Plagiarism - University of Oklahoma
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting someone else's writing (published or unpublished) or ideas as your own. It is a form of academic misconduct that seriously undermines the intellectual pursuits undertaken in the university and, therefore, is severely punished. Plagiarism takes many forms.
1. Fraud
The most flagrant is to quote another's writing word for word without placing the quoted material in quotation marks nor citing the source from which it is taken. In English 1113-1213, this often occurs when students copy directly from Internet sources. To avoid this form of plagiarism, place the quoted material in quotation marks and use one of the standard forms of documentation (e.g. American Psychological Association, Modern Language Association, etc.).
2. Misappropriation of specific wording
To use another's writing word for word, cite the source, but fail to place quotation marks around the quoted material is also a form of plagiarism. By citing the source you indicate that the ideas are from another's work; however, the lack of quotation marks is a failure to acknowledge that the wording is that of another author. To avoid this form of plagiarism, add quotation marks.
3. Faulty Paraphrasing
Failure to properly paraphrase results in plagiarism. To paraphrase is to put a lengthy phrase, sentence, or group of sentences written by another into your own words, thereby making it significantly different from the original. To change a word here and there is not proper paraphrasing, and though you cite the source (as is always required with paraphrased material), you are using wording that is substantially that of another and representing it as your own. To avoid this form of plagiarism, either make it a direct quote, using quotation marks, and cite the source, or paraphrase properly by substantially changing the original to your own words; again, make sure you cite the source.
4. Misappropriation of facts and ideas
Using your own words to present arguments, lines of reasoning, or facts that you have learned from someone else without citing the source is also a form of plagiarism. To avoid this form of plagiarism, cite the source.
Four Examples of Plagiarism:
Original Text:
Lange, Larry. "Many Free-Speech and Cyber-Rights Activists Worry That Big Brother Is Surfing the Net." Electronic Engineering Times. 24 June1996. 7 May 2000 .
"Big Brother is very interested in the Internet," said Andre Bacard, author of the Computer Privacy Handbook. "It wants to move quickly to control the Internet the way it already rules military, banking, law enforcement and other 'nets.'"
Andre Bacard is not alone in his trepidation. Most major cyber-rights organizations echo his sentiments, and in light of recent attempts at Net "decency" legislation, along with on-line monitoring of communications over corporate networks and commercial on-line services, George Orwell's dark vision of a manipulated society, depicted in the classic novel 1984, may finally be catching up to reality 47 years after he wrote it.
Fraud (italicized portion indicates plagiarism):
One recent book, the Computer Privacy Handbook, brings up the many problems of communicating on electronic networks. "Big Brother is very interested in the Internet," said Andre Bacard, author of the Computer Privacy Handbook. "It wants to move quickly to control the Internet the way it already rules military, banking, law enforcement and other 'nets.'" Andre Bacard is not alone in his trepidation. Most major cyber-rights organizations echo his sentiments, and in light of recent attempts at Net "decency" legislation, along with on-line monitoring of communications over corporate networks and commercial on-line services, George Orwell's dark vision of a manipulated society, depicted in the classic novel 1984, may finally be catching up to reality 47 years after he wrote it. It is the purpose of this paper to outline ways computer users can help fight for their right to privacy while still maintaining the interactivity of electronic networks.
Misappropriation of specific wording (still an example of plagiarism despite the citation):
One of the main problems with the Internet is that it now reveals another case of Big Brother. Most major cyber-rights organizations echo this sentiment, and in light of recent attempts at Net "decency" legislation, along with on-line monitoring of communications over corporate networks and commercial on-line services, George Orwell's dark vision of a manipulated society, depicted in the classic novel 1984, may finally be catching up to reality 47 years after he wrote it (Lange 1).
Faulty Paraphrasing:
Andre Bacard is not the only one afraid of what is happening to the Internet. Many major cyber-rights organizations echo his feelings, and in light of current attempts at Net "decency" legislation, as well as on-line monitoring of communications over business networks and on-line services, George Orwell's vision of a manipulated society, as depicted in the novel 1984, may finally become true 47 years after he wrote it (Lange 1).
Misappropriation of facts and ideas (no citation given):
Many contemporary authors, like Andre Bacard, writer of the Computer Privacy Handbook, are worried about the intensive control of the Internet by the government and private corporations. According to Bacard, this control resembles the dark vision of George Orwell's 1984, written 47 years ago, where society is completely controlled by the intrusive Big Brother. Bacard's viewpoint is shared by cyber-rights organizations who are concerned about attempts to legislate the moral standards of the Internet as well as the monitoring of employees and customers by corporations and on-line commercial companies.
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