raffia costume danced at circumcisions and other important occasions; whenever the initiates wanted to move they had to pay tribute to the dancer of this mask first (Notes M:111, 123)dokran. boa constrictordomp (so-bomp)n. head (contraction of do-bomp) (Notes L:31)domp da-amtann. bunch of bananas d?nn. earth/territory [figuratively:home] (Koita 1983:29:d?n) (Notes N:43, 76); cf. rudo?n. mats woven for the roofing (Diassi 1974:68)dop/wopn. forest (in a-Bunu) (Diassi 1974:24) cf wop in a-Tako; the place of the a-k?rfin (Notes M:60)d?rn. hunger (Diassi 1974:30)(k?)dosv. dish out the rice; share a meal (Kalissa 1984:22)dosn. clay (Sylla 1976:38,56; S. Bangoura 1972:33; Camara 1975:73)dos de-bin. black clay (Sylla 1976:38)dos de-fern. white clay used in making white paint d?s?kn. day d?s?kan. just before dawnd?s?k?n. the day after tomorrow (JNC) down. hen (Kalissa 1984:32)(k?)duv. weave baskets (S. Bangoura 1972:33); weave, braid (the hair) (Camara 1975:113; Kalissa 1984:12; Diassi 1974:59)duban. (-arabic) blessing (Diassi 1974:26) dukadj. several, many (Diassi 1974:31)duma (suma)n. (< Manding) shirt (Arcin 1907; Koelle 1854/1963); boubou (Arcin 1907; Bangoura 1972:86; Diassi 1974:24) dress (Notes N:79); skirt (Notes L:35)duma-ra-fak-nen. shirt (Arcin 1907)dumpa (sumpa)n. intestine (Diassi 1974:24, 30)dunia n. (< Su, < Ar) world (Notes L:35)Dusumabεn. = aMantsho?oP?n. "Teacher of the Chiefs [elder men]" (B. Bangoura 1974:52).Dusumaberan. = aMantsho?oP?n. "Teacher of the [elder] women" (B. Bangoura 1974:52).dutn. (< Engl?“duty”?) tax (Diassi 1974:30)Duwann. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)E, ?εadj. yes (Kalissa 1984:26)ε/?pron. he (Kalissa 1984:23)ku-ela (tshu-)n. Numenius aquatus (Curlew bird) ?; or Rostratula benghalensis (painted snipe bird) ?εl???ntn. (PUK)= dεsεk εlεk (εlεkεl)n. (BLS) = aTsholEsim?ran. (Bkb) a mask higher than Sibila (Notes M:118)Fk?-f?fn. dust in the air (as opposed to k?-bof) f?f?rn. light(k?)fain?v. receive a-fak (-)n. a king of long, flat, fish (Paulme (1957:273)faka (s?-)n. (< Port) knife used to cut rice (Traoré 1980:407; Notes L:36)k?-fak?l (tsh?-)n. headscarf (k?)falv. set a trap; fish w. a long net stretched across a river;v. hang up the laundry to dry (Diassi 1974:28) k?-f?ln. dust in airk?-fala (ts?-)n. wide basket used for fishing (Diassi 1974:34); the winnowing trayk?-/ta-falan. measuretafala (ma-)n. small basket tied to the hair of a bride (S. Bangura 1972:30) (see tafala te k?leka); used by the initiates (B. Bangura 1974:17)tafala te k?lekan. basket worn on the head of a new bride before sex w. husband a-f?lεs (-)n. horse (Kalissa 1984:33); a promiscuous woman (figuratively)tε-f?lεsn. colt(k?)f?lf?lv. make a rice nursery in the swamp (first planting before transplanting in the larger swamp)(k?)faliv. discover (Diassi 1974:44) (?)(k?)fals?v. bend forward afann. (Bmn & Bst) place of circumcision in k?-k?ntsh (Bangura 1972:77), sacred grove of boys' initiation (Sylla 1984:9; Bangura 1972:77; Camara 1975:29), sleeping place for k?k?ntsh (Notes M:6, 89) afann?p?nn. "The great afan," = the larger afan (B. Bangoura 1974:43)afantontshn. a prohibition both sacred and secular (B. Bangoura 1974:56)F?na?kεn. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L45; Bangura 1972:85; Camara 1975:34; B. Bangoura 1974:49 )da-fanden. (Bmn) the section of a-fa? where the a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol is kept (Notes M:89)(k?)faniv. disrespect, mockk?-fantsh (tsh?-)n. (Bkl & Bst) bed (Koelle 1854/1963; Kalissa 1984:9) (Notes L:35; Notes N:33)a-f?nt?l (-)n. frog(k?)f?nt?rεv. lie down; sleep with (have sex with); in fa? m k? f?nt?rε = "I want to have sex with you." (Notes N:33)t?-f?nt?r? (m?-)n. manner of lying down f?nt?r (-)n. flying squirrel (k?)fa?v. want, desire (Kalissa 1984:10,35; Diassi 1974:34,104); like (Notes N:13) (Notes N:24)afa? (a)n. divine law; as opposed to tontsh (B. Bangoura 1974:21, 55) [= "the wishes; the will"]; cf. fa?me-fa?n. wish (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)f??anpron., adj. their; them f?padj., adv., n. all (Kalissa 1984:32); everybody (Notes N:28); completely; onlytε-f?r?ka (mε-)n. flea(k?)f?r??kv. climb (Kalissa 1984:24,27)f?tadj. stuck (as of a door) (Diassi 1984:86)a-f?ts (ε-)n. (Bkl) iron (Koelle 1854/1963)ko-fatsn. iron pot (Conrad, Tshol)k?fatn. cicatrice (Diassi 1974:28 )k?fatshn. period of engagement for marriage (B. Bangoura 1974:60); the obligations rendered by the fiancé (k?)fativ. refuse (Diassi 1974:28)-fεadv. (negative suffix to verbs) not (Kalissa 1984:35; Notes N:1)k?-fen. coolness, the cold (Arcin 1907; Kalissa 1984:9; Diassi 1974:24)?-fe dakan. poor person (lit., “one who [has] nothing”)a-fef n. wind (Kalissa 1984:32; Diassi 1974:44); figuratively:a foolish person; February - March, lit. "wind" -- time of winnowing when wind drives away the chaff (Notes M:82).wi-f?k?s (a-)n. fisherman (k?)f?nv. sweep fendanin. (Su) symbol/sign/gesture/parable metaphor (B. Bangoura 1974:47, 72Fεni/Finin. name given to a woman's fourth born daughter (Notes L:7) (k?)fεntv. understand (Notes N:39)ka-fεntsh (a-)n. blade of kop (Notes L:38) (S. Bangoura 1972:39), the blade (Notes L:38)(k?)fεntshv. hoe, plow the rice fields (S. Bangoura 1972:39; Kalissa 1984:39; Diassi 1974:17,90)(k?)fε?v. sweep (Diassi 1974:70)(k?)f???tv. wipe dry p?-f??? (y?-)n. broom (JNC)feoadv. neverFεpn. (PUK) = aBεmp; the bird(k?)fεpv. beat brutally (Diassi 1974:34)(k?)ferv. beat the drum/gong (Diassi 1974:34; Hockins draft 2013:21) at Kakilensh, Bukor, and Kouffin; an initiation for married young men equal to a-Tεk?n (Notes M:48)wi-fer (a-) n. drummer (k?)fεrv. place an object across (a hole, a space); v. tilt (Diassi 1974:26)a-fer kεsan. iron box (Notes M:13) (k?)fεrεnεv. lounge (Diassi 1974:26); v. peep on someone(k?)f?rm?v. lean over fεrnεadj. crooked, bent, hunchbacked(k?)fεtv. decrease, diminishfεtadj. small, young (Diassi 1974:40) (Notes N:6)(k?)fεtv. scale fish; v. shave the hair (Diassi 1974:24)a-fεtshn. irona-fεtsh (-)n. iron cooking pot (a-Bunu & a-tf?n, and B’kor) (Diassi 1974:17); cf. kori?r?de-fet (s?-)n. sow rice seeds de-fεtn. rice nursery in the village – "of the young" (cf. k?-f?lf?l)wi-fεt (a-)n. boy child (Arcin 1907; Diassi 1974:40), younger brother (k?)fetanεv. whistle through the fingers, or blow on the trumpet (luk);v. announce the arrival of the initiates in town for final ceremonies (Bangura 1972:79 (k?)fεtεv. be little (Diassi 1974:34)wi-f?tra (a-)n. girl child, younger sister a-f?ya (-)n. person who guides a boat(k?)fiv. die (Kalissa 1984:14; Diassi 1974:26) (Notes N:27)a-fi (-)n. the small of the back (Diassi 1974:26), waist (Notes L:32)dε-fi/de-fin. death (Diassi 1974:26; Sarro 2009:xiv; Notes N:12) k?-fin. = k?p of Bstwi-fi (a-)n. dead person (Diassi 1974:26)te-fia n. little back (loin) (Diassi 1974:34)a-fif (-)n. wind wu-fiki (na-)n. backbiter (Notes N:81)(k?)fiklev. shake/crack (a whip) (Notes N:97)Fini/Fεnin. name given to woman's fourth born daughter (Notes L:7; B. Bangoura 1974:29)(k?)fir v. find, sight, discover (Notes N:17)k?-firn. steam na-fitsn. brain (Notes L:31)Flsan. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)F’nakn. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)f?adv. not/do not/ am not/ (Kalissa 1984:11, 32, 35) (Notes N:27)(k?)f?v. tell/instruct (Kalissa 1984:30) (?)f?adj. true (Notes N:5)t?-fo (m?-)n. placem?-fo f?pn. everywherewu-f?-baka (a-)n. non-Baga; non-initiated Baga youth (Sarro 2009:xvi)a-fob?tn. bull-rushdo-fobotn/ rice-nursery (Paulme 1957:267) (?)a-f?f (-)n. peeling from fruit (Diassi 1974:24,34)(k?)f?iv. winnow (from the rice) (Diassi 1974:34); v. floatdo-foianan. late afternoonf?l?v. (Su) begin (Diassi 1974:26)(k?)f?n/fonv. cut something to even height (Diassi 1974:70), shavek?-fon (tsh?-)n. hair (Notes L:31)(k?)fonn?v. dress the hairf?p (no sing.)n. callous on the hand (Diassi 1974:24)(k?)f?rv. slander (Diassi 1974:34) gossip (Notes N:70) d?-f?r (f?r)n. eye (Notes L:31)(k?)f?r?v. suffer (Notes N:13)af?ron. gown worn by boys in initiation:a single cloth hung from neck to heels (Sylla 1984:10) black (Notes M:27; Camara 1975:29 ); cloth worn by D'mba(k?)for?nv. close (Koita 1983:29)Forsan. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)fosadj. empty(k?)fos v. divine and avenge the source of witchcraft (S. Bangura 1972:51; Sylla 1984:8)) (Appia 1943:169:fossi [Su])fossa n. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270)(k?)f?tov. (< Engl) take a picture (Notes N:40)(k?)f?t?v. think (Notes N:14)(k?)fotshv. twist and squeeze (the laundry, etc.); figuratively:exploitk?-fotsh (-)n. foam, lather (Diassi 1974:26,91)fuadj. (Bkl & Bst) new, young (Koelle 1854/1963) (Diassi 1974:59)a-fun. shockku-fu (tshu-)n. grave (Diassi 1974:59)to-fun. cylindrical, roofed, large storage container for salt made of plaited sticks with grass roof (Sylla 1984:2) (S. Bangoura 1972:34); like a small round house (B. Bangoura 1974:8)to-fukn. a small toad w. big belly(k?)fulav. whistlefum (a-)n. person (Diassi 1974:92), somebody (Notes N:28); pl.:people (Kalissa 1984:32); sensibility (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)wu-fum-wu-letsh (a-fum-a-l?tsh)n. enemy (Notes L:64) (JNC)do-fumn. personality (Diassi 1974:26) (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)y?-fumn. nobody (Notes N:59)(k?)fur v. slanderdofuran. period of marriage ceremonies for bride, incl. kipisε dofura i-fura (?-furan)n. sister-in-law/wife (Tyam 1976:44) (Notes L:36)wufura / (a)n. bride (Diallo 1974:41 )a-furmana kind of medium sized fish that has big teeth and bites people (teeth are like a person's)(k?)furpv. blow(k?)futuv. pierceG (see also K)da-g?n. rice flour (Notes L:1)(k?)gfa?v. fasten giné kobi n. (Su) a variety of rice (Paulme 157:270; Traoré 1980:407); lit,:"bad woman" in SusuHha?prep. until (Kalissa 1984:26); for a long timeI (i & ?)i/im/in/i?pron. (Bkl & Bst) I (Kalissa 1984:23) (Koelle 1854/1963) in kuri m/nuphr. (Bkk) I greet you! (Notes M:109)inapron. me Inapn. (Bkb & Bkk) = a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol (Notes M:109) Insondjen. (NAL) = aMantsho?aTsholit?phr. "that is why" (Notes N:1)iya (iya-?a?)n. mother (Kalissa 1984:13; Notes N:24)iya w?-rann. aunt (father’s sister) JJambann. (PUK) = D'mba; cf. YambanKkaprep. of (Notes N:5)k?pron. him (Notes N:19)a-ka (tsh?-)n. hippopotamuswu-ka (a-)n. the owner (Notes N:97)d?-k?-wol?sn. performance area (Hockins draft 2013:23)wu-ka yem (a-)n. liar (Notes N:71)da-ka / pa-ka (tsha-)n. thing, something (Notes N:34, 42)wu-ka do-t?f (a-)n. native to a village (Sarro 2009:xvi) ["one who owns the land"]wu-ka yimki (a-)n. a man of science (Notes N:96)Kabulun. (Bkl) a kind of mask (Notes M:134)wu-ka da bi (a-)n. the deceased (Notes N:51)da-ka da fumn. somebody's property (Notes N:98)wu-ka da-ka (a-)n. the owner (Notes N:91)da-ka dirisadj. empty-handed (Notes N:11)wuka dof?rn. person with omnivision wuka k?l? k?p?n (a) / wu-ka kanu (a)n. elder in charge of the k?l? k?p?n (Notes M:27) (k?)kafle/ kafliv. turn oneself, turn (something) over fig,:turn (someone into (something) (assimilate)(k?)kaiv. hollow out (Diassi 1974:32), excavate; fig.:inquirekakan. measles (Tyam 1976:42)a-kak?m (-)n. bat Kakilamben. (< Su) = aMantsho?oP?n (Sylla 1984:6; Notes L:11) -- Kaki is the name of a tree (Latin name:gomme copal) that is very tall; Lambe means "to climb". Possible meaning is something that ranges as tall as the Kaki tree. (Notes M:107)kak?adj. thisa-kak?pron. them wi-kaksa (a-)n. Baga Sobane in Bst (from kεk?s = "to surround and protect (someone)" - (when the Bkk migrated, the Bst protected them)Kakuliman. (Bkb) a face mask similar to Dudu, with lots of attachments (Notes at IFAN, photos:masks:Musée National, Conakry?); mask for Menda society (Notes M:118); the sacred mountain at Dubrekadu-k?-l?n. bedroom (Notes L:35); lit:" room of house"(k?)kalv. inundate, plunge (something) into water to capsize (a boat) (Diassi 1974:32)a-kalaitshn. (Bmn) the iron gong; = ke-se in Bst (Notes M:92)a-k?l?ntshen (-)n. chameleon (Paulme 1958:414; FL consultants)d?-k?lap/diklapn. a tight path in the forest(k?)kalεv. dive; drowna-k?lentshen (-)n. chameleonkakilin. (< Su) independent thinking in the head (as opposed to communal thinking in the belly) (Sarro 2000:173-174) (JNC)kalma (tshalma)n. hyena (Diassi 1974:79)Kalumn. those of the piedmont, the grasslands (the Baga Kalum) (see ka-lum)kamban. plain cooked rice without sauce or oil (Notes N:21)K?mba?n. (Bmn) a figure/mask that sat on a stool with its head covered by a white cloth; kept in sacred house (Notes M:95) seems to serve the purpose of T??k??gba among the Bst and KOK (Notes M:96)da-kambomn. (Bkk) the name of the sacred forest of male initiation (Notes M:106)kamkamεnεn. December, lit. "your own" time of shortage when only relatives can give you food (Notes M:82)kampa (tshampa)n. pruning knife kamuin. the pod with red seeds that is used to produce red paint (Notes M:33)a-kann. evil, fault kanaf?adj., adv. so-called, supposed, supposedly kanda (tshanda)n. civet cat kank?adj. this (B’kor); cf nk?a-k?ntshn. wood of mangrove trees (Camara 1975:81); wood used to carve stools, pestles, tool handles (ibid:73a, 91). cf. a-k?ntsh = "the initiates" (k?)k?ntshv. circumcise (Notes N:5)kak?ntshn. initiation/circumcision (Bangura 1972:77; 21:kakentsh; the final stage of Bansonyi initiation (Notes L1519 ) female initiation I (N'Diaye 1980:c3:Nkintsh) [from Susu:Gayantii circumcision? N'Diaye 1980:105]w?-k?ntsh (a-)n. circumcised boy (Notes L:15, N:20) in initiation (MB)w?k?ntsh wop?n (a-)n. boy chosen to be circimcised ahead of the other, the night before. (Notes M:7) = witibis w?k?ntsh (a-) n. woman who performs the female excision (of y??goyeli in Su.)a-kantsa (-)n. cheek (Diassi 1974:27) (Notes L:32); jaw (Notes N:63)Kanun. (Bst & Bmn) the supreme creator God (Notes M:91; Bangoura 1974:55) (no plural—JNC)KanukuP?nn. = Kanu, ??the Great God?? (Sylla 1984:5; Camara 1975:26)k??anphr. (prep.-pron.) to them Ka?k?b?lán. (Bmn) = T?nk?ngba in Bstka?kann. each one(k?)karv. wait (Kalissa 1984:32; Diassi 1974:21; Notes N:9, 14)k?-karn. patience (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)wi-kirfin (a-)n. spiritual being with negative character (Bangoura 1991:34; Notes L26, 30, Notes M:91; Paulme 1958:412) (JNC)da-k?r?fi/k?rfin. (Bmn) the next world (of ancestors and a-k?rfi (Notes M:99)wi-kiren. sister (Notes L:41) (JNC)k?rek?tshamatadj. (Bkb) fifty (Notes M:117)k?rek?tshamat mar??adj. (Bkb) seventy (Notes M:117) k?rek?tshamat rama?readj. (Bkb) ninety (Notes M:117)k?rek?tshamat r?masasadj. (Bkb) eighty (Notes M:117)k?rek?tshamat rikinadj. (Bkb) sixty (Notes M:117)k?rema?readj. (Bkb) forty (Notes M:117)k?remar??adj. (Bkb) twenty (Notes M:117)k?remar?? int?tinadj. (Bkb) twenty-one (Notes M:117) k?remar?? ma?readj. (Bkb) twenty-four (Notes M:117)k?remar?? masasadj. (Bkb) twenty-three (Notes M:117)k?remar?? m?mar??adj. (Bkb) twenty-two (Notes M:117)k?remasasadj. (Bkb) thirty (Notes M:117)k?remasas int?tinadj. (Bkb) thirty-one (Notes M:117)k?remasas m?mar??adj. (Bkb) thirty-two (Notes M:117)k?r?snaadj., adv. first, initially o-k?rfi n. (Bmn) bad spirit; cf. wi-k?rfi(n) in Bstde-kirfinn. world of the spirits (JNC)Karun. = Kanu? (Paulme 1958:414) ([Ma] = "moon" Arcin 1907:394)kas (tshas)n. father [as term of address] (Diassi 1974:32)ukas (a-)n. father (cf. apa)ukask?fεtn. "little father" (B.Bangoura 1974:25 ):father's brother (k?)k?snεv. think (Notes L:47)Kass?a variation of aMantsho?o-Pon for young men (Notes M:53).a-k?t?/a-kata (-)n. skin (Notes L:32)k?tamatadj. (Bkb) five (Notes M:116)k?taras?k?n. the third day after today (Notes T:32)k?taras?k?k?rar??n. the fourth day after today (Notes T:32)k?tarundun. the fifth day after today (Notes T:32)k?tarunduk?rar??n. the sixth day after today (Notes T:32)katnaadj. fast, quick (by) (Kalissa 1984:29)k?tsam?tadj. five (5) (Notes L:37)a-katshn. stingray k?ts?f?tadj. (Bkb) ten (Notes M:116)k?ts?f?t ma??riadj. (Bkb) fourteen (Notes M:116)k?ts?f?t mar??adj. (Bkb) twelve (Notes M:116)k?ts?f?t masasadj. (Bkb) thirteen (Notes M:116)k?ts?f?t rikinadj. (Bkb) eleven (Notes M:116) k?ts?f?t tamatr?ma?readj. (Bkb) nineteen (Notes M:117)k?ts?f?t tamatr?mar?? adj. (Bkb) seventeen (Notes M:117)k?ts?f?t tamatr?masasadj. (Bkb) eighteen (Notes M:117)k?ts?f?t tamatrikinadj. (Bkb) sixteen (Notes M:117)k?ts?f?t tsamatadj. (Bkb) fifteen (Notes M:117)11kaweadj. before (Notes N:13)wu-kayinki (a-)n. servantde-ken. theft (Diassi 1974:27)wi-ke (a-)thief (Kalissa 1985:30:Diassi 1974:26) ke?nd?ln. (Engl) candletε-kεkn. a kind of fish (Diassi 1974:32)(k?)kεkv. beat (a rhythm on the drum) (Diassi 1974:27)kek (tsek)n. beard (Arcin 1907)/ chin (Diassi 1974:32) (Notes L:32)(k?)kεk?sv. protectkel (tshel)n. hoe (Sarro 2009:xv)Kelefan. (see kεLefa)a-keli (-)n. rat kεlk?laadj., adv. fastkεme kinadj. (Bkb) one hundred (Notes M:117)dε-kεn (sε-) n. muscle (at Tolkotsh)kεn (tshεn) n. the army ant (Diassi 1974:32)te-kenn. ember, live coal (Diassi 1974:61) kenkn. sharkkεntε?n. (Bkk) a mask for entertainment (Notes M:114)a-k?p (-)n. portion (Diassi 1974:32) ak?r / dek?r (s?