Step 1) Download Android Studio



List features of Android Operating System.Sr.No.Feature & Description1Beautiful UIAndroid OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.2ConnectivityGSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX.3StorageSQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.4Media supportH.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP.5MessagingSMS and MMS6Web browserBased on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.7Multi-touchAndroid has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.8Multi-taskingUser can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.9Resizable widgetsWidgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space.10Multi-LanguageSupports single direction and bi-directional text.11GCMGoogle Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.12Wi-Fi DirectA technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.13Android BeamA popular NFC-based technology that lets users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.Define Android Virtual Devices (AVD).An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a configuration that defines the characteristics of an Android phone, tablet, Wear OS, Android TV, or Automotive OS device that you want to simulate in the?Android Emulator. The AVD Manager is interfaces you can launch from Android Studio that helps you create and manage AVDs.Write the directory path where images are stored while developing Android application.res/drawable?- Here we store the various density-independent graphic assets used in our application. It contains many sub-directories.drawable-hdpi:?It contains images of High dpi, i.e. the size of image is 72×72 px.drawable-ldpi: It contains images of low dpi, i.e. image size of 36×36 px.drawable-mdpi: It contains images of medium dpi, i.e. image size of 48×48 px.drawable-xhdpi: It contains images of extra high dpi, i.e. image size of 96×96 px.These drawable directories are used to store images only. And, the category is created, so that, a single application can support multiple screens. In a manner of saying, an application can run on mobile device of small screen or it can run on tables and television having large screen.List all attributes to develop a simple button .Sr.NoAttribute & Description1android:backgroundThis is a drawable to use as the background.2android:contentDescriptionThis defines text that briefly describes content of the view.3android:idThis supplies an identifier name for this view.4android:visibilityThis controls the initial visibility of the view.Describe the Android architecture in detail.android architecture?is categorized into five parts:linux kernelnative libraries (middleware),Android RuntimeApplication FrameworkApplications1) Linux kernelIt is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power management, memory management, device management and resource access.2) Native LibrariesOn the top of linux kernel, there are Native libraries such as WebKit, OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc. The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for database, FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording audio and video formats.3) Android RuntimeIn android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM but it is optimized for mobile devices. It consumes less memory and provides fast performance.4) Android FrameworkOn the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android framework. Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User Interface), telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and package managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android application development.5) ApplicationsOn the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications such as home, contact, settings, games, browsers are using android framework that uses android runtime and libraries. Android runtime and native libraries are using linux kernal.Differentiate between JVM and DVM.Explore the Steps to install and configure Android Studio and SDKStep 1) Download Android StudioYou can download Android Studio from?developer.?homepage and search for downloads. Choose appropriate platform either for windows, mac or linuxStep 2) Run .exe fileNow the next step is to launch .exe file you just download. Click next and select Android SDK checked if you don’t have it already. Make sure Android virtual device is also checked.Next step is to accept license and agreement. Click on?I AgreeNext step is to set location of installation. Please make sure your disk has minimum required space before clicking on Next. For Android Studio installation location must have at least 500MB free space. For Android SDK installation, selected location must have at least 3.25GB free space.Next step is to choose the start menu folder, where you want to create shortcut. If you don’t want to create a shortcut just mark?Do not create shortcut.And hit?Install?button.It will start installation. Once it’s done, Click?Finish. Make sure?Start Android Studio?is checked. Step 3) Configure Android StudioWhen you run it for the first time it will ask for Android Studio settings.If you don’t have any previous settings click on the second option (I don’t have a previous version of Studio or I don’t want to import my settings).Select a theme and click next.At the very first run it needs to download some necessary components, wait till it completes.And it’s all done.Click on?Finish?and start building your Android apps. List all versions of android operating system.Android 1.5: Android CupcakeAndroid 1.6: Android DonutAndroid 2.0: Android EclairAndroid 2.2: Android FroyoAndroid 2.3: Android GingerbreadAndroid 3.0: Android HoneycombAndroid 4.0: Android Ice Cream SandwichAndroid 4.1 to 4.3.1: Android Jelly BeanAndroid 4.4 to 4.4.4: Android KitKatAndroid 5.0 to 5.1.1: Android LollipopAndroid 6.0 to 6.0.1: Android MarshmallowAndroid 7.0 to 7.1: Android NougatAndroid 8.0 to Android 8.1: Android OreoAndroid 9.0: Android PieExplain ADT Plugin in detailAndroid