The anthropology of the state - Void Network

blackwell readers in anthropology

the anthropology of the state

a reader

edited by aradhana sharma and akhil gupta

The Anthropology of the State

Blackwell Readers in Anthropology

As anthropology moves beyond the limits of so-called area studies, there is an increasing need for texts that do the work of synthesizing the literature while challenging more traditional or subdisciplinary approaches to anthropology. This is the object of this exciting new series, Blackwell Readers in Anthropology.

Each volume in the series offers seminal readings on a chosen theme and provides the finest, most thought-provoking recent works in the given thematic area. Many of these volumes bring together for the first time a body of literature on a certain topic. The series thus both presents definitive collections and investigates the very ways in which anthropological inquiry has evolved and is evolving.

1 The Anthropology of Media: A Reader Edited by Kelly Askew and Richard R. Wilk

2 Genocide: An Anthropological Reader Edited by Alexander Laban Hinton

3 The Anthropology of Space and Place: Locating Culture Edited by Setha Low and Denise Lawrence-Zu? n~ iga

4 Violence in War and Peace: An Anthology Edited by Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Philippe Bourgois

5 Same-Sex Cultures and Sexualities: An Anthropological Reader Edited by Jennifer Robertson

6 Social Movements: An Anthropological Reader Edited by June Nash

7 The Cultural Politics of Food and Eating: A Reader Edited by James L. Watson and Melissa L. Caldwell

8 Anthropology of Globalization: A Reader Edited by Jonathan Xavier Inda and Renato Rosaldo

9 The Anthropology of the State: A Reader Edited by Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta

The Anthropology of the State

A Reader

Edited by Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta

Editorial material and organization ? 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia

The right of Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

First published 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2006

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The anthropology of the state: a reader/edited by Aradhana Sharma and Akhil Gupta. p. cm. ? (Blackwell readers in anthropology; 9)

Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-1467-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-1467-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-1468-4 (pbk.: alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-1468-1 (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Political anthropology. 2. State, The. 3. National state. 4. Sovereignty. 5. World politics. I. Sharma, Aradhana. II. Gupta, Akhil, 1959? III. Series.

GN492.A54 2006 306.2--dc22

2005013799

A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library.

Set in 10/12 Sabon by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in India by Replika Press, Pvt. Ltd. India

The publisher's policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards.

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Dedication by Aradhana Sharma For Vijay Dhawan

Dedication by Akhil Gupta For two generations whose courage and can-do spirit is

inspiring and infectious My father, Jwala P. Gupta and my daughter,

Deeya Shivani Gupta

Contents

Acknowledgments

ix

Organization of the Book

xi

Introduction: Rethinking Theories of the State in an Age of Globalization

1

Part I Theoretical Genealogies

43

Introduction

45

1 Bureaucracy

49

Max Weber

2 State and Civil Society

71

Antonio Gramsci

3 Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses

86

(Notes towards an Investigation)

Louis Althusser

4 Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State

112

Philip Abrams

5 Governmentality

131

Michel Foucault

6 Governing ``Advanced'' Liberal Democracies

144

Nikolas Rose

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