-)n. veranda ( Notes L:36; Notes N:29, 51; Notes T:36) kerεn. mother (Notes N:14) (Notes N;23)(k?)kεrε/k’r?v. bring, carry (Notes L:59), carry away, to take to (Notes N:25); v. send (Notes N:59); v. (figuratively) induce spiritual possession (Notes N:46);v. bring home (Diassi 1974:27);v. lead to(k?)kεtv. draw, fetch (a liquid) (Diassi 1974:31); draw fish from a dam; fish (S. Bangoura 1972:34:fishing) - by bailing water out of a pool to catch the fishkete keten. tuberculosis (Tyam 1976:42)ki/pi/tsi, etc.pron. it (direct object) (Diassi 1974:105)ki-rinprep. beforekinkilitshinn. stick used by evildoers (aser) to hit victims (Paulme 1958:414)Kinsonn. generic name for aBεmp, Yombofissa, Signal/Sinyal, and Tiyambo, named for carver (Holas 1947:65) a?-ki?kilin. outer and inner ring of bound rods at the circumference of the roof support (Notes T:36, 38)kip (tship)n. crab cf.:kε-tere, k?-mbank?s, k?mbankurmεnε, k?-mεnε wi-kirε (a-)n. sister (Kalissa 1984:25, 37; Diassi 1974:92; Notes N:61)kiringi/kirinchin. (Su) a doubleheadded drum played in sets of three at general celebrations (Chevier 1906:35460); slit gong kiri?adj. forward, in front (Notes L:64)(k?)kisv. gather in a heapa-kisinn. spitting cobra (Diassi 1974:31); cf. a-wut bεp?nwi-kiya (a-)n. maternal cousin (k?)kiyεv. steal (Notes N:40)klentshn. the crossing (MB)ka-klentshn. those who have crossed the boundary (MB) [the a-Tako who first crossed the Kapachez River]da-kma (sa-)n. sword (Notes L:36)k?conj. and (Kalissa 1984:8; Daissi 1974:79)k?adv., n. there (Kalissa 1984:39) if (Notes N:14)k?pron. him (k?)k?v. go (Kalissa 1984:10; Diassi 1974:16; Notes N:49) (e.g., in k? da-l? = “I’m going to the rice field”)wi-k? d? k?-l?n. new bride (lit.:“she who goes to the house”) (k?)k? do-bov. fish (Notes N:36). cf. do-boa-k?b? (-)n. bottle (Paulme 1957:268) (Diassi 1974:26)akobon na atsholn. atshol made of a bottle of water, wood fragment, & kola (Paulme 1957:268 )uk?d'kul?n. man who helps carry the bride in a hammock to her new home, lit.:"He who goes to the house" (B. Bangoura 1974:62)kofi (tshofi)n. cabinet k?ftha (ts?ftha)n. shoe (Kalissa 1984:13)k?gba (tsh?gba)n. underpants a-kok (-)n. penis (Engl “cock”?) (Bangoura 1972:86) (Diassi 1974:27) (Notes L:31) po-kok (-)n. big penis . cf. pε-ritto-kok (-)n. small penis ?-k?k?m (tsh?-)n. banana leaf (Notes S:93)koknεt (tshoknεt)n. (< Engl) coconut (Kalissa 1984:13)Kokon. (Bmn) name given to a woman's fourth born daughter (Notes M:88)(k?)k?lv. touch kola (tsola)n. kola nut (Notes L:39)kolma (s&pl)n. (< Nalu) peanut (Bst -- a-Bunu) (cf. p?-ma?kola in a-Tako)kolon. today (Notes N:8)k?m (ts?m)n. sky (Diassi 1974:24; Notes L:35)k?m (ts?m) n. crayfish (Diassi 1974:34)(k?)komv. give birth; bear fruit; bear children (Notes N:8)wu-kom (a?-)relative, related person (Notes N:33)da-kom/ do-komn. (no pl.) kinship (Diassi 1974:83), family relationship (Notes N:61)dokom(εnε)dar?kun n. patrilineage (B. Bangoura 1974:24 )dokom(εnε)darann. matrilineage (B. Bangoura 1974:24)o-komphr. she gives birth (Notes L:47)a-kombε (-)n. clam with large fluted shellKombon. (PUK) = aMantsho?oP?n. cf. Konbol / Komboldo-kombra (no pl.)n. maternity (Diassi 1974:94)wu-kombra (a-)n. suckling mother (Diassi 1974:85; Notes L:36)do-komεnεn. line of descent; …da-ran = cognatic (maternal) line; …da-rkun = agnatic (paternal) line wo-komεnε n. relationship between a man and his in-laws Komnεn. ancestor spirit, male and female, in costume of dried banana leaves worn by boys under the age of fifteen at night during the full moon (Notes M:55)k?m? n. (Mikifore) mask (Diassi 1974:26 )komp (tshomp) n. palm kernel (with red outer shell) (cf. do-komp, tsh?-komp)a-komp (-)n. palm tree (general) (S. Bangoura 1972:21)do-komp (ts?-)n. palm kernel cluster (Diassi 1974:89) (cf. komp)tsh?-komp (d?-)n. palm nut (interior, without shell) komponye n. (Su?) dinner served to the workers in the rice fields (S. Bangoura 1972:30 )komporonn. (Bkb) bowl (Notes M:124)komtu (tshomtu) / kumtu (tshumtu) n. (at Katako / at Tolkotsh) cap (cf. t?-mbo)a-konn. a sp. of hard wood, used to carve the head of a-Mantsho-?o-P?n; wood was sacred -- it was said to be able to move about on its own (Notes Q:12).to-kon (mo-)n. a kind of fish (Paulme 1957:273), catfish (Diassi 1974:43)n-k?n ? ban a-Bol n. "He who has taken a-Bol" - the initiate who reaches a-Bol first in the final stage of third level initiation (Bangoura 1972:87; Camara 1975:39 )Konbol / Kombol n. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Bangoura 1972:85; B. Bangoura 74:49; Diallo 74:56; Notes L-45; Camara 1975:34) konkon. sleeping rooms of the house, surrounding the central space. (Sylla 1976:30 )konkon. a coiled basket (Sylla 1976:58), used at the dikes to open and close to let water in or outKonin. (Bmn) name given to a woman's third born daughter (Notes M:88)kontsh (tshontsh)n. charcoal a-k?ntan. a sp. of hard wood used to carve the tali (Notes L:40) and masks (Camara 1975:73a), e.g. D'mba (Notes M:37; S:177)k?nt?filin. (Su) embarrassment, distress, trouble (Notes N:1)Konu / Kunu n. (in a-Tako/ a-Bunu) name given to a woman's third born daughter (Notes L:7; B. Bangoura 1974:29)k?p (tsh?p)n. (< Nalu?) long blade with long handle (wood tipped with iron) used by a man to plow furrows and dikes in rice swamps (Traoré 1980:407) spade (Notes L:38). Various forms of the k?p are:k?p ku-bump, k?p ku-s'rok, k?p ku-b?tsh, an-kubεl u-rok, an-kubεl ?n-p?n (Notes S:218), k?p k?-fεt (Notes S:229), t?p; technically only the wooden blade of the instrument (cf. ka-gbala, ka-f?ntsh), but also the entire instrument including handle, wooden blade, and metal tipkopεr (tshopεr)n. a sp. of wood used in carving tool handles (Camara 1975:73a); large mangrove trees found at edge of ocean and marigots korn. belly (S. Bangoura 72:22; Notes L:32)kor (tshor)n. clan [lit., "belly], lineage group (S. Bangoura 72:22); extended fanily (B. Bangoura 74:20,24 = ku-sunka (k?)k?rv. call (upon); imploreKoran. (Bkb) Goda-k?readv., n. "Why?" (Notes N:11); "What is wrong?" (Notes N:58)a-korkonta/korokonta (-)n. crocodile k?rk?radj. entire a?-koro/a?-kuran. a kind of vine whose root bark is used in making yellow dye/ paint (Sylla 1976:39; Camara 1975:81); camwoodk?r?nbatan. (PUK) = a-ntshampan of Bst (Conrad 2015)k?rt? (tsh?rt?)n. witch gun (k?)kosv. scatch (k?)k?sv. scale fish (cf. tεt);k?s (ts?s)n. star (Arcin 1907; Diassi 1974:30,36 )k?s (tsh?s)n. small shrimp do-kos (no pl.)n. friendship (Diassi 1974:83), mate, age grade (general term) wi-kos (a-)n. friend (Notes L:60; Kalissa 1984:39); age-mate(k?)k?tv. walk (Kalissa 1984:14); (Notes L:47)(k?)kotv. attach, tie (Diassi 1974:40)kotn. (Engl “coat”?) sport coatt?-k?tsh (m?-)n. hip (MB)k?-kot k?-tchan. first phase of engagement for marriage:attaching a strand of palm leaf (k?-bat) on the young girl's waist (B.Bangoura 1974:60 )wu-kot(εnε) k?-fatch (a-)n. spokesman for a man engaging in marriage (B.Bangoura 1974:61 )k?taadj. (Su) having supernatural knowledge and abilities -- the expertise of sorcerers; fig.:extremely clever; the state of having this characteristic, as in ?n k?ta = "He's bad [in the sense in African-American speech]." (Notes S:115); evil-possessing sorcerer's knowledge (cf. lεtsh) (Sarro 2009:xv)(k?)k?t?sv. walk to (Notes N:50)koten. load (Notes N:40)(k?)k?tεnεv. work, operate (Notes N:80)K?t?n. title of small female initiate chosen to serve the others (Bangoura 1972:82); girl not yet initiated (B. Bangoura 1974:46); young uninitiated girl who acts as servant for female initiates undergoing excision (Diallo 1974:47)Koy?rundun. (Bkb) = al-B'rak; lit. "It is there"; in answer to the question "Where is the mask you have?" one would answer:"Koy?rundu" (Notes M:127)Koyilon. (Bkk) a mask, = Dudu? (Plastique 1968:11); a mask used for entertainment (Notes M:108) = Sibila; always at the front of the line of male or female initiates (Notes M:123)krenn. yearkriman. leprosy (Tyam 1976:42)mε-kro?n. mountains (Notes N:13)kruwen. spirit (Notes N:87)tshe-ktshekn. night; cf. pi-bida-kun. a fool (Notes N:11)(k?)kuarv. (Bkl) give birthkuaten. = ta-fo anti-binko(k?)kufunv. cover (with a lid) kukn. (Engl) cook. cf wu-tsho?a-kuln. a species of wood -- used to carve human figures; called "pork [meat]" in Susu (Notes S:201)ku-kula (tshu-)n. bean kulεadj. noisy (Notes N:13); adj. spectacular, exquisite (Notes N:46)(k?)kulεv. bellow, shout (Diassi 1974:105), rejoice, make a noisepu-kul?kul?n. noise (Notes N:61); news [figuratively] (Notes N:40)a-kulokulo (-)n. a bird:medium-arge, white and gray with bright yellow beak, crestd?-kulum (s?-)n. the bush [sacred?] (Sarro 2009:xiv)(k?)kumv. (Bkl) to give birthpo-kum (yo-kum)n. fruit kumba (tshumba)n.door at the front of a house (Roman Camara) (Notes L:36; Notes T:36); ku-mba?Kumbaruban. royal crocodile spirit (Chefs 1966:33; Appia 1943:158160), incorporating bird, serpent, crocodile, fish (Silva 1956a:37), chameleon, and human head. Worn by biggest initiate of k?k?ntsh (Notes M:45); = Banda/Dudukumbaruban. drum supported by horse (Notes L:13) (Roman Bangoura says this is the timba); cf. Kumba Dubaa?-ku-mber (wu-mber)n. small spade used to build the dykes used to collect salt (S. Bangoura 1972:38)do-kumbomn. place where both female and male initiates of k?-Bεrε-Tshol were kept (Notes M:26)Kumbukumn. sacred forest of a-Mantsho-?a-Tεmp at TolkotshKulpεmpεn. (Bkb) a mask used during initiation (Notes M:121)Kulpεmpε Rogbanεn. (Bkb) a kind of mask (Notes M:119)kunan. honor (Notes L:58)kuntshin. father-in-law of the wife (father of the husband) kur (tshur) n. pile of harvested rice in the fields (Diassi 1974:21,59)kuradj. old (Diassi 1974:103)wu-kur (a- / kura?a [?])n. ancestor Kuran. = aMantsho?aTshol (Notes M:19,33)tsha-kura?a (-)n. story, history (lit.:“things of the ancestors”) n'kurinexcl. good day!ya kuriprep. during (Notes N:45)kur ke yi?kεn. stomach trouble (Notes N:73)kurk?nt?n. fresh water alligator (Notes M:30)Kur?n. (Bkl) God; also Kur?masaba (Notes M:131)(k?)kurnεv. invite (Notes N:41)k?-kusn. last phase of engagement for marriage:akotenε k?-fatch offer wine in the ru-buntεnε to family of bride, and announce marriage. (B. Bangoura 1974:61 )ku-kusn. final ceremony of initiation to a-Bol, in which initiates pour wine for the elders (Notes S:129)a-kutn. room for the newly married couple Lk?-lagban. long raffia skirt (of D'mba, etc.) (Notes M:15)lakn. (Engl) lockwi-lak? (a-)n. concubine(k?)l?mv. throw (-) lamp (s?-)n. (< Su/Engl) lamp (Diassi 1984,96)k?-l?mp (ts?-)n. well (for water) (Notes L:36; N:95)k?-lanka (tsh?-)n. head louse a-l?nsn. (Bkl?) ear (Bangoura 1972:21)(k?)lantv. tend the farm, lit.:drive away the birds from the fields (Notes L:48)da-lantman. Kokoli (Landuma) country (Diassi 1974:44)wi-lantma (a-)n. Kokoli (Landuma) person (Diassi 1974:94) lit:" those who drove away the birds on the farm"(k?)la?v. breath laboriously, heavily (when sick, or during sex or excitement) (Diassi 1974:35,40,65?-la? (na-)n. (Bmn) bell (Notes M:92)wa-la?n. (1) sacred dances of k?-k?ntsh performed only in a-fan (Notes M:36 ) (2) Dance of the initiates of k?-k?ntsh in which the initiates crouch and beat their staffs on the ground to the rhythm of a master dancer (?) and the tali (B. Bangoura 1974:73-74 ) (3) the rhythm of this dance (Notes S:137)a-l???s (-)n. ear (Notes L:31)a-l??k (-)n. leg (Notes L:31), thigh (Notes L:32)(k?)lapv. have shame (Diassi 1974:34)k?-lap (?-)n. a clearing (Diassi 1974:39); an entrance (footpath) into the forest; ma-lapn. shame na?-lapphr. "I am ashamed" (Notes N:57)(k?)lap?rnεv. be ashamed (collectively) (Notes N:58)l?p?sadj. the last, the remainder (Kalissa 1984:27)t?-l?p?s (m?-)n. the last time t?-l?p?s-t?-l?p?sadv. most recently ta-lapεnεn. a non-sexual alliance between a boy and a girl, lit.:"white marriage," rarely resulting in real marriage (B. Bangoura 1974:34) (k?)l?ps?rv. be latet?-l?r (m?-)n. finger t?-l?r-ta-d?k?tsh (m?-l?r-m?-n. toe lar?madj., adv. much, many, a lotlareadj. fullLarian. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)(k?)lasv. fill (Diassi 1974:28)(k?)l?s?rv. bring trouble, spoil (Notes N:29, 52)(d?)lεv. be strong (Diassi 1974:30) (JNC) (k?)lev. scold, slander (Diassi 1974:17,28)(k?)lεv. invoke (Notes N:15); shout (sing) (Notes N:31) a-len. flower of the palm tree used to make paint brushes and mosquito chasers (RB); brush for painting (Camara 1975:80) - made from the flower of the palm tree:a-le (RB)da-lεn. farming (Notes L:43); the swamp, rice swamp, field (Kalissa 1984:10, Camara 1975:73; Notes N:14) [I believe this is a collective noun, with no plural, as, for example, “farming”]) (e.g., in k? da-? = “I’m going to do farming,” or “I’m going to the rice fields”)k?-l? (tsh?-)n. organization formed for farming, bridge construction, etc. (Diallo 1974:35, Tyam 1976:14; Sarro 2009:xv) ke-lε (tshε-)n. grannary made in the form of a huge clay pot (unfired), built inside the house (S. Bangoura 1972:31,40; Paulme 1957:269; Camara 1975:92 , Notes L:36)me-le/ ma-yan. (Su) raffia (Camara 1975:113 )tε-l? (mε-)n. small grannary (Diassi 1974:28,35)(k?)lεkv. raise(k?)lεkv. take (Diassi 1974:35) (Notes N:28); take away (Notes N:46) take over, take charge (Notes N:50)v. expose (Notes N:4, 14) d?-k?-lek k?-bep ceremony at end of marriage ceremony after first sex act -- family of bride bring rice dish for groom to eat with his friends (RB) k?-leka (ts?-)n. basket given to newly married couple by parents of bride. (Notes K:7) bottom part of marriage rice basket (Notes M:18)lel/leli/lelεadj. (?/Katako/Tolokots) heavy (Kalissa 1984:40)lelen. (?) raised platforms of stakes used as a bed (Camara 1975:46)tε-lεlε (mε-)n. vagina (at Tolkotsh)a-lemb?r (-)n. a kind of fish (Paulme 1957:273):carplenkn. time of beginning of harvest (S. Bangoura 1972:64; Paulme 1957:257; Notes L:23):end of the rains (S. Bangoura 1972:64; Paulme 1957:257); ca. October 15- January 15 "thin season", late October-November (k?)l?nkv. blossom a-lεnt (-)n. sling (Diassi 1974:?) (used to hurl stones to chase birds)k?-lεntshn. new settlement/town/village. cf. dare (Notes M:5). cf. village of Kaklεntsha-lεntshεn. place in the bush where D'mba is kept (Notes L:40-41, M:23, 24); husk of Wak?rba; also a children's spirit? (N'Diaye 1980:63) k?-lεntshen. the Ter sacred forest grove (Notes M:83); the sacred forest grove of a-Mantsho-?o-P?n (Notes U:Tolkotsh)(k?)le? / le??sv. sing (S. Bangoura 1972:29; Camara 1975:38; Diassi 1974:17; Kalissa 1984:14, 21)te-le? (me-)n. song (Sarro 2009:xvi)k?-le?an. tail (Diassi 1974:35)wi-le??s (a-)n. singer t?-l??b?tsh (m?-)n. wrist we-lε?kn. elephant (Notes M:15) k?-le?gben. hut built to house a-Mantsho ?a-Tshol during the rainy season (Notes M:33)a-lep/we-lep(?)n. a sp. of light porous wood (Camara 1975:59)lεpsradj., adv. last (B. Bangoura 1974:30)u-lεpsradj., n. "the last" - a suffix added to children's given names at birth, e.g. Tshotsho-u-lεpsr, "the last Tshotsho" i.e. the sixth born boy of a mother (B. Bangoura 1974)te-lεr (me-)/tε-lεr (mε-)n. finger (Diassi 1974:77,93) (Notes L:32)tε-ler-ta-d?k-ts?k (mε-ler-ma-d?k-ts?k)n. toe (Notes L:32) (JNC)a-les?nn. cow or horse-tail switch (Notes M:26) held by women when dancing a-Tεk?n (Notes M:37)(k?)l?tv. pinch (Diassi 1974:28)lεtshadj. bad, unmannerly, hideous (Diassi 1974:24,83) rotten (Notes N:79)wi-lεtsh (a-)n. villain, ugly person (Diassi 1974:44)p?-l?tshn. badness a-leuleun. wigeon, Anas penelope (a kind of duck)a-lf?tn. Balaeniceps rex (whale-headed stork bird) ?; or Leptoptilos crumeniferus (maribou bird) ?ka-liki ku-t?kn. (Bmn) bowl used to eat rice (Notes M:85)pi-lili/p?-leln. weightk?-lim (ts?-)n. bundle of wood (Diassi 1974:24)ki-lim/k?-lim (tsi/ ts?-) n. neck (Kalissa 1984:9; Diassi 1974:24; Notes L:32)lin (no pl.?)n. saliva (Diassi 1974:42)(k?)linεv. address oneself, talk to oneself.