Development Tools (ADT) is a plugin for the Eclipse IDE that is designed to give you a powerful, integrated environment in which to build Android applications.ADT extends the capabilities of Eclipse to let you quickly set up new Android projects, create an application UI, add packages based on the Android Framework API, debug your applications using the Android SDK tools, and even export signed (or unsigned)?.apk?files in order to distribute your application.Define Emulator.The?Android emulator?is an?Android Virtual Device (AVD),?which represents a specific Android device. We can use the Android emulator as a target device to execute and test our Android application on our PC. The Android emulator provides almost all the functionality of a real device. We can get the incoming phone calls and text messages. It also gives the location of the device and simulates different network speeds. Android emulator simulates rotation and other hardware sensors. It accesses the Google Play store, and much more.List Eight alignment attributes of relative layoutSr.No.Attribute & Description1android:layout_alignBottomMakes the bottom edge of this view match the bottom edge of the given anchor view ID and must be a reference to another resource, in the form "@[+][package:]type:name".2android:layout_alignLeftMakes the left edge of this view match the left edge of the given anchor view ID and must be a reference to another resource, in the form "@[+][package:]type:name".3android:layout_alignParentBottomIf true, makes the bottom edge of this view match the bottom edge of the parent. Must be a boolean value, either "true" or "false".4android:layout_alignParentEndIf true, makes the end edge of this view match the end edge of the parent. Must be a boolean value, either "true" or "false".5android:layout_alignParentLeftIf true, makes the left edge of this view match the left edge of the parent. Must be a boolean value, either "true" or "false".6android:layout_alignParentRightIf true, makes the right edge of this view match the right edge of the parent. Must be a boolean value, either "true" or "false".7android:layout_alignParentStartIf true, makes the start edge of this view match the start edge of the parent. Must be a boolean value, either "true" or "false".8android:layout_alignParentTopIf true, makes the top edge of this view match the top edge of the parent. Must be a boolean value, either "true" or "false".9android:layout_alignRightMakes the right edge of this view match the right edge of the given anchor view ID and must be a reference to another resource, in the form "@[+][package:]type:name".10android:layout_alignStartMakes the start edge of this view match the start edge of the given anchor view ID and must be a reference to another resource, in the form "@[+][package:]type:name".11android:layout_alignTopMakes the top edge of this view match the top edge of the given anchor view ID and must be a reference to another resource, in the form "@[+][package:]type:name".Draw the hierarchical directory structure of android application.Write features of android operating system.Head set layoutStorageConnectivity: GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, Bluetooth, WI-FI, EDGE,3G,NFC, LTE,GPS.Messaging: SMS, MMS, C2DM (could to device messaging), GCM (Google could messaging)Multilanguage supportMulti touchVideo callingScreen captureExternal storageStreaming media supportOptimized graphicsExplain any four UI Components of Android applicationTextView:A?TextView?displays text to the user and optionally allows them to edit it. A TextView is a complete text editor; however the basic class is configured to not allow editing.<TextView????????android:id="@+id/textView1"????????android:layout_width="match_parent"????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"????????android:layout_marginBottom="10dp"????????android:text="Welcome to Mobile App Development"????????android:textColor="#86AD33"????????android:textSize="20dp"????????android:textStyle="bold"?/>2. EditText: EditText is a predefined subclass of TextView that includes rich editing capabilities. It ?is used to allow the user to enter or modify the text. While using?EditText?control in our android applications, we need to specify the type of data the text field can accept using?inputType?attribute.??? <EditText????????android:id="@+id/txtSub"????????android:layout_width="match_parent"????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"????????android:hint="Subject"????????android:inputType="text"/>3. Image ButtonImage Button?is a user interface control which is used to display a button with image to perform an action when user click or tap on it.Generally, the Image button in android looks similar as regular Button and perform the actions same as regular button but only difference is for image button we will add an image instead of text.??? <ImageButton????????android:id="@+id/addBtn"????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"??? ????android:layout_height="wrap_content"????????android:src="@drawable/add_icon"?/>4. Toggle ButtonIn android,?Toggle Button?is a user interface control which is used to display ON (Checked) or OFF (Unchecked) states as a button with a light indicator.??? <ToggleButton????????android:id="@+id/toggle1"????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"????????android:layout_marginLeft="100dp"????????android:layout_marginTop="120dp"????????android:checked="true"????????android:textOff="OFF"????????android:textOn="ON"/>5. Radio Button & Radio Button GroupIn android,?Radio Button?is a two states button that can be either checked or unchecked and it cannot be unchecked once it is checked.<RadioGroup????android:layout_width="match_parent"????android:layout_height="wrap_content"????android:orientation="vertical">??? <RadioButton????????android:layout_width="wrap_content"????????android:layout_height="wrap_content"????????android:text="Java"????????android:checked="true"/></RadioGroup> ................
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