(k?)li?v. draw (Diassi 1974:67) ki-li?n. wounded part of body(k?)lipv. finish (doing something) (Kalissa 1984:24,39; Diassi 1974:65), end;v. kill (Notes N:60), exterminate (Notes N:77)lipadj., adv. finished, complete; total; onlyde-lipn. demise (Notes N:29)k?-lipn. pork-skin (Diassi 1974:28) ki-lipn. endki-lip ka du-run. end of the worldlipa n. torch (Diassi 1974:84)tε-lipan. small drum used in a-Bol dance (Camara 1974:34) ?= k?-ntshmp in small form de-lipm?n. end, tail(k?)lipnεv. finish (S. Bangoura 1972:24) wi-lipnε (a-)n. elders of the highest rank; lit. "those who have finished" (S. Bangoura 1972:24); elderly ritual specialists at the apex of the age grades (Curtis & Sarro 1998:133)litern. (Engl) liter (liquid measure)v?-liven. (?) fruits of labor (Notes L:58) (k?)l? / l?-nεv. build (a house) (Kalissa 1984:14; Diassi 1974:35,43); v. marry (refers only to a woman marrying a man) (Notes N:49) [as in “to build a household”)d?-l?n. river (Kalissa 1984:29)k?-l?/ku-l? (wo-)n. house (Notes L:23,35; S. Bangoura 1972:21)k?-l? (w?-)n. marriage - refers only to the woman marrying a man; cf. k?-nεntshε, k?-gba?nε, l?p?-l?n. a big house (cf. k?-l?) (Diassi 1974:37) t?-l? (m?-)n. a little house (Diassi 1974:40)wu-l?n. bride k?-l? darentshn. roof k?-l? disrεn. family compound (Paulme 56:109) , = kor, ku-sunka; lit. "inside the house" (S. Bangoura 1974:18); secrets of the familyk?-l?-k?-bakin. (Bmn) = k?-l?-k?-p?n of Bsi (lit., "house of the elders”); cf. ku-mbala (Notes M:85-88)k?-l? ka iya kemn. mother's house:"House of my mother" (Bangoura 1972:86) k?-l? ka papa kemn. father's house:"House of my father" (Bangoura 1972:86)k?-l?-k?-p?n/wo-l?-wo-ponn. large sacred house of a family (Camara 1975:47; Paulme 1956:109) (Notes L-45); "great house" occupied by the lineage elder (S. Bangoura 1972:23) or a separate small sacred house ku-l? kin kaíkosín. name of a lineage group of second rank (Paulme 1956:109), the "sons in law", lit. "house -- one to be in for it" (Paulme 1958:412); those in the same house, the male decendents of a single ancestor. Cf. wu-sutoa-l?ba (-)n. sack to-lobε (mo-)n. a kind of small clam w. a long, oval,white, paper-thin shell, that hides in the mud or sand.lofn. (< Engl “loaf”?) bread (Diassi 1974:25)lokn. (< Engl) luckl?k? ? l?k?adv. now and then, always (JNC)(k?)loku / lukuv. tell, speak, charge with, entrust (Kalissa 1984:15, 23,24) (Notes N:1) (Notes N:14) to-loku / luku (mo-)n. talk, information, gossip (Notes N:2, 27, 33), word (Notes M:2), speech (k?)lokulokuv. argue po-lokuloku / lukulukun. language a-lol?m (-)n. nose (Notes L:31)lolimn. worn out, exhausted (Kalissa 1984:26)(k?)l?mv. count (Diassi 1974:89)l?madj. some (Notes N:84)a-lomn. color (Camara 1975:80) a-lom ?a-tshεben. the color yellow (Sylla 1975:39; Camara 1975:81)a-lom ?e-bin. the color black a-lom ?o-bukn. the color green (Sylla 1976:38) a-lom ?e-fern. the color white (Camara 75:81)a-lom ?e-yimn. the color red (Sylla 1976:38; Camara 1975:80)an-di-ta-lomn. (Bkk) the initiation for young men (Notes M:110)to-lom (mo-)n. anything sacred (Notes L-39,43; Camara 1975:48); sacred mask (Notes L:39); spirit's costume (Notes S:117); initiation (Notes N:46); pain (Sarro 2009:xvi)to-lom/to-lom-ta-Baga n. initiation society (Notes L:21)to-lom-ta-k?ntshn. the sacred, secret parts of initiation; an expression of affirmation added to a statement to give serious effect (B. Bangoura 1974:51), lit., "sacred spirit of circumcision" (?)to-lom-ta-rεnn. (Bkk) a society of women (Notes M:111)to-lom-ti-ta-r?-kunn. (Bkk) a male society (Notes M:111)wi-lom (a-)n. braggart (Diassi 1974:24)wu-l?m (a-l?ma)n. somebody (Notes N:29); some (people) d?-l?man. another (k?)l?m?sv. count (Kalissa 1984:15)a-lombεn. Phoeniculus purpureus (wood-hoopoe bird)(k?)lompv. be right, correct (Diassi 1974:62)lompadj. straight(k?)lomp?sv. organize (Notes N:13); arrange (the house) (Kalissa 1984:10); prepare (Paulme 1957:268); repair ku-lomp?s ka du-run. creationwu-lomp?s-a-tsholn. practitioner of medicine; lit. "one who prepares the a-Tshol (Paulme 58:412) (k?)lomp?sn?v. prepare (oneself) (k?)l?nεv. build (Notes N:4)lonkadj. rounda-lonk (-)n. ball (k?)l??(ε)v. capsize, overturn (Diassi 1974:35, 40)to-lo?k (mo-)n. calf of leg (Diassi 1974:69; Notes L:32)k?-lo?kan. small pile of harvested rice stalksto-lo?kon (mo-)n. lip (Notes L:31) k?-l??nεn. sacrifice of rice bread and kola (Notes M:29); any sacrifice sacrifice at k?-l?-k?-p?n (Notes M:29)lo?to adj. emptya-lop (-)m. fish (Bangoura 1972:86) (Diassi 1974:88) (Notes L:36)k?-lopn. strangler fig (Sarro 2009:xv); a wood whose soup is cooked and used to make black pigment (Camara 1975:81)to-lopn. small fish (Diassi 1974:30)ku-los?nn. Tockus semifasciatus (allied hornbill bird)(k?)l?tv. push (Diassi 1974:38)(k?)l?to v. get marrried (of woman) (Diassi 1974 :35,38) k?-loto (t?-/tsh?/tsho-)n. wrapper (skirt) (Kalissa 1984:25); piece of cloth (Notes L:36; Notes N:67); pl. = clothes (Notes N:45, 86); shroud (Notes N:27)a-luk (-)n. (Bst & Bmn) antelope horn (Notes M:89); cow horn; trumpet used at funerals (S. Bangoura 1972:73) and at initiations (ibid :79); used by initiates of ka-k?ntsh to blow when they enter the village while in initiation (B. Bangoura 1974:45)k?-lukn. deer (Diassi 1974:35)(k?)luk?sv. return (Notes N:43)(k?)luksεv. render; return (something (Kalissa 1984:40)tsu-luksoradj., n. the second, again (name added to each of five given names of a woman’s children, after the fifth, as in T??? tsu-luksor, “the second T???”)(k?)lukuv. tell (Notes N:52) (JNC)to-luku (mo-)n. the parade of elders (B. Bangoura 1974:20)k?-lulun. photoka-lumn. "the base of the mountain" (Notes L:12). cf. Mt. Kalum at Dubreka (origin of Baga Kalum ethnonym?)ku-lum (tshu-)n. grassland (Notes N:26), bush (Notes N:96), wasteland(k?)lu?nεv. pray (Notes N:51)M-mpron. you (sing., object [e.g., in b?t-m = “I love you”], possessive [e.g., k?-l? k?-m = “your house”) (Notes N:11)m?pron. you (sing., subject) (Kalissa 1984:23)m?-napron. you (sing., emphatic, as in m?-na, m? k? f?ntr? = “You! – Go to bed!”)Magb?sen. (Bkb) name given to male initiate (Notes M:121)Maferingn. an entertainment mask (Camara 1975:61).Mafudian. an entertainment mask (Camara 1975:61).maiamen. (Nalu) drum supported by figures (Silva 1956:38, fig. 8), = timba of Bst(k?)mak?r?nεv. lie with (Notes N:56)maln. (Fr ??mal de tête???) headache (Diassi 1974:33)(k?)maliv. grow up (Kalissa 1984:39)mal?n. rice (collective, pl.; cf. tal?, sing.) (Notes L:36; Notes N:10)mal? mo pukusn. plain, uncooked rice soaked in water, to be eaten (S. Bangoura 1972:29)mal? ma-bakan. floating rice (Sarro 2009:xvi)mal? ma-dalεn. swamp rice (Sarro 2009:xvi)mal? mo-bombaan. variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270 (?), unpounded rice in husks (k?lma ko-bomba = the uncracked peanut)m?m bioriphr. (Bkb) good evening (Notes M:115)m?m parneriphr. (Bkb) good afternoon (Notes M:115)mama/ maman (mama a?a)n. grandmother (Camara 1975:38; Notes N:46, 53)Mama ?tsaf?nn. a spirit with a sacred grove at Tolkotshto-mamben. somebody's son (Notes N:5)mamusun. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270)m?nagiren. October-November, lit. "were you there"; the women did not participate in the farming and when the women ask to share the fruits of the farm, the man asks "were you there?" (Notes M:82)(k?)m?n?na(?) v. measure (keep time/rhythm?) - a song and dance of children, used with m?na (m?n?na + m?na) (B. Bangoura 1974:55)m?nbεlbεladv. well, carefully (Notes L:57). cf. bεlbεlm?ndiraphr. (Bmn) "good morning" (Notes M:87) mandiraphr. (Bkk) goodnight (Notes M:114) (Bkb & Bkl) goodbye (Notes M:115; M:131)mandiranphr. (Bkk) goodnight said to more than one person (Notes M:114)mandirephr. (Bkl) goodbye (said to a group)mangen. (< Su) chief (Appia 1943:160; Arcin 1907:428,466; Coffinieres de Nordeck)manonpron. he/she/him/hermanpaneriphr. (Bkl) Good afternoon! (Notes M:131)mantan. fishing net (Note N:39)m?ntsn. sauce used on rice dish (Paulme 1957:273:ments)s?-mantshεkεn. Scopus umbretta (hammerkop bird)Manshinko n. = a-Mantsho-?a-Tshemp (Notes N:98)a-Mantshon. something secret, spoken in a secret place (David Conrad, personal communication, 1 October 2015, from testimony of Daouda Sonka, Katako, 30 January 2008)Mantsho Ban. Pukur alternative praise-name for aMantsho?aTshol, or possibly a different version of the masquerade because said to be used “for entertainment” (David Conrad, personal communication, 1 October 2015, from testimony of Ali and Abou Camara, Mbor’n, Pukur, 15 March 2008)a-Mantsho-?a-k?-Gb?t n. a type of a-Mantsha-?o-P?n? (Notes Q:9)aMantsho?aTsempn. aMantsho?aTshol for young men (Notes N:90; S:?)aMantsho?aTsholn. serpent spirit and its manifestation, including a wooden serpent figure used as a headdress (Notes L:11,15); the issue of the sacred python, Niguina?gue (Chefs 1966:32), (Notes L:11,13; Silva 1956a:36:Bansondyi; Povos 1972:#145:Basondje)aMantsho?aWutn. stage of initiation for children (Notes L:49); dance with a stick imitating the adults’ aMantsho?aTshol (Notes M:35); a spirit?aMantsho?oP?nn. highest male spirit, 20-meter-high raffia costume with bird head at top (Notes L:1518,4243,49).Mantunn. = aMantsho?oP?n (Notes N:96)wu-Mantu? (a-)n. person (people) of the group of villages comprising comprising B’kor, Kalktshe, and K’fen (Sarró 2009). cf. wu-Samanth?rka-m??kn. maize (Paulme 1957:274:kamenk)ma?kadin. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270; Traoré 1980:407) ma?klεadj. four (4) (Notes L:37)p?-ma?kolo/pomanolon. peanut (at Kawass) (Paulme 1957:274); cf. kolmaMapitshn. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)(k?)marv. help (Diallo 1974:52)mardalon. a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:407) (Paulme 1957:270)marεnn. godmother (Notes M:6), godmother in k?-Bεrε-Tshol responsible for one girl (k?)mariv. suit (Notes N:10)maronki/maronkone n. swamp rice (Diallo 1974:34) a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270), = mereke (Diassi 1974:34)masadj. three (3) (Diassi 1974:33; Notes L:37)Masan. (Bkb) name given to male initiate (Notes M:121)Mas?nkan. personal name of Kura of Kasi?ki ward, Katako (Notes M:33).Maspitsh-Kolodin. (Bmn) a name given to initiates (Notes M:92); cf. Mapitsh(k?)m?tv. inter, bury matan. days (pl. of d?s?k)matiyen. a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:40; Paulme 1957:270)matokn. praise (Notes N:90)Matolamn. (NAL) = aTshol?Matshol Kombon. (BLS); (see Kombo)MatsholiKuyen. (Su) = aTshol (Camara 1975:87; Sylla 1984:7 & 1976:51); aTshol > matsholi; kuye = "fetish" (Tyam 1976:80) (also MatshiwoliKuye) Mayan. (Bkb) name given to female initiate (Notes M:121)mbaconj. but da-mba (sa-)n. inner wall of a house (Notes T:36); cf. bing?lika-mban. cooked rice without sauce (Notes N:9)k?-mbak?lεn (t?-)n. covering made of reed worn by initiates of k?-k?ntsh; see t?-mbalεn (Notes M:3-4)k?-mbalan. entrance, entrance to a-fan (Notes M:32) ku-mbalan. (Bmn) = k?-lo-k?-baki; lit. "round house" (Notes M:86)k?-mbalεn (t?-)n. a covering made of reed worn by initiates of k?-k?ntsh; a simpler version of a-re?k, used by small initiates (Notes M:3-4); cf. k?-mbak?lεnp?-mbaliplipn. Stercorarius parasiticus (arctic skua bird)a-mbankan (-)n. field slashed (before burning)a-mbanklumn. a sp. of soft wood used in carving D’mba, canoes, masks, and drums, (Camara 1975:60, 73a, 87)k?-mbank?sn. crab, very small, brown, digs holes in rice paddies and eats young plants.k?-mbankurmεnεn. crab -- red, small, found under mangrove treeska-mba?ala (tsh?-)n. mat used in woman's fishing (Paulme 1957:273)ka-mba?kla (tsh?-) n. fishing net (S. Bangoura 1972:35)a-mb??tshran (-)n. arrow Mbarεn. a kind of mask (Notes L:56).k?-mbasoso (tsh?-)n. melon a-mbateta (-)n. (< Eng) sweet potato a-mbayεrεn. Larus argentatus (Atlantic Islands gull bird)a-mbayok (-)n. cassava (S. Bangoura 1972:21; Paulme 1957:274) k?-mbefe/am-befen. rice farina, used in sacrifices (S. Bangoura 1972:67; Notes M:5)Mbeleketen. (NAL) = aTsholk?-mbεmb?lε (ts?-)n. cranium,skull (Notes L:31)a-mbemb?lentshn. Alopochen aegyptiacus (Egyptian goose bird)a-mbentsh?mn. a sp. of wood which is burnt and used to make black pigment (Camara 1975:81)mbitan. mother/father/older brother or uncle of one’s spouse (cf nim?k?)t?-mbo (m?-)n. cap (a-Samant?r group) (Bangoura 1972:86); cf. komtu)t?-mbonkn. Botaurus stellaris (bittern bird)t?-mbonkn. tree trunk ku-mbumn. place of instruction for k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes M:6); or place of justice in some cases (Notes M:49); (Bmn & Bsi) place of initiation to a-Tshol deep in the forest (Notes M:91)ku-mbumεrεn. (Bmn) = ku-mbum (Notes M:86)ku-mbumkum (tsu-)n. giant base buttresses of cotton treesto-mgbontonn. vessel used to contain food for boy who died during initiation. (Sylla:illus.)dε-men. swarm of bees (Diassi 1974:26), bee hivek?-me (ts?-)n. (Bkl & Bst) bee (Kalissa 1984:13; Diassi 1974:24; Koelle 1854/1963)kε-mεadj. one hundred (Diassi 1974:38), cf. t?-sar-tin(k?)mekv. care for the feeding of (someone) (Diassi 1974:33)(k?)m?kv. hide (k?)m?kitv. cook mεmbεrn. palm wine (Notes L:59; S. Bangoura 1972:21)member ma-kuspn. alm wine offered at final marriage ceremony (k?-kus) (B. Bangoura 1974:61), or for sacrifice; fig.:a purchase price for bride or ancestral favor.mεmplen. roof thatch (Notes T:36); cf. a-ronwu-mεn (a-)n. traditional medical practitioner mεnagiren. October-November, lit."were you there?"; Women didn't take part in the farm work and now the man sees that she wants the fruits of the farm and so he asks her "Were you there" (when the work was being done). (Notes M:82) Mεndan. (Bkk) the initiation of adult men and women that took place in the town in a fenced enclosure (Notes M:122)da-mεndan. (Bkb) the dance during the Menda initiation. (Notes M:122)m?n?prep. except (k?)mεnεv. have to, must (Kalissa 1984:34)(k?)mεnkv. hide, keep (Diassi 1974:38) k?-mεnk (tsh?-)n. corn (Diassi 1974:38)mεntshn. 1. source (Notes L:36). 2. tide of sea. 3. soup (Notes N:48)mεntsh mε-lasn. = ?of ?yε-las, full moon, lit:"the tide up full" mεntsh m?n tshopn. first half moon = "beginning of the tide" mεntsh m?n tshopε n. second half moon, lit:"the tide is cut off" wi-mεntshεrε (a-)n. initiate of Tεr (Notes M:48)(k?)mεntrεv. (< Fr: montre) show (Notes N:16)(k?)mεpv. close, lock (Diassi 1974:34)m?-mεp ku-sun. secret, self-control (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17) [lit.:"our closed thing"]tsh?r (m?r)n. (Bkl & Bst) salt (Sylla 1984:1; Koelle 1854/1963; Kalissa 1984:13; Notes L:39) (sing.: a grain of salt; pl.: salt)(k?)merv. swallow (Bangoura 1973:86; Diassi 1974:34)te-mer (me-)n. tongue (Notes L:32)a-mera (-)n. throat (Notes L:32); metaphorically, moral agency and intelligence (Sarro 2000:11); one’s spirit (Ganong 2008:12)mεr??adj. two (2) (Notes L:37)meren. drowsiness, sleepiness mereke/merekan/merkini n. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270) – grown on in undated plains (Diallo 1974:34)mεrkεt (tεrkεt) n. pepper (Kalissa 1984:13)mesn. manner, actions (mes mam m?m b?tim = I like your manner)a-mεs (-)n. egg (Notes L:1) (JNC)a-mesa (-)/a-mεsan. (< Port) table (Diassi 1974:92) (Notes L:35)tε-mεsa (mε-)n. a little table (cf. a-mεsa) (Diassi 1974:43)(k?)m?s?v. suck (milk) mεsεn. milk (Notes N:84; Diassi 1974:35)m?t?nadv. a little bit, slowly a-min. a sp. of wood used in carving paddles (Camara 1975:73a)ni-min. shit (Notes N:67) (??). cf. nini(k?)mitiv. dig up (Diassi 1974:24)k?-miti yetshn. transplanting of rice shoots (S. Bangoura 1972:68)miyin?phr. good day (greeting) (Notes N:39) (lidt. “Are you here?”)(k?)m?v. aux. as past participle, used after the verb (Notes N:10); as present participle, used after the verb, as in "she is sitting" (Notes N:10) m?k?n. today (Notes L:60; Kalissa 1984:23)ku-m?la/k?-m?l?/mola n. a measure (used in cola trade) (Hair ALR 61:53; Diassi 1974:26); a basket used to measure rice (Coello 1953:62)m?l?fεn. end of dry season- March -"the rainy season is near" (Notes L:24):beginning of the rains, May-June (S. Bangoura 1972:29); beginning of farm work (ibid:65,67); ca. May 15-July-15 (Paulme 1957:257); late April-June, between k?t?la and d?r?? (k?)m?m?nv. look at, look after (Notes N:60)(k?)m?m?nεv. look at oneself/each other (Kalissa 1984:15)(k?)m?m?nεm?m?nεv. look here and there (Kalissa 1984:21)m?n-biori/m?m-bioriphr. good eveningm?n-s?k?rεphr. (Bkb) good morning (Notes M:115) (k?)m?nεv. protect (Notes N:50); v. prohibit k?-m?n? (tsh?-)n. mistreatment, "lack of support" (Notes N:53), suffering (Notes N:57); prohibition (Sarro 1996:6)monin. pap (S. Bangoura 1972:29)m?nti (s?m?nti)n. short pants m?ra n. little belly (Diassi 1974:24)M?rεkunde/ M?rkundan. (Bkb) a mask used for initiations of boys and girls; on the eve of the final day it danced during the night and all the next day. Costume was three metres in diameter and approx. two metres high and consisted of a short skirt of raffia covered with about four cloths (Notes M:127), (Bkk) mask that was both male and female; like the Nimba, but it had a cage underneath like the Sibondel. The cage was very tall, like the Sorsorne.moron. oil, grease, fat (Notes L:57, S. Bangoura 1972:21; Kalissa 1984:37)(k?)m?r?v. climb (Notes N:13)moro ma wa-na n. butterMosolo Kombon. (BLS) = aMantsho?aTshol (male)Mosolo Sa?aran. (BLS) = a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol (female)(k?)motv. light a fire (k?)m?tv. begin (Diassi 1974:33)wi-m?t (a-)n. the beginner (Diassi 1974:24)k?-m?t-a-lu?nεn. ceremony of harvesting the first rice (Notes L:46)a-m?tkann. (Bkb) children (Notes M:120) (plural only?)k?-mparara large globular water container without a neck, with a broad opening (Notes M:62)mp?adj. this (something) (k?)mpεtv. swim (Notes N:20)mpiari??phr. (Bkk) Good afternoon:(Notes M:109)ku-mp?nn. a pot (Notes L:29), vessel in Seattle Art Museum [?] (Notes L:29); small drum beaten by women to-mpunkn. thief (Notes M:28)Mrime(NAL) = aTshola-mtan/a-m?ntan/a-mtan?n. banana (Kalissa 1984:13)(k?)munv. (Bkl & Bst) drink (Kalissa 1984:8; Koelle 1854/1963; S. Bangoura 1973:21); v. smokemun tonkn. saline water (Sylla 1984:2) (S. Bangoura 1972:34; Camara 1975:22)do-munn. water (Arcin 1907) (Bangoura 1972:86) (Notes L:36) (Notes N:14)du-mun da-rukunn. semen, lit:"water of a man"(k?)mun yambav. smoke tobacco (Notes N:63)muno th?rophr. Thank you (lit., “You have suffered”)ko-munt/ke-munt/k?-munt (tso-/tse-/ts?-)n. back (Arcin 1907) (Notes L:31) to-munt (mo-)n. axe (Camara 1975:55; Diassi 1974:93; Poujade 1947:88)to-munt to-patεn. chisel used in carving muro n. (Bkl & Bst) palm oil (Koelle 1854/1963; Paulme 1957:257); any vegetable oil, cooking oil or body oil (JNC)k?-muyi (tsh?-) n. a pod with red seeds = TEM a-kam Nn/n?/n??pron. you (pl.) you (second personal plural, subject (Kalissa 1984:23) napron. they (Kalissa 1984:23). Cf ?a.(k?)nav. stamp the foot (Diassi 1974:45)nav. aux. will ( as in I will go...) (Notes N:19)m?-nan. a song and dance for children, used with m?n?na (m?n?na+m?na) (B. Bangoura 1974:55); a foot-stamping dance of a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol pa-nan. the big ox (Diassi 1974:25)ta-na (ma-)n. calf (of cattle) (Diassi 1974:25, 97) wa-na (ts?-)n. bovine, cow (of cattle) (S. Bangoura 1973:21; Diassi 1974:44; Notes L:63)wa-na w? k?-lunn. bush cow (Diassi 1974:103)k?-nabokn. one who has been initiated in k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes S:187)(k?)n?ftshev. undulate the body in dance (MB)a-nakn. (Bkl & Bmn) cooked rice (Koelle 1854/1963; Notes M:90)k?-naka (a-)n. infant (Notes L:35)N?kl?n / Nklnn. an old name for circumcision in the initiation when the novices learned Tshol; also employed during initiation into Son?on & Kenk?le? (var. Kngln) (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015—testimony of Abou Camara, M’brn, 13 March 2008); archaic form of k?-Bεrε-Tsholku-nakεlim?n. honor (?) (Notes L:58)(k?)nalv. scold, reprimand, insult (Diassi 1974:28,115)(k?)nalεv. (of the skin) blister after a burn (Diassi 1974:30)wi-nalo (a-)n. a Nalu person (Diassi 1974:95)a-nalun. (Bmn) a Nalu person (Notes M:99)k?-n?mn. (Bmn) = k?-leka in Bstta-nama (ma-)n. vagina (Notes L:31)n?mban. (Bmn) praying mantisN?mban. = D'mba? Term used at Tshalbonto and among Nalu; an older form? not the same as Nimba? (Notes M:30; Silva 1956a:38,#12). Cf. also Numbe.N?mbaBenunden. (NAL) = D'mba. Cf. also Numbe.(k?)nampv. clean (Notes N:96)namparantan. August – lit.:"half the farming is done" (Notes M:14)a-nana (-)n. gritty leaf used as sandpaper (Camara 1975:55)n?napron. you (pl.) k?-na??sn. mid-November to early December – lit.:"the grannary is empty" (Notes L:40)(k?)nankan?v. abuse (k?)n??kv. (Bkl & Bst) see (Koelle 1854/1963); discover; cf. Temne n??k (k?)n??k ?ofv. menstruate wa-napa (a-)n. member of an age gradek?-nar?nεn. movement in dance when dancers quickly reverse movement and step backwards Narin. name given to a woman's fifth-born daughter (Notes L:7; B. Bangoura 1974:29) (k?)nasv. stamp on the harvested rice stalks to separate the grains (Diassi 1974:28)k?-nasn. child still attached to its mother (B. Bangoura 1974:54)a-nata (-)n. chisel (Camara 1975:55). Cf. solsek?-ngbasan. spear (Notes M:18)tε-nda (mε-)n. mosquito net (Diassi 1974:93) (JNC)(k?)nd?pv. shit (Notes N:32)(k?)nd?v. to be; is/are (reflexive) (Notes N:4)(k?)ndεv. sit down (Diassi 1974:27) (Notes L:47) (Notes N:24); settle (Notes N:26) ndeadj. which (Notes N:10); where (Notes N:10)ndeadj. over there (Diassi 1974:45)nde a-lu?nεmn. place of sacrifice for D'mba-do-P?n, the sacred D'mba, as opposed to the one that danced publicly (Notes M:15)(k?)nd? bav. settle (Notes N:12)nd? dεtsh dεm kalεm?n. west (JNC)nd? dεtsh dεm l?pm?n. westnd? dεtsh dεm pεm?n. eastnd?-detsh-den-yεfεm?n. (Bmn & Bst) east (Notes M:96) (lit., “where the sun comes from”)nd? naprep. with/at/by (someone/someone’s place) to-nde (mo-)/t?-nde (m?-)n. clay jug (Camara 1975:74,96; Diassi 1974:93)w?-nde (a-)n. (used with possessive pronoun) step-mother, co-wife on one’s mother; neighborw?-ndε (a-)n. elder councillor (B. Bangoura 1974:19) who occupies the kε-l? ku-p?n (lit:"He who is seated")w?-ndε-d?-r?-tshom (-a)n. = w?-ndε, lit. "the elder who has the stool" (B. Bangoura 1974:20) a-ndεfn. (Bst/PUK & BLS) large drum - caryatid (Notes L:25) used to announce a female (Sylla 1984:illus) = tε-ndεf (Tyam 1976:31) with caryatid support; at Tolokots this is the caryatid drum; a huge drum beaten by men and women. (Notes L:25)tε-ndεf (mε-)n. a drum used only by women (Notes L:10, 21, 25, 33; Bangoura 1972:89; Camara 1975:32,37) and only during women's ceremonies such as marriage and christenings. (Notes L:10) smaller than a-ndεf (Notes L:25), without caryatid supporttε-ndεf-tε-fεtn. small drum used in female initiation, with tε-ndεf (Camara 1975:37)ndεk?ladv. now, soonndεk?l kosadv. now, immediatelytε-ndεn n. (PUK) = tε-ndεf , caryatid drum (Camara 1975:37; Notes L:10,21,25), smaller than a-ndεf; used by woman (; used only by women ndirephr. (Bkl) goodbye (said to one person)ndorn. home (Notes N:27) (ndor-nu = “our home”; ndor-su = “your home”)Ndunkun. personal name of Kura (a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol) of Kamshomble ward, Katako (Notes M:33).(k?)nεv. listen (Notes N:16; Notes N:30), hear/understand (Kalissa 1984:14; Diassi 1974:17; Notes L:47; Notes N:1); v. smell (Notes N:64) [m? nε ti ba = “Are you listening?”]-nεpron. -onesself/ -themselves (reflexive) (as in bop?rnε = "wound oneself")anNebanken. (Bkl) a spirit (local?) (photo:Baga Ritual:Musée de l'Homme:E69982494)k?-nεbεkn. clan patriarch (Paulme 1956:113) (either the founder or the oldest living male member)a-nek (-)n. ridge made in the ground of the rice fields when plowing (S. Bangoura 1972:39; Diassi 1974:30)k?-nεkn. lightning, or a flash of light (cf p?-wεlwεl)(k?)nεk?snεv. think (cf. vak?snε/tεmmεnε)(k?)nεk?tv. roast(k?)nεmbrεv. be full (from eating)a-nεnε (-)n. mother (Notes N:38); nεntsn. fire (Notes L:36) (Kalissa 1984:25)k?-nεntshn. dance of male initiate at coming out, single file (B. Bangoura 1972:31, 80; B. Bangoura 1974:43) the final dance of k?-k?ntsh (Notes M:36)k?-nεntshεn. marriage (of a man marrying a woman only) (Notes L:41) (Ganong 2008:18:n??tsh?, to marry [of the man]). Cf. k?-gba?nε, k?-l?ne? de-retshnan. the day before yesterdayne? de retshna da-rar?? n. two days before yesterdayne? disnan. yesterday(k?)nepv. surround (Diassi 1974:32)k?-nεpn. small wrapped amulet carried by hunters, (k?)nerv. hear it said, have been told (Diassi 1974:30)(k?)nεrv. say yes (Diassi 1974:28)a-ner (-)n. tsetse fly(k?)nesεv. suck at the mother's breasts (Diassi 1974:42)(k?)nεsεv. fear (Kalissa 1984:32; Diassi 1974:28,43; Notes N:1), be afraid (Notes N:30)wi-nεtsa [n?nts? ?] (a-)n. married person (Diassi 1974:37) (cf k?-n?ntsh?)a-ni (-)n. foot (Notes L:32)M'Niandon. (Bmn) the initiation for the young married Baga women; = a-Tεk?n in Bst (Notes M:92)(k?)nimv. extinguish (a fire) (Diassi 1974:30)Nimban. (Su) = D'mba ni [soul] & ba [great]? (Povos 1972:#151) ki-nimεn. smokenim?k? (anim?k?)n. young brother or young sister of one’s spouse. Cf. mbita.t?-nimp (m?-)n. fish hook ninin. shit (?). cf. ni-miNiniganen. = Ninkina?ka (Appia 1943a:16066; 1943b).Ninkina?kan. (< Su ?) a serpent spirit (also Ninginanga, Ninkinanka, Ninguinandga, Ninigane) (Sampil 1961:46, Silva 1956a:36; Notes M65).NinteKamatcholn. (NAL) = aTshol.k?-nk?fn. a bulge, swellingku-nk?lun. bow (for hunting)ta-nkara (ma-)n. apron-skirt for girls consisting of two long flaps for the front and back and two short flaps for the sides.m?-nk?r?k?r?n. Nycticorax leuconotus (white-backed night heron bird)nkεadj. this (Notes N:10)a-nkiri (-)n. baobab a-nk?rt (-)n. a kind of monkey. cf. w?kr, p?kr, a-rosu, t?kr, a-tshalkaka, y?ka-nkisim (-)n. spitting cobra nk?npron. he (subject pronount), him (object pronoun) wu-nk?n ?-bεk-gonebek n. eldest man of a village quarter (a-ba?a) (Paulme 1957:264); lit:"He is the elder" a-nkonk (-)n. surprise a-nkora (-)n. stick for harvesting mangoes ku-nkornεn. a benda-?kumpara (-) n. umbrella n?adj. specific(k?)n?v. be able (Kalissa 1984:13; Diassi 1974:37)n?adj., n. here (Notes N:10) (Notes N:14)(k?)nokv. beat (someone) a-nokn. the event when the married women got together and cooked a meal for themselves before a wedding (Notes M:32)ku-nok a-k?ntshn. phase of k?-k?ntsh when boys are beaten (Notes M:8) ku-nok a-k?ntsh mεntsh n. phase of k?-k?ntsh when wounds of circumcision are healed and boys may now eat rice with sauce (lit. "to beat-sauce"); before healing, initiates eat only rice without sauce but with dryed fish at bottom and oil on top of the rice. Abbreviated to ku nok mεntsh (Notes M:9) ku-nok mεntshn. = ku-nok a-k?ntsh mεntshk?-noknεn. (Bmn & Bst) ritual performed before new rice may be eaten (B. Bangoura 1974:13); ceremony of introducing the new rice harvest (Notes M:90); a ritual of young men beating each other en masse (Notes S:193)n?n de rokn. last year(k?)n??g’r v. twist (JNC)(k?)n?nk?lv. surround, encirclenonknεadj. crooked; zig-zag (also for a person); off-balance, akilter n?n?f?rn. sadness (Notes N:11), trouble (Notes N:88), pity, sympathy (Sarro 2009:xvi)n?ns-f?radj. sorry (Notes N:25)ns?k?riphr. (Bkl) Good morning! (Notes M:131)ts?-ntakalan. small basket (Notes N:21)k?-ntaklan. goblet-shaped basket used to serve plain rice to initiates of ka-k?ntsh (B. Bangoura 1974:41)k?-nt?mbann. the upper part (lid) of the marriage rice basket (Notes M:18)k?-ntsh?mp (tsh?-)n. tall drum in hourglass shape used for major events, e.g. death, a large, heavy musical instrument = tamba in Susu (Diallo 1974:14); a drum the size and shape of a mortar, used in bands (Notes M:6) with hide at both ends, strings along sides. (Bangura 1972:56); in conical shape; suspended by a cord slung over the shoulder (Notes S:148). Possibly k?-ntshεmpa-ntshampann. a child’s masquerade of leaves, larger than ta-ntshampan (MB); cf. k?r?nbatata-ntshampann. a type of little mask-costume of dry palm branches, banana leaves, or found materials danced by children (not a proper noun) (Tape 1986:12A:11; Notes S:115); diminuative of a-ntshampan.ntεadv., conj. when (Notes N:14); how (Notes N:19); because ((Notes L:58; Notes N:14, 23);ntεnεn. aunt (Notes N:78)k?-ntént?l (tsh?-)n. root; cf. k?-ntsh?ntsh(k?)ntεsεv. enoble (Notes L:65), good (Notes N:28)a-ntimb?li / ntempeli (-) n. dolphin t?-ntsh?r (m?-)n.tear (fluid from eye) (JNC)t?-nt?bal (m?-)n. seed; cf. t?-?gb?nd?-nt?fadj. below, under, at bottom; n. obeisance (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)to-ntof/t?-?tof (mo-/m?-)n. the porting pad (Notes M:18)ntsh?k? (a-ntsh?k?)n. uncle on mother’s side k?-ntshontsh (-/tsh?-) n. root; cf. k?-ntént?l; esp. the thick roots of the palm tree a-ntumb?n / a-ntombon (-)n. Pelecanus onocrotalus (pelican bird) ntuntu?n. (Bkb) the seeds in the water lily pod; eaten, mixed with medicine to cure hemorrhoids, and possibly used in special dishes for initiation. (Notes M:130)ku-ntuntuon. water lily (Paulme 1957:275)(k?)nunk?n?v. precede (k?)nutv. bend the arm(k?)nya / nyanv. bite (Diassi 1974:17; Notes N:84) (cf., ?a?)(k?)nyεtv. scratch (Kalissa 1984:21,31; Diassi 1974:31)??a/?an/?a?pron. they?achn. (PUK) Medicine; = tshol in Bst (Notes M:11-12)(k?)?ala?ala?v. complain (Notes N:8)(k?)?a?v. bite, peck (cf., nya)a-?a??tn. Platalea alba -- African spoonbill bird)(k?)?arev. let them (Notes N:46)?arin. (Bmn) name given to a woman's fifth born daughter (Notes M:88). cf. Nari?as (yas)n. chaos to-?burku (mo-)n. tree squirrel (a-Tako & a-Mantu?) (t?-?burku at Tolkotsh--MB)tsha-?gban. sanitary cloth which was the only garment worn by women when working in the fields when they were menstruating (Notes N:48)d?-?gba?k (s?-)n. cutlass k?-?gbasan. chief's staff (Notes L-33) also used by eldest initiate of the societyt?-?gb?n (?-)n. seed. cf. t?-nt?bala-?gbe?kle (-)n. bell t?-?gberi (m?-)n. spinning top a-?gb???tsh/ a-?gb???ts (-)n. Adam's apple (k?)?εrv. close (Diassi 1974:43)k?-?ern. The "closing of the earth" performed by Somtup (S. Bangoura 1972:54,77), time of prohibition enforced by Somtup during initiation; a period of prohibition covering the whole town when no dances may take place and it is forbidden to quarrel, fight, etc. -- imposed for about one month before the dance of a-Bol or a-Mantsho-?o-P?n (Notes S:43, 52); (k?)?es?mv. breathe(k?)?esm?r?nεv. breath heavily (as after exercise)??t (y?t)n. worm (k?)??tv. scratch (k?)?εts?sv. cut into little pieces (Kalissa 1984:21), grate?iran. rock python, bigger and longer than the d?kra or d?f?keadj. this, here (Diassi 1974:18)a-?kesia (-)n. sheep (S. Bangoura 1972:21; Kalissa 1984:34; Notes L:37)?k?adj. that (adj.), there (Diassi 1974:18)a-?bl?ktsh?r (-)n. a kind of toy made with calabash pieces on a stick (MB)?of (yof)n. (Bkl & Bst) menses, moon, month (Koelle 1854/1963; Notes M:117, L:35)?of da tson. half moon?of ?a m?tian. November; m?tia is a family quarter (in Kouffin only) (Notes M:22)?of ?a p?tian. November; the ceremony of p?nta comes before that of m?tia (in Kouffin only) (Notes M:22)?of ?o-fun. the emerging moon; new moon (Notes L:35)?of ?o ponn. July; "the big month" (Notes M:14)?of-?ε-fεtn. new moon = ?of-?o-fu (Notes L:35) (JNC)?of-?ε-fin. the last quarter of the moon; dead (new) moon (Notes L:35) (JNC)?of-?ε-l?p?sn. end of moon = ?of-?yε-fi (JNC)?of-?ε-laren. the moon is full (JNC)?of-?ε-lasn. full moon (Notes L:35) (JNC)?o?n. (Bmn) good spiritual beings; = ???k in Bst (Notes M:91) ???k/y?nkn. a good spiritual being (as opposed to k?rfi), a red/white spirit ??ntsh (m?ntsh)n. nut from the ??ntsh tree (found inside a large, pulpy, inedible fruit) (Notes M:82)??ntsh (y?ntsh)n. a species of tree (Notes S:191) whose leaves are used for the costume of Wak?r?ba (Notes M:47) k?-?ta?gb? (tsh?-)n. red antk?-?tsh?nkl? (tsh?-)n. harpoon O, ??/εpron. he/she/it (third person singular, subject) (Kalissa 1984:23)p'-?n / k’-?n (etc.)pron. his/hers?wa minai?k?phr. (Bmn) "goodbye" said in the morning (Notes M:87)Ppa/pa?v. (subjunctive verbal prefix) let's (more than two people) (Notes L:64; Kalissa 1984:17, 43; Notes N:1) (pa? k?n = "Let's go"; pa dir? = “Goodby”/ “Good night”, literally “Let’s sleep”). cf. tha/tha?p?pron. it/he/she (3rd person subject singular) pa-de-l???s/iya y?-l???sn. earring (lit., “father/mother of the ear”)ε-pagb?tshphr. "let's keep it together" (Notes L:55)t?-pain. turtle dove (Notes N:44, Sarro 1986:9)Pakan. God [lit. "thing"? or "Pa who has"?] (Notes S:52). cf. Kurup?kr n. huge monkey (Diassi 1974:37). cf. w?kr, a-nk?rt, a-rosu, t?kr, a-tshalkaka, y?k(k?)p?l?rv. forget (Notes N:4)p?mbian. (Bmn) night (Notes M:96)p?mnasimphr. “I would like to” (Notes N:15)p?m?conj. as p?m? nt?conj. because a-pampε (-)n. largest clay vessel used to hold wine, water, or rice (Notes M:62)ta-pampεn. = to-mgbonton; wine container the shape of a-pampε, but smaller (Notes M:62)pann. (< Engl?) tin roofing (Diassi 1974:24)an-p?n?s (m-) n. spiderpanon. hammock (portable or stationary) (B, Bangoura 1974:62; S. Bangoura 1972:30)p?-panpan n. dawn (Ganong 2008:20)k?-pantsha (pantsha)n. dried palm branch P?ntshamann. (PUK) a version of aMantsho?oP?n.p??phr. pron.-v. "It's..." (noisy, cold, hard, tasty, etc.) (Notes N:13, 97)(k?)p??/pεnov. shoot (Kalissa 1984:15,36; Diassi 1974:16,70,90)wi-p?? (a-)n. hunter (Diassi 1974:16,90). cf. u-p?npa??riadj. (Bkb) four (Notes M:116)(k?)pa?n?v. have in common papa (papa-a?a)n. father papas?n. grandfather par??adj. (Bkb) two (Notes M:116)(k?)pasv. brush something with the intentions of knocking it over (Diassi 1974:37)pasasadj. (Bkl & Bkb) three (Koelle 1854/1963) (Notes M:116)(k?)pat/pat-tokv. carve sculpture (S. Bangoura 1972:33; Camara 1975:47; Diassi 1974:25)wi-pat (a-)n. sculptor (Camara 1975:113)(k?)p?tshv. aux. (continous participle) (Notes N:71)k?-p?tshn. the small rear door of a house (RB) the exit from a-fan (Notes M:6,32)(k?)patsh t?rsεnεv. find fault (Notes N:19)(k?)pat?sv. peel a fruit with a knife a-payophr. "Hey, everybody" (Notes N:13); (expressing of pleading, like "Lord have mercy!") (Notes N:97)pεadj. high (as sun)(k?)pεv. climb (Diassi 1974:25), go up (Notes N:24), crawl out of (a hole, water, a canoe) ka-p? (tsa-)n. yam (Paulme 1957:274)k?-pe (ts?-)n. mudskipper fish (Notes K:10); [Diassi 1974:24:“tadpole,” but this is not correct]a-pekan. a sp. of tree/plant whose leaves are used to make black dye/paint (Camara 1975:81; Sylla 1976:39)k?-pεnn. rifleu-p?n (a-)n. hunter. cf. wi-p??pεndε-pεndεn. something that spins around and around (Notes N:34); cf. pere; adj. spinning around and aroundPendePenden. (<Su? <Bu?) "the moon" [Arcin 1907:460]); companion dancer to KumbaDuba, costumed entirely in cloth. A female mask (5060 cm. H.) of white cloth topped by seeds, with diamondshaped eyes, topped by pleated red border (Plastique 1968:45); a white cloth mask with designs (Arcin 1907:460); youths' entertainment mask (Camara 1975:29; Diallo 1974:49), used to frighten women among Susu (Notes M:30). (Bkk) mask used during initiation (Notes M:121); Same as Komnε? Same as Banda/TonkoTonko? (Appia 1943:160); same as Nimba? (Coffinieres de Nordeck 1886:284285:PendaPenda); same as SimoGine? (idem); wife of the Great Spirit? (idem).k?-pεnε-kurun. ceremony in k?-Bεrε-Tshol when the initiates go around the village and villagers gives them lashes (Notes M:49) -- children must walk stooped, with head down; they must not look left or right or they will be given extra lashes. (Notes M:70)pεns?ln. (Engl) pencil, pena-pεp (-)n. (< Engl ?) pipe (Diassi 1974:25)a-pεpε (ε-/-)n. (Bkl) calabash (Kalissa 1984:39; Koelle 1854/1963; Diassi 1974:25)pepesupn. (< Krio, < Engl “pepper soup”) sauce without oilpεpitshadv. (everywhere except in Tolkotsh) a little bit, for a little bit (cf. tεpitsh, pitinini)pεr n. big mouse (Diassi 1974:31,37) (cf wer)a-pern. stone (Notes L:5); cf. a-sar(k?)perev. revolve; cf. pεndε-pεndεperi (yeri)n. food petadj. dirty (Notes N:99)(k?)pεtv. build a dyke (S. Bangoura 1972:38; Diassi 1974:24)(k?)pεtshv. warm, boil (Notes N:6)(k?)pim/pim?v. pick, gather (Kalissa 1984:27) pinadj. (Bkl, Bkb & Bst) one (1) (Koelle 1854/1963; Notes L:37; M:116)wo-pin? (-)n. fork used in the planting an-pinkann. (< Nalu, pinkaar < Pular, finkari) gunan-pinkan ?a-ser bimgo/bingon. the weapons of the priest of a-Tshol (S. Bangoura 1972:51,62; Camara 1975:28)pira n. huge goat (cf. wir) (Diassi 1974:37)piri?-piri?n. sound of a drum (Notes N:5)(-) pirit (s?-)n. (< Su?) printed book (Diassi 1974:96)te/a-pis (me-/-)n. piece of cloth (Diassi 1974:25) a roll of cloth (ibid:31)(k?)pisav. (Bkl) (< Port: pisar) dance (Koelle 1854/1963; Paulme 1956:110) (k?)pisεv. (< Port: pisar, imperative: pise) dance (S. Bangoura 1972:21; Camara 1975:28)ki-pisε do-furan. bride's dance during do-fura ki-pisε tsholn.final dance of k?-Bεrε-Tsholte-pisεn. manner of dancing, style of dancing (Diassi 1974:30), choreography wi-pis? (a-)n. dancer ye-pisεnε(pl.)n. orchestra (Camara 1975:113); all the instruments used in dance(k?)pitiv. light (Diassi 1974:24)(k?)pitiv. detach (Diassi 1974:109)pitininiadv. (only in Tolkotsh) a little bit, for a little bita-p'kai (-)n. papayaa-pletn. (Engl) plated?-p? (s?-)n. road (Diassi 1974:32) (Notes N:14)a-poi mεnin. (PUK) = k?-l? ku-p?na-pokpoka (-)n. pigeon (k?)polv. clap (hands) (Notes N:93)k?-pol (tsh?-)n. skin, peel ko-poln. piece of clothk?-pompa (tsh?-)n. the side of the canoe (MB)mo-ponn. small drum in the form of a calabash (Notes S:229)k?-ponk?mn. name of a sacred cotton tree at K’fen (Notes S:77)ponsonyin. (< Susu) small apron worn over a cloth on the buttocks by a bride (Notes L:55) = ta-nkara in Bstp??adj. big (Notes L:23; Diassi 1974:70)tsh?-p?p n. tree spec. (Ganong 2008:fuit tree considered to have been the "apple" of the garden.)p?r/porn. a big belly (Diassi 1974:24,31)P?ren. a masked spirit of the boys' initiation (Sylla 1984:9); youths' entertainment mask (Camara 1975:29; Diallo 1974:49); a costume, sometime with horns, danced by young boys for amusement (Notes M:35); a female bust headdress with horns [= Tiyambo?] (Bangura 1972:45). = Yokui? (Notes M:35).a-pot (s?-/-) / a-p?t (-)n. < (Engl?) mug (Diassi 1974:24,96)mo-potn. metal clappers used by musicians (Hockins draft 2013:21)potiuputsen. conical pot used to measure rice to be used each day (Paulme 1957:273)(k?)pukεv. plunge (Kalissa 1984:15)ku-puln. bark of a tree (RB)(k?)puluv. cut (palm kernel clusters from the tree) (Kalissa 1984:34; Diassi 1974:25)pundun. fonio (a tiny grain) (Bangura 1972:21)(k?)pusv. boast (Diassi 1974:59)(k?)pus?rnεv. compete (Notes N:15). cf tas?rnεR (see also D:d and r are sometimes transformational)k?-ra (ta-/wa-)n. branch (Diassi 1974:40), cane/reed (Coelho 1953:62)tε-r?ket (mε-)n. pimento (Diassi 1974:43)w?-r?kun (a-)n. man (Notes N:49) (Notes L:35:wu-rkun)w?-r?kun w?-nentshe (a-r?kun a-nentshe)n. married man tsh?-r?mn. a small black shell fish or snail (Notes N:20)t?-r?mon. a sasa used in hunting- packet wrapped in red clothw?-ran (a-)n. wife (Notes L:59)w?-ran (a-)n. woman, girl (at Katako) (Notes N:1; L:35)w?-ran w?-f?t (a-ran a-f?t)n. girl already marriedw?-ran w?-l?n. married woman (lit.:“the woman of the house”) i-ranin. (Bkb) woman (Notes M:125)k?-r?nkan. house of k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes M:50)kar??kan. figure with Nimba face (Notes L:22; M:15); also any figure used in sacred shrines? (Notes M:16). (? – cf. k?-ro?ka)t?-r??kan. figure, statue (Ganong 2008:24), a small figurei-ra?gban. (Bkb) boy, young man (Arcin 1907) (Notes M:125)w?-r??k (ts?-)n. elephant (Diassi 1974:40,44,90). cf. wε- rεnkdε-r?m / de-remn. oath; contact with a spirit (Sarro 2009:xiv)ta-raren. (Bkb) the place where the older boys stayed and slept, in initiation (Notes M:120)(k?)rasiv. counsel, give advice r?n., adv. here (? yi r? = “He/she/it is here”); cf. interchangeable d?da-ren. village (Notes N:39)ka-ren. land (Notes N:14)kε-rε (tshε-) n. motherme-rεn. sleep (Diassi 1974:62)mε-rεadj. which (Notes N:21)?-rεn. mate, co-wife (Notes N:50)ta-ren. a hamlet, small village (Diassi 1974:29)k?-rεbε (tshε-)n. winnowing tray (cf. a-kup)a-reka (-)n. skin, paper (Notes L:37)k'-rεmn. the stitching on the thatch of a roof (Notes T:38)da-renn. town (Notes N:38)k?-renn. bed (Diassi 1974:40) [?]k?-ren (mε-)n. year (Diassi 1974:61); cf. k?-rin k?-ren ken. this yeark?-ren nken. (Bmn) year (Notes M:99) cf. k?-rinwi-ren (a-)n. woman (at Tolokotsh) (Notes L:57,64; Diassi 1974:40) (Notes N:1,11)a-renkn. costume worn by male initiates resembling a thatched roof (Bangoura 1972:80); a hood (B. Bangoura 1974:42); with horns on top; = tambalεn (Notes M:3, 5); cf. K?-mbalεnwε- rεnk (tshε-)n. elephant (at Katako) (Notes N:20, 99). cf. w?-r??kwi-renk?n (a-)n. girl (Camara 1975:38)rεntshadj. high (as sun)da-rεntshn. summitda-rentshn. sky (Notes N:34) (?). cf. da-rintsh(k?)re?v. help (Notes M:5)kε-rεrεn. ocean (Notes L:42)w?-res (a-)n. co-wife rin., adv. there (? yi ri = “He/she/it is there”); cf. interchangeable dida-rin. respect (Notes N:78)wi-rin. mother (Diassi 1974:33) (father?) (ibid:86)yε-rin. food (Diassi 1974:37)vi-rin. mother (perjorative)wi-di-Tshol (a-)n. initiate in k?-Bεrε-Tshol, lit:"those who eat Tshol" (pl.) (B. Bangoura 1974:49) k?-rifinin. a sp. of leaf or vegetation from the swamps mixed with clay in its production (S. Bangoura 1973:33; Camara 1975:74)a-rimi (-)n. chimpanzee (Notes N:32)de-rimin. a kind of fish da-rinn. village (Notes L:63)k?-rinn. year (Notes N:4). cf. k?-rena-rinini (-)n. a bird: pied crowda-rintshn. the heavens, outer space (?). cf. da-rentshki-rir (tshi-)n. mortar (Camara 1975:48; Diassi 1974:40)pe-rirn. a huge mortar (Diassi 1974:40)ta-rira/ta-diraphr. (Bmn) "goodnight" said to one person (Notes M:87)a-rit (-)n. testicle sack (Notes L:31)me-ritn. testicles (pl.) (Notes N:65)pε-ritn. a huge penis (testicle?) (Diassi 1974:40) (?). cf. po-koktε-rit (mε-)n. small testicleka-rk?k? (tsha-)n. a kind of bird:medium-size, iridescent dark blue and blackku-rk?nt?n. alligator (fresh water)ma-(ro) ndeadj. there (Notes N:11)k?-r?b? (ts?-)n. nape of neck (Notes L:31)k?-rofoin. evening (Diassi 1974:35, N'Diaye 1980:36)a-r?k (d?k/s?-r?kn. (> Engl?) duck t?-r?kn. duckling (?) (Diassi 1974:32) rabbit (ibid:49) (probably incorrect -- see to-rop)w?-rok (a-)n. nephew (maternal only) on sister's side (B. Bangoura 1974:24)a-rokbai (-)n. ground squirrel w?-rokran. niece on sister’s side a-romn. a type of skin infection ?-rom (t?-)n. metal tack (Notes M:62)ku/k?-romp (tsh?-)n. pestle (Camara 1975:48,113; Kalissa 1984:9)a-ronn. thatch (finished with stitching) (Notes T:38); cf. mεmplek?-rontn. prepuce/clitoris (S. Bangoura 1972:77). cf. t?n-tsh?rokk?-ro? (ts?-)n. (Bkl & Bst) face (Notes L:32) (Koelle 1854/1963) (Diassi 1974:40)k?-ro?n. end, tailku-ro?adj. above; n. summitk?-ro?kan. human figure; used in the k?-l? k?-p?n to offer sacrifices (Notes M:15) (? – cf kar??ka)ti-r??k?nn. penis of a bull, dried and twisted and stuffed with pepper, used to beat to death violators of prohibitions during k?-k?ntsh (Notes M:4,7)k?-r??p?sn. wholeto-rop (mo-)n. rabbitk?-r?r? (tsh?)n. iron, iron pot (a-Tako, a-Samantory) (cf. a-fεtsh)ka-r?s (tsha-)n. bead a-ros?n (-)n. leech a-rosu (-)n. a species of monkey with two sub-species:a-rosu ?i-yim (red) and a-rosu ?e-bi (black). cf. w?kr, a-nk?rt, p?kr, a-rosu, t?kr, a-tshalkaka, y?kk?-r?t (r?t)n. feather (Diassi 1974:32)to-rotatshan. a sp. of tree/plant (?) whose leaves are used in making black dye/paint (Sylla 1976:39; Camara 1975:81)du-run. the physical world (Notes N:33) (as opposed to da-bal or da-bia)k?-runk (dunk)n. palm branch; cf. k?-bata-runtsh (-)n. wound (k?)ruruv. go on footku-ruru (tsu-)n. elbowku-rurun. (Bmn) world (Notes M:99)S, Sh-sav. aux. (suffix to verb indicating imperfect indicative:eg.:i pisa-sa -" I was dancing")s?pron. we (Notes (N:5)Saban. a highest spirit cloth mask that falls to knees ornamented with white metal, pair of horns at top, tube for nose, round eyes, includes a carved serpent with diamond shapes [a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol?], raffia costume (Arcin 1907:460; Plastique 1968:5). Elephant mask (Notes L:13). Means "three" (Arcin 1907:419). Red cloth mask, = PendePende (Lacan, 1942:382; Raimbault 1885a:150). = D'mbadaTshol? (Notes M:25). (Bkb) mask representing an old man; hung with tin cans, etc.; dancer would tremble (Notes M:123)Sab??kan. (Bmn) name given to initiates (Notes M:92)Sabintin. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45); (Bangoura 1972:84; Camara 1975:34; B. Bangoura 1974:49) S?bondeln. headdress in form of a box frame with figures standing on the top, and with a hare's head on the front (Notes L:11, 26; Holas 1974:64).a-s?donn. a kind of seashell (Notes S:189)(k?)safev. line up (Notes N:13)safikilé/safiklen. a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:407; Paulme 1957:270)sagalen. (< Pu) tribal payment (Fofana 1982:9; Paulme 1956:101)(k?)sakv. leave (Diassi 1974:36; Notes N:16); leave behind (Notes N:34), abandon s?kadj. near, beside, outsidek?-s?kn. edgek?-s?k-p?rε-nεn. the exchange of sisters for wives (Notes L:41); in general:any exchange Saktin. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)d?-s?k?/do-s?k?n. the day after; the second day (Notes T:32)(k?)salev. slide (Diassi 1974:40)man-salin. a talisman used by practitioners who chases evildoers (Paulme 1958:415)a-s?m da-tshon. (Bmn) midnight (Notes M:96)p?-sam (no pl.)n. money (Bangoura 1972:86:pssam; Kalissa 1984:34; Notes L:59)Saman. (Bst, Bmn) name given to a woman's third-born son (B. Bangoura 1974:29; Notes L:7; Notes M:88)S?m?kaln. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Bangoura 1972:84; B. Bangoura 1974:49; Diallo 1974:56; Notes L:45)wu-Samanth?r (a-)n. person (people) of the group of villages comprising comprising B’kor, Kalktshe, and K’fen (literally:“one of Sama who has come down” – Sama is the founding ancestor). cf. wu-Mantu?S?mar??kεn. (Bmn) man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45) (Notes M:92)Samarbuntan. (Bmn) name given to initiates (Notes M:92)Samkanun. = Kanu? (Notes N:92). The patron saint of Kaklentsh (Notes M:115)k?-samp (tsh?-)n. clay water jug (Camara 1975:74,95); large wide clay pan, used for washing (Notes M:62)sampan. fruit of the dampa tree (Diassi 1974:30)samudun. a variety of rice (Traoré 1980:407) (Paulme 1957:270)sandan. ornament of seeds (?) tied around the legs (Notes S:230) = a-batsha (Hockins draft 2013:26)Sandεlan. (Bkb) mask used during initiation (Notes M:121); a terrifying face mask of a disciplinary figure, with raffia hung to the waist, who chased children with canes (Notes M:123)a-s?nd?? (-)n. shell (empty, of shellfish) sangarén. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270; Traoré 1980:407) sankan. fencing (of any kind), palm-branch shed used by sculptor as workshop, or used as temporary shelter in the rice fields (Camara 1975:56) s?n? an kom mophr. "we are related" (Notes N:57)k?-s?ntsh (a-)n. sand santin. (Bmn) comb (Notes M:94)sa?/s?n/s?napron. we, ussaoran. (Bkb) August-September; time when rice is transplanted (Notes M:117)ta-sapa (ma-)n. key(k?)s?p?rnv. close up (a hole or a gap)k?-s?p-k?-rεnεn. the practise of exchanging sisters for wives (Notes L:41)a-sar (ε-) n. (Bkl) stone (Koelle 1854/1963)ka-sarn. (Bkk) lit. "stone"; the name of the young men's initiation (Notes M:105); the funeral ritual (Notes M:106); the funeral dance when Bakimambo was danced (Notes M:113)ta-sar (ma-)n. stone (S. Bangoura 1972:21)SaraBoln. = aBol (Notes N:96)ma-sar-masadj. three hundred (300) (Notes L:37)ma-sar-memn. = ma-sar-ment (Camara 1975:80)ma-sar-mentn. laterite soil (Sylla 1976:38; Camara 1975:80)ma-sar-mεr??adj. two hundred (200) (Notes L:37)(k?)sarε/s?rv. put a load on the head (B. Bangoura 1974:61; Diassi 1974:40; Notes N:19)p?-sar? (y?-)n. load, burden p?-sarε r?tn. a feather crest [Lit.:a parted feather] (Notes N:44)sarisn. [archaic?] wake/”last tribute to the dead (Samuel Gamble, 1793-94, in Mouser, “Who” 2002:342:Sarrise)ta-sar-tinadj. one hundred (100) (Notes L:37) (JNC)k?-satan. the dance (Kalissa 1984:10,37)ke-sen. iron gong knocked with an iron ring on finger (Notes M:26)s?b?n. (Su) amulet (Plastique 1968:4)(k?)sεbεv. (Su) write (Notes N:25)sεbε-sim?n. (Bkk > Su) the young men's initiation (Notes M:105)(k?)sekv. attach (Diassi 1974:36)(k?)sεkv. cough when choking (Diassi 1974:35)?-s?k (-)n. gill(s) of a fish de-sek (-)n. tooth (Diassi 1974:29) (Notes L:32); elephant tusk (S. Bangoura 1972:69; B. Bangoura 1974:9); elephant tusk used as a musical instrument (navel drum) (B. Bangoura 1974:9) s?k?n. (Su) cinders used to make black soap yε-sekεnεn. (Bmn) = y?ma (in Bst) the skirt of palm leaves (Notes M:85)Sekolen. (Bkk) costume made of date palm leaves, with no mask (Notes M:111)a-seksekn. Pandion haliaεtus (osprey bird)(k?)selv. laugh (Kalissa 1984:15); mock (Diassi 1974:40; Notes N:53)(k?)sεlv. make pottery (S. Bangoura 1972:33; Camara 1975:73; Diassi 1974:24)a-sel (-)n. varan (a large lizard) wi-sεl (-wi-ran) (a-) n. potter (Camara 1975:113; Diassi 1974:29)a-/tε-sεm (m?-)n. meat (Notes L:36)we-sem (-)n. animal (general) (Notes L:36)t?-s?mb? (m?-)n. needle k?-sεmpn. a sp. of hard wood used to carve D'mba (Notes M:37; S:177)(k?)senv. smell bad (Diassi 1974:28)k?-sεnkn. passage between two buildings (Diassi 1974:63) de-senk da w?-renkn. (Bmn) = de-sek in Bsta-sεnts (-)n. nail (of finger/toe) (Notes L:31), claw a-se?an. little flat basket used to chase the flies away (Diassi 1974:35)se?benyi/s??benyin. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270)sε?gbedrum (Camara 1975:113), w. cords stretched along sides (Notes L:39; Sylla 1976:47); large, double-headed, cylindrical; used with dance of D'mba (Curtis & Sarro 1998:129).te-se?gben. small drum (Camara 1975:113)(k?)sεpv. beat the rice stalks after harvesting, separate the grains (S. Bangoura 1972:40; Diassi 1974:25). cf. sεp?r?(k?)sεp?r?/s?p?rv. beat (the rice, etc.) (Kalissa 1984:7; Paulme 1957:269:kesepar). cf. sεpde-sern. (<Su, <Ar) witchcraft (Hockins draft 2013:44)wi-ser (a-) n. (Paulme 1958) / o-sir (a-) L:412) / i-sir (a-) (Bkb & Bmn) evildoer, sorcerer, witch/wizard (Notes L:21; Notes M:99; Notes N:80; Diassi 1974:29) (k?)serεv. practice witchcraft (Sarro 2009:xv)k?-serεn. witchcraft (Notes N:40)(k?)sεtv. insert (an object) between (other objects) (Diassi 1974:25)ka-setn. wattle and daub (Notes T:38)a-sethn. house walls made of daub and wattlewi-sin. mother (Diassi 1974:86) (cf wi-ri)Sibilan. (Bkb) a mask from a society called Menda (Notes M:118), used during initiation (Notes M:121) = Koyilo; always at the front of a line of male or female initiates (Notes M:123)siko/sikoa n. box drum -- used in dance of Sibondel (Notes S:180)(k?)sikliv. detach a-siksikn. a raptor bird larger than the hawk but smaller than the eagle (MB)Silatigin. (Su) supervisor of the male initiates (B. Bangoura 1974:46) (Bangoura 1972:82); the first girl initiated (Camara 1975:32)SiliSimon. (< Su?) mask/headdress (Holas 1947:62). = aBol/aBule? [= "sacred elephant" in Susu](k?)simv. clear the brush (k?)simv. break(k?)simv. clear the underbrush (Diassi 1974:30)simo/simoi/simonadj., n. (< Su) sacreda-simt?n. Threskiornis aethiopicus (sacred ibis bird) ?; or Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis (seddle-bill bird) ?dε-sinkεl a-rankn. (Bkk) = de-sek in Bst (Notes M:113)a-sinki (-)n. rainbow Sinyaln. (< Fr signal-? -- pronounced "Sinyal") Female bust with serpent crest braids -- mask with two horns [?] (Chefs 1966:37); cf. Yombofissa (Plastique 1968:13); name of a fish (Curtis 2013:135)we-sip (tshe-)n. leopard (Notes N:21)Sa-Sira-Renn. headdress in the form of a female bust, representing an unmarried woman, with firm breasts. Cf. Zigiren-W?ndε(k?)sitεv. fart (Diassi 1974:40)s?adv. again (Kalissa 1984:13; Notes N:78)(k?)s?v. pierce (Kalissa 1984:14; Diassi 1974:17)k?-s?-k?-tshan. (?) (ritual before transplanting rice, dedicated to Tomalo (B. Bangoura 1974:13) ("to pierce with the hand")k?-s?-kopn. ritual before farming begins, (Bangura 1972:58; B. Bangoura 1974:13; Paulme 1937:267), lit:"to pierce the plow"s?fal?n. (s? > Su = “horse”; f?l?s = “horse” in Bst) donkey do-s?ka/da-s?kan. dawn, early morning before dawn (Bmn) (Notes M:96)(k?)sokv. shove, jostle (Diassi 1974:30)(k?)s?kv. be clean, proper (Diassi 1974:24)k?-s?kn. hole in the dike worn through by the water (Diassi 1974:66)a-s?k?tn. Lophaetus occipitalis (long-crested hawk-eagle); or Stephenoetus coronatus (crowned hawk-eagle) (Diassi 1974:102)(k?)s?kεv. aid (Diassi 1974:31)Sokoren. forest spirit, enemy of Ninkinanka, a centaur (Appia 1943b:389; Lestrange 1950:8, 1415). (at Boke:Suguru; at Boffa:Sokore; at Forecariah:Suguri). He also comes into the village sometimes and forcibly circumcises young boys running naked in the street (Notes M:66)m' sokoriphr. good morning!a-sokot/a-s?k?tn. diviner who chases evildoers (Paulme 1958:413) (?); eagle (k?)solv. walk together do-soln. age-grade (general term—“those who walk together”) (B. Bangoura 1974:33); single file (k?)s?lεv. lose, get lost (Kalissa 1974:28)(k?)s?lεv. accompany someone on a walk (Diassi 1974:35)t?-s?lεn. green snakesolsen. small adze used by a sculptor. Cf. a-nata(k?)som/s?mv. eat, chew, munch (a hard object) (Diassi 1974:63; Notes L:47; Notes N:23)da-s?man. Susu country (Diassi 1974:94)wu-s?ma (a-)n. Susu person (Bangoura 1972:86; Diassi 1974:38,94)(k?)somp?rv. defend (Notes L:64)Somtupn. name of aMantsho?oP?n among the a-Tako and a-Samanthor (KatakoB’kor-aligned villages)sonaadj. only, alone, sole, single (B. Bangoura 1974:30)(k?)s?nεv. prick oneself (Diassi 1974:28)to-sonk (mo-)n. a kind of animal – gennet?Sonku = Tonko/ T?nk?ngba? (Notes S:98)Sontan. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)S?ntin. (Bkb) name given to a female initiate (Notes M:121)(k?)so?/s??v. give (Diassi 1974:17; Kalissa 1984:25; Notes L:57)(k?)s??εv. be the cause of (Diassi 1974:31)(k?)sopv. rub oil on the body (Diassi 1974:30,35); wash oneself with soap (ibid:35)(k?)s?pv. stick in, insert k?-s?p k?-tshan. ceremony to inaugurate the beginning of the transplanting of the rice a-s?p (-)/a-sop (ε-) n. (Bkl & Bst) pig, boar (Koelle 1854/1963) (Diassi 1974:25,88)(k?)sorv. thread a needle (Diassi 1974:29); slip something on, eg:slip a ring on a finger [same root as s?rn?? – should be s?r?] (Ganong 2008:22:sor)(k?)s?rv. (Bkl & Bst) cough (Koelle 1854/1963) (Diassi 1974:91)k?-sora/ ku-sura (ts?-/tsu-)n. bangles, bracelet (Notes L:36) (k?)s?rεv. be in the process of (doing something) (Diassi 1974:40)(k?)s?rnεv. put a series of things inside each other, as with a telescoping antenna, and draw each one out to a great height. cf. Temne a-s?rnε = height) (Notes M:60) [same root as sor? – should be sorn??]s?r?adv. again; cf. s?k?-S?rs?rnε/ Sorsornen. fiber costume with wooden headdress resembling Tiyambo used by youths lit. "Rise up, rise up" (Notes L:14, 49). (k?)s?sεv. dig holes in the ridges of the rice fields (Diassi 1974:29)s?s?tn. work association, larger than gbo?a (k?)s?tv. sew (Diassi 1974:29)wi-s?t (a-)n. tailor (Diassi 1974:25)(k?)s?tεv. urinate (Diassi 1974:28)m?-s?tεn. urine(k?)s?th?v. have, receive (Diassi 1974:86,63:s?t?)supron. us (Notes N:10)ku-su (tsu-)n. mouth (Diassi 1974:31); a system of language (Note L:31; Notes N:32)ku-su ka mε-sε (tshu-su tsha mε-sε)n. nippleku-su ka-tsholn. secret language of k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes M:26)(k?)suk/suksukv. wash fish (Diassi 1974:31)Sukurukambian. = Sokore? spirit with one leg (Paulme 1958:415); a religious organization (?) (Paulme 58:415)k?-suln. bamboo (Diassi 1974:29)a-sumn. night when it is darker than pi-bi (k?)sumpr?v. fall on (Kalissa 1985:15)(k?)sunεv. reopen a wound (Kalissa 1984:18)ku-sunka (tsh?-)n. clan (M. Bangoura 1991:18), the family (Notes N:28), lineage group (S. Bangoura 1972:22); extended family (B. Bangoura 1974:18); = kor (Notes M:48); doorway (Sarro 2009:xvi)ku-sunka n. (Bkl) door (?) (Koelle 1854/1963); (Bst) doorway; entranceway, stoop of a house (Notes T:36)(k?)sunp?r /sump?rv. catch (Diassi 1974:16; Sarro 2009:xvi)(k?)sunp?r-lopv. fish (S. Bangoura 1972:34)wi-sunp?r (a-)n. fisherman (Diassi 1974:103)ku-sununku (tshu-)n. lion (k?)su?v. fast (Diassi 1974:67)surundun. "crawcraw"; open sores, bumps on the body (Notes N:35)(k?)sutv. beat/kick(?) (B. Bangoura 1974:22,34); slap,hit (Kalissa 1984:15; Diassi 1974:30) (Notes N:7). mese ma-sut = "slapping the breasts (of D'mba)"a-sut ku-bofn. the first age group of little boys (Notes M:48) (lit. “those who beat the dust”)ku-sut k?-bεntch?mn. a game similar to hockey (B. Bangoura 1974:34) two teams used sticks to try to hit a ball through opposing goals, like hockey. played on the beach. Begins with ball put in a hole in the center of the court and two players try to beat it out and send it to the opposite sidek?-sutεn. stick used to beat (something) (Diassi 1974:54)po-sutε a?-t?fn. = b?nb?la (s) in Bst:a flat stick used to beat the earth flat in building the foundation of a house (k?)sutenεv. fight (Kalissa 1984:12)wu-suth? (a-) / wu-s?th?n. (?) name of a lineage group of primary status, descended from the founders of the village -- the masculine line (Paulme 1956:109), lit. "he found " (Paulme 1958:412). Cf. ku-l? kin kaíkosíT, Th, Ts, Tshtav. aux. not, do not, don't (imperative) (Kalissa 1984:31; Notes N:33); without (Notes N:19)k?-ta (ma-) n. day (Diassi 1974:86)tha/tha? (pa/pa?)v. (subjunctive verbal prefix) let's (Notes L:64; Kalissa 1984:17, 43) (Notes N:1) (pa? k?n = "Let's go"; pa dir? = “Goodby”/ “Good night”, literally “Let’s sleep”). Singular form is used to address one other person; plural form is used to address two or more people (MB).(k?)tsav. enclose (Diassi 1974:34)a-tshan. elephant's ear (Notes S:35)a-tshan. round shieldk?-tshan. side, direction, regionk?-tsha (ts?-/wa-)n. arm/hand (Kalissa 1984:9; Arcin 1907; Diassi 1974:17,91; Notes L:17,31)k?-tsha-disr?n. palm of the hand (“inside the hand”)k?-ta-d?-s?k?n. two days afterk?-ta-d?-s?k? k?-rar?? n. three days after tomorrowk?-tsha k?-merian. left hand; the left; northk?-tsha k?-t?tn. right hand (Diassi 1974:58), lit:"the good hand"; the right, south (Bmn) the south (Notes M:96)k?-ta-takan. a twenty-four hour dayka-tsha-k?-meran. (Bmn) north (Notes M:96)Tsha-tsh?-bokn. the most beautiful a-Tshol (Notes M:16)te-tan. business, matter te-ta akeinterrog. adv. why da-tabon. land of the white people (Diassi 1974:94)wi-tabo (a-)n. white person (European) (Diassi 1974:94)Tabunden. title of a man who acts as an assistant for a Mantsho-?o-P?n in performance (David Conrad, personal communication, 2015)t?fadj. big (Kalissa 1984:10), thickTafo/Tafo-ti-gbele/Tafo-anti-Bimgo n. (Su) a red-cloth used to counteract Bimgo medicine (Tyam 1976:27; Notes L:1)Tshaf?nn. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45, 61; Bangoura 1972:84; B. Bangoura 1974:49 (Diallo 1974:56) (Bmn) (Notes M:92)w?-tshaf?nn. rain (Kalissa 1984:32)Taiyain. name given to a woman's second born daughter (Notes L:7) (B. Bangoura 1974:24:Tyai) k?-ts?k (ts?)n. staff, used by boys in k?-k?ntsh (Notes M:17; S:119)k?-ts?k (wa-,vε-)n. leg, foot (Kalissa 1984:9). Cf. ta-ta?kk?-ts?k (ve-)n. antelopetakaadj. tired(k?)takav. (< Nalu, “be unable”?) be tired (Notes N:11)a-tshaka/a-tshakar (-)n. tortoise (Notes M:30), turtle ma-takan. fatigue, tiredness ta-taka (ma-)n. date, day (k?)th?k?sv. learn;v. teachtakeprep., conj. without/except (Kalissa 1984:25)ts?keinterrog.. adv. how? how much?tshagran. little bird. cf. a-bεmpa-tshaklala (-)n. a kind of black monkey. cf. w?kr, a-nk?rt, p?kr, a-rosu, t?kr, y?k (JNC)k?-taklan. a type of basket used to serve food during men's initiation (Notes S:60)wu-tako (a-)n. person (people) of the group of villages comprising Katako, Mare?, Kaklentsh, Kamsar, & Tshalbonto (Notes M:2)t?kr (m?kr)n. a little monkey (Diassi 1974:43). cf. w?kr, a-nk?rt, p?kr, a-rosu, a-tshalkaka, y?k(k?)tshakrav. punisha-taktakan. butterfly(k?)t?lv. understand (Notes N:32)k?-taln. the opening, fount, river (Diassi 1974:28)k?-tshaln. toad (cf. a-f?nt?l = frog) tal?puraphr. (Bmn) "goodbye" in the afternoon (Notes M:87)(k?)tal?rv. lie, tell an untruth (Diassi 1974:81)(k?)talev. slide (Kalissa 1984:5)talin. huge slit gong (Notes L:40) used at boys' initiation coming-out (Sylla 1984:11); differs from the Susu kiri? in that it has only one long opening at the top and the ends are closed. (Notes M:6)(k?)tsaliv. cross (Kalissa 1984:21, 37; Notes N:31)tal? (mal?)n. rice grain (pl.:rice) (Diassi 1974:93)(k?)tamv. be able; bear (Notes N:46); v. be stronger than (Diassi 1974:38; Sarro 2009:xv)a-tamn. Egretta alba (great white egret bird)k?-tamn. power (k?)tsam?sv. trade, hawk, peddle, sell (Diassi 1974:91)wi-tsam?s (a-)n. trader, merchant (Diassi 1974:91)tamba (mamba)n. (Su) drum (generic) (Notes L:25); small drum held under armpit (Notes L-39; M:6), heavy musical instrument-from Susu (Diallo 1974:19); = k?n-tchεmp in Baga?; hide at both ends, strings along sides.ka-tamban. women's hoe (Paulme 1957:267; Traoré 1980:406) t?mbak?nn. period of three years of prohibition before initiation.Thambalεnn. = D'mba name used among Mandinginfluenced Baga (Notes L:49); (doubtful - see k?-mbalεn/ta-mbalεn) t?mbaliplipn. (a-Tako) sparrow (Notes M:66). cf. a-gba?a, tatshbaronkaTambamanen. personal name of Kura of Kangbinifi ward, Katako (Notes M:33). an "idol" (Arcin 1907:463).(k?)ts?mb?rv. place (Kalissa 1984:39)Tamboln. (?) a name associated with Ter? (Notes ??)Tamborian. (Bkl) headdress representing an initiated girl (Notes M:133)Tambuin. (PUK) = P?ntshaman/ Tankulum.(k?)tsh?mbrv. escort (Notes N:39)(k?)ts?mεv. stop (Kalissa 1984:21)(k?)ts?mεts?mεv. stop repeatedly (Kalissa 1984:21)tamokulumn. (PUK) a swear at Binari to prevent someone from doing something (Notes M:36); a place in the forest, or a spirit, at Binari (Koita 1983:31); = Tankulum?tsh?mtsh?mn. a kind of drum tsamt?ma?klεadj. nine (9) (Notes L:37)tsamt?masadj. eight (8) (Notes L:37)tsamt?mεr??adj. seven (7) (Notes L:37)tsamtitinadj. six (6) (Notes L:37)do-tshann. chair/bench (Notes L:35)k?-tande/ k?-tanen. basketry (Camara 1975:22); a conical vessel (sieve) made of a basket with packed mud suspended on three stakes, for holding the salt and mud gathered for salt production (S. Bangoura 1972:24) used to filter salt at the salt mines.tandiranaphr. (Bmn) "good night" said to two or more people (Notes M:87)tangon. a sp. of light wood used to carve masks and paddles and D?mba (Camara 1974:59, 73a,87), whose bark is used to make black pigment (ibid:81)(k?)tsh?nk?lv. listen (k?)tsh?nk?nv. trembletanken. bamboo support used to hold headdresses (such as Tiyambo)tanko (manko)n. mango Tankulumn. (PUK) = Tambui/ P?ntshaman(k?)ts?ntsεnεv. cause (Kalissa 1984:20)tant?fadj. below, on the bottom. cf. t?ftanun. Heterotrogon vittatum (bar tailed trogon bird)k?-tanyin. a sp. of hard wood (Camara 1975:59, 91) used to carve masks, handles, and stools; a kind of wood whose sap is used in making red dye/paint (Sylla 1976:28; Camara 1975:80)(k?)tsa?v. nail (Diassi 1974:17); close, locktsa?adj. closedk?-t??n. dry season (Figarol 1907-12:170); dry season; time of "scarcity of food"- January-February (Notes L:24; S. Bangoura 1972:16,65; B. Bangoura 1974:7); dry season, ca. January 15-May 15, after lenk (Paulme); February-April (Diallo 1974:34)k?-tsha?a calabash (k?)tsha??rv. enclose(k?)tsh???l/ tsh??k?lv. listen (Notes N:15), listen to (Notes N:2)Ts??alan. June, "starting of digging" (on the farm) (Notes M:21)Ts??ats??an. January, lit. time of "survival"; when there is not enough food; September (November) lit. "to persevere" or "to keep on stumbling" or "dizziness (because of hunger)" Notes M:14,21) (?)ta?kn. (Bkb) June-July; lit. "early rains"; time of heavy farmwork (Notes M:117)ts??kadj. (Bkl & Bst) fresh, cold (Koelle 1854/1963)tsha?kadj. shy (Notes N:13)ta-ta?k (ma-)n. (Bkl & Bst) leg (Koelle 1854/1963) (Notes L:31). Cf. k?-ts?kp?-tsh??kin. coolness (k?)t??nεv. agree (mutually); become unified, unite (Notes N:52)k?-t??nεn. unity (Notes L:64)(k?)tsha? wak?rbav. make the Wak?rba mask (S. Bangoura 1972:44)(k?)tsha?to v. put the hide on a drum (Diassi 1974:35); generally:"close"; make a (mask/costume)t??tan. port tapn. the smaller of two small bowls used to eat rice or turned upside down to cover larger vessels as a lid (Notes M:64). cf. dap (Diassi 1974:39:tapa)Tshapeln. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015); same word as tshapl?tshap?r/tshapln. a type of organized dance without masquerade, e.g. the dance of women at a marriage (cf. yarsis); dance of men in the sacred forest (Notes L:4) done to the accompaniment of the se?gbe (Notes S:38); a dance including men and women at the central plaza of the village, rotating in a circle, with musical instruments, after the a-Mansho-?a-Tshol has returned to its sacred forest (A. Camara 1990:37); Nalu name of the sacred forest of a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol (?) (Seidel 2014:122)tshap?rn. a medicine used on sores made of the ashes of certain types of leaves (Notes N:8)tsh?pafon. indirect/metaphoric speech, e.g., parable, riddle (k?)tsh?p?snεv. mumble (Notes N:19)Tshapin. (Bmn) name given to a woman's second born female child (Notes M:88) = Taiyai (B. Bangoura 1974:29)(k?)tsh?pn?v. carry on the head Tshapronk? / Tsh?pronk? / Tshapronkε n. women's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Bangoura 1972:85; B. Bangoura 1974:49; Diallo 1974:56; David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)taTshapr?nk?n. masked spirit of the boys' initiation (Sylla 1984:9; N'Diaye 1986:63); youths' entertainment mask (Camara 1975:29; Diallo 1974:49). Cf. Tsh?pr?nk?Taptshonk / Thaptshu?kn. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45; David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)(k?)t?rv. hope (Notes L:65)a-tar (-)n. raffia (Camara 1975:113; Diassi 1974:35)da-tsharn. slavery (Sarro 2009:xiv)k?-tarn. (Bmn) short stick hung with bells and used by women in dance (Notes M:92)wi-tshar (a-)n. slave (Diassi 1974:44; Notes L:23; Notes N:5, 20)(k?)tsh?r?/tsh?r?/tsh?r?v. know (Notes N:1)taran. (< Su – ntara) big sister or brother (Notes N:25, 38; Sarro 1996:Songs 5)Taribon. (Bkb) name given to a male initiate (Notes M:121)k?-tarokadv., n. year after next t?n-tsh?rok (m?n-)n. clitoris. cf. k?-ronttar?r?s?k?n. two days after tomorrow (k?)tasv. depart, pass (Diassi 1974:28)(k?)tas?rnεv. compete, best someone (Hockins draft 2013:32). cf. pus?rnεTasim? / Ta-Sim?n. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L-61; Camara 1975:34 (incorporating the Susu sim??) (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015)k?-thas-rokn. year after next yeark?-thas-rok k? reran n. three years from now tatak?adj. after (Kalissa 1984:39)k?-tat?pn. Phalacrocorax africanus (long-tailed shag bird)tatshbaronkan. sparrow (Notes M:66). cf. a-gba?a, t?mbalipliptshatsh?k?adj. this (one) here taya (maya)n. scarification (k?)tev. be able (Diassi 1974:17)(k?)tev. rot (Kalissa 1984:14)a-te (-)n. termite (Diassi 1974:25)te taconj. because (Notes N:30)tε-tε (mε-)n. trousers (Diassi 1974:25; Notes L:35)(k?)tsεv. expose; put in the sun (Diassi 1974:36)(k?)tshev. be careful (Notes N:25); v. shun (Notes N:33), reject (Notes N:60) (k?)tshεv. let, leave (Notes N:3)k?-tεfrεnεadj., n. oppositea-tek (me-) (-)n. heel (Diassi 1974:64; Notes L:32)te-tekn. a clearing in the forest tεka n. little chin (Baird; Diassi 1974)a-Tεk?nn. adult female initiation society (for those who have borne a child (Notes L:43) the women's bush -- in the opposite direction from the a-fan (Notes M:30)tel (mel)n. a little hoe (Diassi 1974:35)(k?)tεlv. cut, harvest (Kalissa 1984:17,39; Diassi 1974:28; Notes N:41)k?-t?ln. harvesting, the harvest (Notes L:43; S. Bangoura 1972:40)wu-teln. poor personka-tεlan. beginning of the dry season (S. Bangoura 1972:64); time of harvest -- December-January (Notes L:24); November-January (S. Bangoura 1972:69; Diallo 1974:33)(k?)tel?rv. slide (Diassi 1974:85)a-telmεts (-)n. fireflytεmn. (< Engl) timeta-temn. (Bkb) old man (Notes M:125)ta-Tem n. (Bkb) "the old man" = a-Mantsho-?a-Tshol (Notes M:125, 128) tεm-tεmadv. sometimewu-them (a-)n. male elder; old man (Notes L:35); male ancestor. cf. themn?wuThemn. = Somtup; lit.:"the patriarch" (Notes L:16,49).wuThemBak?nn. = Bak?n, personal name of the a-Tshol from D?klatsh? ward at K’fen (Notes M:20); praise name for Tshol at K’fen (David Conrad, personal communication, 25 September 2015--Song by Amara Bangoura 3/17/08)wuThemS?n??kn. personal name of aTshol at Kamshomble ward, Katako (Notes M:35).wi-them v?-ka-daren. a famous, notable elder (an elderly councilor) (lit. "the man of the village") a-tshem (-)n. guinea-fowl k?-teman. a sp. of wood used in carving masks (Camara 1975:73a)k?-tsεmb?ln. palm tree/leaf (Notes L:51); mat (k?)ts?mb?r-k?-l?v. build a house (Camara 1975:44) (JNC)a-tshemben. imported clay jar used in Somtup ritual to hold palm wine (S. Bangoura 1972:56) - and also used in marriage ceremonies ta-tembran. (Bkb) old woman (Notes M:125)k?-tchembr a-pεpε n. second phase of engagement for marriage:"presenting the calabash" (B. Bangoura 1974:61) wiTembran. (see aBol), lit.:"the old woman" (Notes L:50, 52).wu-thembra (a-) n. old woman (Arcin 1907; Diassi 1974:85; Notes L:35)(k?)temε/timiv. wake up (Diassi 1974:42; Notes N:89)(k?)tεmεv. remain (Notes N:78)tεmεmiadv. perhaps(k?)tεmεnεv. think (Notes L:47)tεmf?padv. always(k?)themn?v. be old (MB) (?n themn? = “He’s old”). cf. Themn? (Temne) peoplede-ts?mpn. youth (male only) (MB)wu-tsεmp (a-)n. adult male (B. Bangoura 1974:21), young man (Notes N:72), unmarried male adult class (S. Bangoura 1972:25)s?-tempan. the staff used by the initiates of k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes S:187)s?-tεmpan. vine, rope (Notes L:39; Notes S:187)(k?)tεmpεnεv. fall (Kalissa 1984:12); fig.,:be promiscuous (of a woman)(k?)tεmpεnεtεmpεnεv. fall repeatedly (Kalissa 1984:21)tshεmpiadj. clear, intelligibletempirfin (mempirfin)n. bat (animal) (k?)tsεmtsεmnεv. remember (Kalissa 1984:19); think over, reflect (Notes N:6)a-tsenn. beam running lengthwise at the summit of a roof serving as the spine (Notes T:38)a-tshen (-) n. (< Fr.?) dog(k?)tεn/ tεnεv. look for, search for (Kalissa 1984:34; Diassi 1974:16, 42); find (Notes N:14); get (Notes N:37)k?-t?nn. object of research, object search for (k?)tεnεnεv. look for each other (Kalissa 1984:19)(k?)tεntsnεv. stretch (oneself)? (Kalissa 1984:18)(k?)tsε?v. suck through the teeth (sign of distain) (Diassi 1974:70)-tsεp(a) (a-)n. the youth (Kalissa 1984:17,33)(k?)tshεpv. transplant rice shoots (S. Bangoura 1972:40; Diassi 1974:34; Diallo 1974:30)(k?)tshεpv. bind(k?)tshεp s?-wuv. bend the knee, bow down(k?)tsep?r/tshεp?r/tsεps?rv. pass; be more than (Kalissa 1984:40; Notes N:14); v. follow (Notes N:27); v. go (Notes N:49); v. join, link, tie up. Cf. tsh?ps?/tsh?ps?r(k?)tshep?r n?v. pass by (Notes N:71)(k?)tshep?sv. clear the bush (k?)tsεpnεv. cut oneself (Kalissa 1984:16)tεpitshadv. (everywhere except Tokotsh) a little bit, for a little bit (cf. pεpitsh, pitinini)tεpitsh-tεpitshadv. slowly, carefully, little by little, a little bit(k?)tsh?ps?v. follow. Cf. tsep?r/tshεp?r/tsεps?rtern. initiation ceremonies for elder men (Povos 1972:Fig 151) (- see Notes M:48)(k?)terv. dislike (someone) (Diassi 1974:28,43), hate (Notes N:49)tεrn. a small mouse (Diassi 1974:62)(k?)tserv. leave, reject (Diassi 1974:34)k?-tern. process of blackening with charcoal and palm oil, as used on the D'mba mask (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)w?-tern. someone who hates (Notes N:49)wa-tshεr??n. technique, skill (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)a-terεn. enemy (Notes N:49)(k?)tshεrε/tsh?r?v. know, recognize (Notes L:61; N:14) kε-terir (yε-)n. sand crab, reddish, small, found on beach.t?rk?t (m?rk?t)n. hot pepper terpε (merpε) n. anus (Notes L:32)tes (mes)n. thing (Diassi 1974:35; Sarro 2009:xvi); deed (Sarro 2009:xvi) (mes ma-a-baka = “history of the Baga”)(k?)tsεsv. remove the palm kernels with an axe (Diassi 1974:36)k?-tshεsn. palm branch used to beat the initiates in k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes S:101, 108)a?Thesan. female spirit of the forest (Notes L:30); lit.:"the beautiful one" (Diassi 1974:28); a woman’s title or name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation = "beautiful woman" (Notes L:45).(k?)tes?sv. make (something) finetεsε (mεs?)n. breast (Diassi 1974:35) (cf. m?s? = “milk”)tεsε (mεs?)n. honey [same as "breast"?]thesε adj. good (Kalissa 1984:32 Diassi 1974:105), beautiful (Kalissa 1984:32; Diassi 1974:28), welltεssadj. incomparable (Notes L:64)(k?)tεtv. cut with a blade (Diassi 1974:25)tshεtshεkn. (Bmn) deep night, midnight midnight to dawn (Notes M:96)i-tsetshεran. (Bkb) young woman (Notes M:125)k?-tetian. sickle used for rice harvest (cf. bira, w?rt?)(k?)teyεv. burn oneself; be burned down (Kalissa 1984:13)wu-tf?n (a-)n. person (people ) of the group of villages comprising Kotongoro and Kawass (Notes M:133)(k?)tiv. curve, bend (Diassi 1974:28)tipron. it (generic, no class) (Notes N:1)(k?)tiv. incline, bow, bend (Diassi 1974:28) (JNC)k?-ti/tshin. justice (Diallo 1974:52)ki-tshian. fault an-tshibin. a species of tree (Notes S:191a-tibisn. (Bmn) a knife (Notes M:86)Tibinen. (Bkb) name given to an initiate (Notes M:121)a-tibisn. the stone that the first boy to be circumcised sat on wi-tibis (a-)n. initiate of the youngest grade, n-k?ntsh (Bangoura 1972:78):the newly circumcised boy (B. Bangoura 1974:40); the first boy to be circumcised (Notes M:7); boy chosen to be circimcised ahead of the others, the night before (Notes M:7)w?-tshik (tsh?-)n. deer w?-tsikra (a-)n. stranger (Kalissa 1984:37)(k?)tikrov. bow down (Notes M:20); bow the face (Notes M:23)Tikron. ugly, black mask of old man with beard, invented at Kawass in 1980's, used in expiation dance (Notes M:1920). Affiliated with D'mba-da-Tshol; perhaps a male version of D'mba-da-Tsholtim (mim)n. lung (Diassi 1974:39) / liver? tim-to-fotsh (mim-)n. heart timban. large drum 1m -1.5m H (Camara 1975:35) often supported by figures, played by men (Notes M:6) = ma-timbo in PUK -- used by men (see Tyam 1976:49ff:BLS); (Bst & BLS) small drum used by male initiates (Bangoura 1972:80) [?]timbo (?)n. bonnet, crown (S. Bangoura 1972:12)ma-timbon. (Bmn) = timba in (Bst)(k?)tsimsεnεv. fight (Kalissa 1984:39:simsεnε)tinadv. all together (Notes N:5)te-tinn. something (Notes N:28)(k?)thinv. shake (Notes N:97)tinbin. (k?-Bεrε-Tshol) ?an-tsings?n. a tortoise with a red shell and long arms (Notes M:30)tinkiadj. of people who have have violated the interdiction (Notes L:56)(k?)tshInklv. shake, tremble (CC)ti?gbirin. game of spinning topsti?k?robobon. automobile (“quiet shaking”?) ? (tship)n. a type of crab (Notes N:83)(k?)tipiv. break, undote-tsir-tinadj. one thousand (1000) (Notes L:37) (JNC)me-tsir (no pl.)n. blood (Notes L:32)me-tsir-mεr??adj. two thousand (2000) (Notes L:37)tira n. little she-goat (Diassi 1974:40)Tirban. formerly a Kokoli (Landuma) women's dance; borrowed by the Baga (Notes M:55)ki-tshispi (tshi-)n. cock, rooster (k?)tshitshv. draw a-tsitshn. circle, spacea-tshitsh da-tshon. village circle where dances are held (JNC)k?-titi (tshi-)n. loin kidney [?] (Diassi 1974:25)k?-titin. basin titshirtinadj. thousand to-tshkon. balls of fat on the back of a person's neck (Notes M:25)(k?)tshiyav. make a mistake (Hockins draft 2013:5)Tiyambon. female bust headdress (Sylla 1984:illus.; Plastique 1970:25), with Fulatype coiffure (Camara 1975:88), and horns (Notes L:30,33; Holas 1947:65).(k?)t?v. have (Notes N:28, 95)(k?)tsh?v. pound rice in a mortar (RB)da-tsh?adj., prep. in the middle of (Notes N:25), between, amongk?-t?n. a funnel (Diassi 1974:29)ku-t?n. March -- time of collecting palm wine ku-t?n. instrument used to collect the palm wine (Notes M:82)u-t? bεrε a-tsholn. one who has not been initiated into k?-Bεrε-Tsholwu-tsoadj. 10 (Kalissa 1984:40; Diassi 1974:17)wu-tso k?-tsam?tadj. 15 (Kalissa 1984:40) (JNC)ToMal?n. a clan responsible for sacrifice before eating newly harvested rice (Notes M:46) (also Tomalong, T?malo, and toMalo) wu-t?-yo-dakan. poor person (lit., “someone who doesn’t have a thing”)Tobontshin. village tutelary spirit at Bukor (S. Bangura 1972:72).T?be?kann. (Bmn) name given to initiates (Notes M:92)Togban. (Bkb) name given to an initiate (Notes M:121)t?f (m?f)n. ticka-t?f/an-th?f /a-nt?f (?)n. the land, territory, place (Notes N:13); ground, floor (Notes L:35, N:10); people [cf. French monde = world/people] (Notes N:16); village (S. Bangoura 1972:21)(k?)ts?fv. burn (Diassi 1974:24,34)a-tof?n (-)n. dog-faced baboon (MB)ta-tohangan. the ritual "telephone" used to call people from afar. (Notes L:2)ka-t?k/ku-t?k (-) n. wood, tree (S. Bangoura 1972:21; Camara 1975:55; Kalissa 1984:9, 17; Diassi 1974:29,91); firewood (Notes L:36), a stick (Notes N:80)t?k?n. praise (Notes L:57)a-ts?k? (-)/a-t?k? (ε-) n. (Bkl) fowl, hen, chicken (Koelle 1854/1963 1854/1963; Bangoura 1972:86; Diassi 1974:92; Notes L:37)t?-ts?k? (m?-)n. chick ts?k?ts?k?adj., adv. before (Kalissa 1984:34), at first, formerly-Tsholn. = k?-Bεrε-Tshol (B. Bangoura 1974:48-9)? -tsol/tshol (tsh?-)n. (Bst & Bkl) medicine, both scientific and traditional (Koelle 1854/1963 & S. Bangura:tshor, sacred object; prohibition (Notes L:56); "medicine" used to protect farm:bottle of sacred water, wood, kola nut (Traore 1980:406) (see εlεk); used in a-fan to guard the gates during the entire duration of k?-k?ntsh (Notes M:32) ); a stage in initiation (Notes L:49)?Tsholn. human/beaked head on socle, used as guardian figure for male initiation, as a healing device by healers, and as a dance headdress with no costume (Sylla 1984:8; M. Riviere 1975:171).?-Tshol-?a-B?psan. (Bmn) = T?nk?ngba in Bst (Notes M:94)?-Tshol-??-P?nn. he title or name of the first boy initiated in k?-Bεrε-Tshol (Notes M:50)Ma-Tshol/Matsh?li/Matiol n. (Su) (1) = third degree initiation to Baga Aparan among Nalu (Bangoura 1972:87; Camara 1975:35); second degree among Baga -- degree devoted to a-Tshol (ibid:87), open to both males and females (Notes L:45; Camara 1975:34), the k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (k?)tolav. beg (Notes N:15)(k?)t?lεv. do on purpose (Diassi 1974:35)T?lεn. (Bkk) a spirit collected from the sea and appeared only at the circumcision (Notes M:111)k?-t?lεn. a boil (Diassi 1974:35)k?-di tolomn. male initiation (S. Bangoura 1972:76)t?l?bitan. great grandsondo-tsh?m (su-)n. chair, bench, stool (Notes N:60), seat, position, stool used for the seating of lineage heads (S. Bangoura 1972:24,56; Camara 1975:48, 90, 91; B. Bangoura 1974:20); cf. t?gb?kl?k?-tsom (ts?-)n. bread (Notes L:37)toman. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270)T?malon. name of the clan responsible for the rice ritual; also the name of the patron spirit of rice found along the marigots or in the trees. There was no mask representation (Notes M:55); a spirit involved in protection of harvest (Notes M:55; Appia 1943:171173); a village tutelary spirit at B’kor (S. Bangoura 1972:72); god of rice and earth (B. Bangoura 1974:13); (also Tomalo? and toMalo)T?mbon. (Bkb) name given to a female initiate (Notes M:121)(k?)tsombr?v. rebuild (Kalissa 1984:13)(k?)t?mp?rv. have, hold; adopt (a child)(k?)t?mp?rnεv. make provisions p?-t?mp?rnεn. provisions for a journeyTompunkn. the mask that is called Tombu in Tolokots; used by boys of ka-k?ntsh in Katako, Kakilentsh, and Mare, when they went to steal rice. (Notes M:28, 66) – = Dudu?(k?)tshon moro/tsho? moro v. make a mixture of water and palm kernel fat in producing palm oil (S. Bangoura 1972:36)t?nd? (m?nd?)n. large clay vessel (22)w?-t?ne (a-)n. deaf person tondu (mondu)n. buttock(s) (Notes L:32)tsh?nk (pl.?)n. skirt made of date palm leaves worn by the male initiates (Notes S:132, 135). cf. y?maa-tsh?nkn. a tall sp. of palm tree with inedible fruit-leaves are used to construct the ta-mbalεn of the boys in a-kεntshan-tsh?nk ?a bulεn. palmetto leaf (Notes M:8)T?nk?n. = T?nk?ngba -- term used at Kamsar and Talbonto (Notes M:51), also among Nalu (Curtis 1996, 2013).T?nk?ngban. horizontal wooden headdress, with snout, oblong head, and horns in an almond shape (Notes L:1,11). Modern usage:"radio"t?nk?ngban. radio; cf also the spirit (Notes L:37)Tonkurεn. a young man's association (Sarro 2009:xvi)(k?)tonnεv. attend (Kalissa 1984:37)tontshn. prohibition (S. Bangoura 1972:36; Diassi 1974:64, B. Bangoura 1974:16:Tonty); secular law, as opposed to a-fan (ibid:55). an patki tontsh = announcement made at night lifting the prohibition on harvesting palm kernels (S. Bangoura 1972:36). a ts?mb?r tontsh = to begin the prohibition on the harvesting of palm kernels.(k?)t??v. flow (Diassi 1974:40)(k?)tso?v. prepare (food), cook (Kalissa 1984:31; Diassi 1974:17)(k?)ts??v. push (Diassi 1974:70)wi-tso? (a-)n. the cook (Diassi 1974:17)tsh???sn. June (beginning of farming) (lit."push and push"; they have to push the dry dirt off the kop when farming) (Notes M:82)tsho?irn. digging stick (k?)tsh??kv. have courage (Notes N:28)(k?)tsh??nεv. push off (go), move (Notes N:50); approach (k?)tso?kεv. prepare, make (Kalissa 1984:24)(k?)ts??nεv. continuewi-to?gro wi-tf?n (a-to?gro a-tf?n)n. person (people) of Katongoro and Kawass (Diallo 1974:20)T???n. (Bmn & Bst) name given to a woman's second born male child (Notes M:88; Notes L:7; B. Bangoura 1974:29; Diassi 1974:13)T??? tsu-luksorn. name given to a woman’s seventh born male child (tsu-luksor added to each of five given names, after fifth) (Notes L:45)(k?)to?tn?v. crouch, squat t?pn. small spade (Diassi 1974:25, 32), cf. k?p(k?)tsop v. begin (JNC)ku-tsopn. beginningku-thsop ka du-run. beginning of the world(k?)tsh?p v. (Bkl & Bst) speak (Koelle 1854/1963) (Diassi 1974:24; Notes L:47; N:4); ta m tsh?p'n = "keep quiet!" (Notes N:97)ku-tsh?p-a-f?n. "hidden or indirect speech; the skill of speaking about something through allegories and metaphors" (Sarro 2009:xiv –capafo [tsapafo in our orthography], which is probably a miss-transcription, meaning, literally, "not speech" or "negative speech") (?)m?-tsh?pn. a quarrel (Notes N:74)(k?)tsh?pεnεv. discuss (Notes N:52)k?-t?pεtsh (tsh?-)n. (Su) kola (cf. kola/tsola) (k?)t?pronεv. get, provide oneself with (Kalissa 1984:25)(k?)tshopuv. break (a branch), cut (a rope) (k?)tor/t?rov. go down (Notes N:67)tshoron. a little bit of oil (as opposed to moro, “oil”) t?r? (m?r?)n. mountain (S. Bangoura 1972:21)(k?)tors/t?rsv. punish (Notes N:14)t?tadj., adv. carefully, well, beautiful, good (Diassi 1974:25,28), kinda-tshots (-)n. a fly (Diassi 1974:34)do-t?t / p?-t?tn. kindness, goodness (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 20)t?-t?t (m?-)n. bead(s) (Notes L:36); necklace (pl.) u-t?tn. beauty (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 20)wi-t?t (a-)n. gentleman (Diassi 1974:25)tshotsan. (Bkb) September-October; time when there are lots of "tsetse flies" in the farms (Notes M:117)totshkon. knob on back of D'mba's neck (Notes M:25); eggplant a-toton. conical headdress of the boys in initiation (Sylla 1984:10; Camara 1975:30) = ta-mbalεn or a-re?k (Notes M:7, 8)Tshotshon. name given to a woman's first born son (Notes L:7; B. Bangoura 1974:29) also in Bmn (Notes M:88)Tshotsho tsuluksorn. name given to a woman's sixth boy (Notes L:45; Notes N:49)wi-tshrm-tshrm (a-) n. small boy (Notes N:99)tshuadj. (Bkl & Bst) sick (Koelle 1854/1963; Diassi 1974:57; Notes N:84). do/d?-tshu (no pl.)n. sickness (Diassi 1974:94)wi-tshu (a-)n. sick person wu-tuba (a-)n. Djakanke person (k?)tubutshv. measure (JNC)tukumadj. deep, widek?/ku-tuln. handle of a tool, stump (Diassi 1974:29); charcoal from kitchen(k?)tulnεv. bow down (Kalissa 1984:15)(k?)tuluv. refuse to give (Diassi 1974:29)ku-tsum ka am-bayokn. Cassaura farina, manioc, cassava, yucca (Paulme 1957:274)tumbonkloadj. bald Tumbun. mask worn horizontally (resembling Banda) with horns parallel to face and long ears; danced to force a new bride to copulate with groom; mask is responsible for keeping the family united (Notes L:30; M:24) tumεfεadj. shallowtumsa (mumsa)n. cat (Diassi 1974:103:to-m?sa)tumsa ta-do-r?-mun n. octopus, lit:“the cat of the water" (Diassi 1974:103)ku-tundun. stud extending from the ceiling to the roof spine of a house (Notes T:38)u-tungulun. idlera-tshunkn. the binding around the rods (a?-ki?kili) supporting a house roof on top of the walls (Notes T:38) (k?)tupv. taste, as in tasting a bit of sauce to see if its ready; taste saliva, etc. (Notes M:47) (JNC) v. kiss, embrace (Diassi 1974:60)po-tupn. taste (JNC)Tupεnεn. (PUK) = Tombu?tsupenεn. (? – part of the human anatomy)(k?)tsupuv. cut/cross (cf. gbinti)(k?)thurv. come (Notes N:1), lower, descendtsurn. pile of harvested rice (Diassi 1974:61)tura (mura)n. (< Port) bull (k?)turanεv. happen, take place; (Notes L:63)Turikan. (PUK) = aTsholtsutshaadj. difficulttshutsha k?ndεadj. difficult to come sit with (to satisfy) (Notes N:49)UV (see also W, sometimes interchangeable)(k?)vak?snεv. think(k?)vev. call (someone) (Notes L:57). Cf. (k?)wede-vεn. thunderte-ve (me-)n. namevelan. (< Engl?) whale (?)ki-velan. Hagedashia Hagedash (hadada bird)p?-vεlvεln. lightningW (see also V, sometimes interchangeable)wafn. (< Engl) wharf, port(k?)waiv. buy; v. sell (Notes N:16)(k?)wakv. try (Diassi 1974:32; Notes N:5); v. return a slap; beat/challenge (Notes N:21); v. disparage/distain/put down (Notes N:47)wakamkom?nεn. October "the month of the relatives"; tough month, one is dependant upon relatives for food (Notes M:14)(k?)waknεv. challenge (Notes N:11)Wak?rban. huge costume of leaves (Notes M:47), used in boys' initiation, k?diWak?rba (B. Bangoura 1974:36); youth's entertainment mask (Camara 1975:29). wak?rban. first pseudo initiation (excluding circumcision) for boys 18-15 years old. (B. Bangoura 1974:35-36)k?-di-wak?rban. first initiation for boys aged 10-15, without circumcision, lit.:"to eat wak?rba " (B. Bangoura 1974:36)w?kr (ts?kr)n. monkey (Diassi 1974:37,40). cf. a-nk?rt, p?kr, a-rosu, t?kr, a-tshalkaka, y?kw?kr wa-robon. a species of monkey (JNC)k?-waln. site of the boy's initiation residence (S. Bangoura 1972:79; Camara 1975:29; Sylla 1984:10); post-circumcision site (Notes M6); men's drinking and conversation place (S. Bangoura 1972:28) in the sacred forest (Diassi 1974:33); also place of second male initiation (S. Bangoura 1972:84) walan / wala?n. a dance of initiation (audiotape notes, André Schaeffner, 1954 [Musée de l’Homme 81.12.1-4])(k?)walεv. gulp down a big mouthful a food (Diassi 1974:37)(k?)walεv. tear to pieces (Diassi 1974:37)waliv. (Su) work (Notes L:62, 64), work the farm (Notes N:25); plant (Notes N:11)a-wam?n (-)(< Nalu, waam) oyster (Sylla 1976:39; Camara 1975:81)a-wann. a sp. of wood whose sap is used to make white pigment (Camara 1975:81)k?-wan (ts?-)n. war, battle (Notes L:37, 61); name of an initiation for small boys (David Conrad, personal communication, 2015)k?-wan (tsh?-)n. drum on the form of a tube 2-3 metres long (S. Bangoura 1972:69) one end with head:the other open, held against someone's belly, who moderates the sound by pulling the stomach in and out = "wars" (played on serious occasions); or a long cylindrical drum beaten at both ends -- cf. a-gbit? (Notes S:53) wan (a-wut)n. (Bkl & Bst) child (Notes L:35) (Diassi 1974:37), son (Notes N:5) (Koelle 1854/1963), fraternal nephew. Cf. to-wut / a-wut (JNC)wan-apan. age mate (Ganong 2008:25), friend (JNC)wan-f?t (a-wut-f?t) / wan u-fεt (a-wut a-f?t)n. young child, toddler (Notes N:1) (JNC); cf. wan u-fεt wan s? (a-wut s?)n. grandchild (JNC)wan u-t?-k?ntsh (a-wut a-t?-k?ntsh)n. an uninitiated person (JNC)wan w?rkun (a-wut a-rkun)n. male child (JNC)wan w?ran (a-wut a-ran)n. female child (JNC)wanta n. trousers (pl. only) a-warn. Ardea goliath (goliath heron bird)de-warn. (Bkb) the time when boys went for initiation; the place where the elders met to drink and discuss the procedure of the initiation (Notes M:120)a-Wárnan. (Bmn) the initiation for the young married Baga women; = a-Tεk?n in Bst (Notes M:92)(k?)wasv. weed (Diassi 1974:33), clear a space of vegetation (Notes M:5)(k?)wasev. answer (Notes N:52)watshn. (< Engl) watch, clock(k?)wev. be called (something) (Kalissa 1984:39); v. call (Diassi 1974:36; Notes N:52). Cf. (k?)veka-we (tsha-)n. Ceiba pentandra, silk-cotton tree (Camara 1975:47), wood used in carving paddles, pestles and drums (ibid:73a) (JNC)te-we (me-)n. name (Notes N:89; Sarro 2009:xvi)(k?)weiv. (Bkl) buy (Koelle 1854/1963; Diassi 1974:32)(k?)wεkv. prop up, support (Diassi 1974:33); v. put together in a mass (ibid:39); press (ibid:39)tε-wεkn. pressing, squeezing (Diassi 1974:38)WekiyaWekiyan. = Komnε in Katako, Mare, Kakilentsh; = Pεndε-Pεndε in Susu (Notes M:65).p?-wεlwεln. lightning; flash of light (cf k?-nεk)(k?)w?nv. push, move (as a curtain) (k?)wεnεv. associate with (Notes N:57)(k?)wεntv. fishu-wεntn. fisherman/womanw?ntsh (a-)n. brother we?weadj. not any (k?)wεpv. scold roughly (Diassi 1974:37)(k?)werv. ask wer (tsher)n. small mouse (Diassi 1974:37) (cf. per)(k?)wεrpv. dream(k?)wεswεsv. call out to (someone) (Diassi 1974:82)(k?)wεtv. gather, collect (Diassi 1974:33)ka-wetn. sacred grove of a-Mantsho-?o-P?n (Notes N:97)dε-wεtsan. fraternity (Diassi 1974:94)wu-wεtsa (a-)n. younger brother (Diassi 1974:37)wikn. (Engl) wick (for a lamp)windan. (Engl) windowwir (tsir)n. (Bkl & Bst) goat (Koelle 1854/1963; S. Bangoura 1973:21; Diassi 1974:37, 44)wiri (a-wiri-a?a)n. mother (2nd person address) (JNC)wisi (a-wisi-a?a)n. father (2nd person address) (JNC)a-wo (tsh?-)n. rush, cane, rattan k?-w?n. hoop net for fishing wobe n. a sp. of tree whose sap is used in making yellow dye paint (Sylla 1976:30; Camara 1975:81)w?k?ladj. big, widea-w?k?tshn. a cold (illness)(k?)wolv. play (Notes L:62); v. fuck (cf. f?nt?rε) (k?)wol?lv. play(k?)wol?sv. play (Kalissa 1984:31; Diassi 1974:16), enjoy (Notes N:12), reenact, rehearse, make a repetition (Hockins, draft 2013:5). See d?-k?-wol?s(k?)wolεnεv. have sexual intercourse (Notes L:37)k?-wolεnεn. copulation wololoexcl. an expression of grief, sorrow, sympathy, surprise (Notes N:43); sometimes read sarcastically, or in amusement; an exclamation as "Oh my God!," "Good grief!," or "Oh dear."(k?)wolsεnεv. dance (Notes N:41)p?-wolsεnε (m?-) n. toy (Sarro 2009:xvi)(k?)wonv. be hot p?-wonn. heat (k?)w?nεv. be amorous (Diass 1974:37)(k?)w?pv. deform something by pressing on it (Diassi 1974:60)a-wop (tsh?-)n. foresta-wop-na-renn. the sacred forest of a-Tεk?ndo-wopεrεn. (Bkk) the forest grove of male initiation (Notes M:110)wor-wor/-wor (ma-)n. (Su) bell tied to body in dance (Sylla 1976:60)- small bells worn by female initiates, or tied by k?-k?ntsh boys to their stickw?rt?n. sickle. cf. bira, k?-tetia wos (a-)n. husband (Kalissa 1984:39)(k?)wosεv. respond, reply, agree to, accept (Kalissa 1984:15,25; Notes N:27, 85)a-wotn. the forest (in a-Taka) (Diassi 1974:34); cf dop in a-Bunuwotshoadj. ten (10) (Notes L:37)wotsho-k?-pinadj. eleven (11) (Notes L:37)wotsho-masadj. thirty (30) (Notes L:37)wotsho-mεr??adj. twenty (20) (Notes L:37)do-wu (su-)n. knee (Diassi 1974:94; Notes L:31)to-wu (mo-)n. the little knee of a child (Diassi 1974:33)do-wuk?lun. lengthto-wul (mo-)n. trap a-wump (-)n. Tyto capensis (cape grass-owl bird) (MB)(k?)wunv. last, be of long duration, be a long timepu-wunadv., n. long time, for a long time past wun-du-kum-ta-b?rin. (Bkl) one born after twinswuntemprokaton. torch carried on head in tonkure dance (Koita 1983:58)ka-wune n. perspiration. cf. ma-darane(k?)wup/wupεv. bury (Diassi 1974:60; Notes N:27)(k?)wurv. leave, depart (Kalissa 1984:25)(k?)wurεv. bring out (Kalissa 1984:30); release (Notes N:21), show, expose (Notes N:24); take off v. create (Notes N:34)k?-wurε-a-k?ntshn. (Bmn) the final dance in the a-fa? (Notes M:90) ); the entire final ceremony of k?-k?ntshk?-wure-a-k?ntsh-a-ren n. dance of female initiates returning to village, single file, at end of initiation (Camara 1975:32)k?-wure-a-k?ntsh-a-rkunn. = k?-nεntsh (Camara 1975:31). cf. k?-wurε-a-k?ntsh (JNC)k?-wurε-a-tsholn. ceremony of bringing the a-Tshol out of the house to the k?-l?-k?-p?n after the rainy season ends (Notes M:59) wuru yetshn. ceremony in the fields to signal the start of the harvest d’-wurun. outside; physical surroundingsa-wusn. a sp. of wood used in carving drums (Camara 1975:73a)do-wutn. childhood, youth (Diassi 1974:29)to-wut / a-wutn. children (pl. only) (sing.: wan) (B. Bangoura 1974:21; Diassi 1974:29; Notes L:35)a-wut a-kombran. bastards (pl.) (literally “children of a [single] mother”) (Notes N:21)a-wut a-rann. young girls (pl.) (Notes N:1, 21)a-wut bεp?nn. spitting cobra (Diassi 1974:31); cf. a-kisinto-wut p?t? (mo-)n. tadpole (JNC)Yyab? (t?-) n. (Bkl) onion (Koelle 1854/1963; Paulme 1957:273)(k?)yagbav. (< Su??) pay attention to, obsess about yaia/yayan. (< Su) expiation ceremony for one caught by a-tshol (Paulme 1972:268; Sinayoke 1937:225; Appia 1943:171:yayati) - see yainε(k?)yainεv. (< Su) redeem oneself in witchcraft accusation (S. Bangoura 1972:51; Camara 1975:28; Sylla 1984:8); n. ceremony of expiation for a crime y?kn. monkey (Diassi 1974:37). cf. w?kr, a-nk?rt, p?kr, a-rosu, t?kr, a-tshalkaka(k?)yakv. wash something (Kalissa 1984:19)r?-yak-?of/k?-yak-?of n. menstruation; lit:to wash the moon" (Notes M:46) yakan. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270), grown in the coastal swamps (Diallo 1974:34)yakan. (?) leaf (Diassi 1974:34)(k?)yak?rv. pull off the pulp of a seed (e.g. mango) and all that's left is the interior seed which is worthless" (i.e. all the mangos are rotten) the same word can also be used for palm kernals (Notes M:82) (k?)yak?sv. be washing (something) (Kalissa 1984:21)yakuyan. a variety of rice (Paulme 1957:270)yalan. a fishing line (Diassi 1974:34)yamn. waves (pl. only) (Notes N:31)yamakun. ginger yamban. (< Su) tobacco (Kalissa 1984:13; Sarro 1996:Songs:4)Yambann. (PUK & BLS) = D'mba; cf. JambanYamban?achn. (PUK) = D'mbadaTsholyambon. shirt (Notes L:36)yambol-yamboln. men (pl.) serving as guards in the initiation to a-Bol (Notes S:244)yandiimper. pardon (Notes N:11); please (Notes N:26)ka-yantan. mouth of the river (S. Bangoura 1972:10)ya?n. joy (Notes N:41)Ya?kres / Yamkrεsn. man's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45; Bangoura 1972:84; B. Bangoura 1974:49)(k?)yasv. row (Diassi 1974:37)-yas (yas)n. paddle (for canoe) (Camara 1975:48; Diassi 1974:32)(k?)yatshv. defend (Notes N:61); (k?)yεfεv. (Bkl & Bst) rise (Arcin; Koelle 1854/1963) stand up, get up (Kalissa 1984:12, 29; Notes L:47; Notes N:29); v. leave (k?)y?fr?n?v. argue, fight k?-y?fr?n?n. argument, fight (k?)yεkv. pile up the rice stalks when harvesting (Diassi 1974:36)yekban. = yeliba (Notes N:9)(k?)yεksεv. run (Kalissa 1984:31; Diassi 1974:16)(k?)yεky?kv. choose (Diassi 1974:64) (JNC)wi-yeli/yeliba (a-)n. (Su/Ma) musician (Camara 1974:113; Notes N:30)yem (a-)n. lie(s) (Notes N:37, 78)(k?)yemεv. lie (tell an untruth) (Kalissa 1984:8; Notes N:40)k?-yenn. a fine, penalty (S. Bangoura 1972:24)yenkadj. strong (Notes N:14), hard, difficult (Notes N:42)m?-yenk disn. perseverance (Curtis, "D'mba carvers," 2013 draft for Lamp, et. al., D'mba book, p. 17)Yenkan. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Notes L:45)Yenkesn. (Bkk) the female companion to the male serpent headdress (Notes M:109), the herald of Inap; resembled P?ntsham?n (Notes M:114)Yenyarin. monster spirit/octupus? (BLS?)a-yepan. a sp. of plant whose stem is used to make cough medicine(k?)yerv. share (Diassi 1974:37)yerin. food (Notes N:14)yeri yεtshn. "sleep rice", rice meal left overnight (Notes N:6)(k?)yes?mv. rest (Notes L:47)yεtn. poetry (?) (Diassi 1974:48)yεtshn. rice (cooked) (Kalissa 1984:27; Diassi 1974:49; Notes L:36) da-yεtsh ra da-y?lf?n. Jallof rice (Notes N:10) Ti-yεtn. (Bkb) a buffoon mask painted with lively colors (Notes M:125)u-yetsra (a-)n. girl, young unmarried woman (Notes L:35) (JNC) cf wi-tsh?mpwi-yεtshra (a-) n. de-y?tshran. youth (of girls) (k?)yiv. be; live, stay, reside; be present; be presently…, be in the process of (doing something) (Kalissa 1984:7; Notes N:12, 38) (a ke yi n? = "what's happening?" -- Notes N:101)te-yin. manner, fashion (k?)yialεv. (of the soul):leave the body at night to roam freely (S. Bangoura 1972:61), disappear miraculously (Diassi 1974:37), change into another form (Notes M:35)(k?)yialiv.t. of yial?: make someone dissappear, etc. (Notes M:35)(k?)yifv. ask, greet (Kalissa 1984:8; Diassi 1974:34; Notes N:13)yifiadj. great (Notes N:14)a-yik (-)n. yam, taro (Paulme 1957:274)a-yika (-)n. chaff (yika-malo = rice chaff) (Sylla 1976:38; Camara 1975:81); refuse (in pl.) (k?)yiktiv. lift upk?-yikti a-kokn. penile erectionki-yikti-do-bompn. ceremony at end of k?-Bεrε-Tshol when children went to wash; lit:"to lift the head" (Notes M:48)p?-yim/pe-yimn. red (Diassi 1974:97) yimkin. ropes (Notes N:97)Yiniyan. woman's name given in k?-Bεrε-Tshol initiation (Bangoura 1972:85; B. Bangoura 1974:49; Diallo 1974:56:Yenika) te-yi?k (me-)n. raffia fiber (k?)y?v. do; v. have (Diassi 1974:31; Notes N:11)u-y? dakan. rich person (lit. "someone who has things")y? fumn. nobody (Notes N:30)(k?)y?fv. grind a medicinea-y?f?n (-)n. vulture (MB)(k?)y?kv. pull off the ripe palm kernel cluster from the palm tree (Diassi 1974:36)(k?)y?kv. make a hole in a tree (Diassi 1974:60)a-y?k?n (-)n. Gyps rüppelli (Ruppel's griffon bird)(k?)yokεv. jump (Kalissa 1984:5)y?man. date palm fibre (Notes M:28)y?ma (s & pl.) n. skirt worn by initiates during initiation, plaited of date-palm raffia (Bangoura 1972:79) (Notes M:17). Cf. tsh?nkYonbofissan. female bust headdress with long hair (Camara 1975:90), with horns [?] (Notes L:14), male/female spirit in mermaid form (Appia 1943:155).(k?)y?nεv. give (Notes N:10) (k?)y?nεv. underestimate oneself (Diassi 1974:37)y?ntshn. April.; tree whose leaves are used for Wak?r?ba bears fruit at this time and the boys roast them (Notes M:82)Y??go-Yeli/Y?nkoyeli n. (< Su) matron of female initiates (Camara 1975:33; Diallo 1944:47) woman who performs the excision; man who performs the circumcision in the initiation of young men and boys (Notes S:113)y?p?adj. big, wide (Diassi 1974:32)(k?)yotuv. pull out by the roots (k?)y?yεv. do (Kalissa 1984:24)(k?)yukv. empty (Diassi 1974:60); v. spit ku-yuk tu-kurn. stump of a treeZ Zigiren-W?ndεn. (Bkk) mask with female bust as superstructure, used in the circumcision ceremony; lit. "the new bride" (Notes M:112). cf. Sa-Sira-Ren ................
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