Mrs. Nagelhout - Home



StandardsStandard 1- What the text saysA good reader should be able to explain key ideas and find strong evidence in a text to support those ideas. A reader should also be able to make inferences based on information in the text.Textual Evidence:What “proves” your thought/ answer? Find the one line or paragraph that answers the question explicitly (clearly- written in the text itself) or that helped you infer (using your own knowledge/ experience and what is written in the text) the answerWhat is the assumption being made by some of the people who are quoted in the article?Which of the following is not a reason given for…Which of the following is not true based on the information from the article?What conclusion can/ cannot be drawn from…Which of the following is an inference a reader could make based on the sentence above?Which of the following sentences from the article supports the inference that…Highlight the paragraph/ line that shows…Standard 2- Central IdeaFinding Theme:1) Pay attention to the title. (What is its meaning? Is there a play on words? Is it ironic? Is it an allegory or allusion to an idea?)2) Think about what your protagonist faced (the conflict) and what he/ she learned from it.3) Watch for repetition of words/ ideas throughout the text.Central Idea:As we read informational text, we notice that the author develops a central idea by introducing information and building on ideas throughout the writing. The author presents supporting details in a certain order to develop the central idea in a way that is clear to the reader.Summarizing:Method #1- six questions- include who, what, when, where, why, and how something happenedMethod #2- Somebody-Wanted-But-SoMethod #3- gist summary- as you read, circle key words that show up in the passage. At the end, compose a summary that has 10-15 of these words.Typical Questions:Which of the following sentences supports one of the main ideas of the article?Which of the following is least important to include in a summary of the article?Which of the following best summarizes the central idea of the article?What is the reason for…What is one of the main ideas of the article?Which of the following sentences does not explain the reason for an increase in…What has been the effect of…Select the sentence/ paragraph from the article that is least important in supporting the central idea.Select the sentence/ paragraph from the article that best summarizes the main idea.What would be another good title for this article?What would be another good heading for the section… Standard 3- People, Events, and IdeasWriters present information about people, ideas, or events using specific techniques that help us understand the information. For example, articles in newspapers and magazines are often presented in sections with headings. By breaking writing into categories or by making comparisons, writers can show connections and differences within their topics.People, Events, Ideas:Look at who was involved and why. How did they cause the actions/ conflict? What is their motivation? How does one action lead to another? How do the actions/ interactions affect the plot?Connections:How are ideas connected in the paragraph? Are they organized in any special way?Typical Questions:Which event happened first?What event sparked…Select the paragraph that suggests…Select the answer that best explains why…What best describe how the story is structured?According to the article, all of the following are similarities between… except…Which sentence from the article best describes how the situation has changed?The article makes a comparison between…Standard 4- Word Meaning and ChoiceVocabulary/ Word Choice:Figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, onomatopoeia, alliteration)Connotations (feelings associated with words)Word Choice that adds to the TONE of the piece (why did the author use positive or negative words? What is his/ her attitude?)Typical Questions:Read the sentence from the article. What is a synonym/ antonym for… as used in the above sentence?Select the paragraph from the article that contains a word that means…Which of the following sentences contains a word that means…Select the sentence that contains a word that is an antonym for…Select the paragraph from the article that contains an idiomatic phrase that means…What is the best definition as of the word… as used in the sentence above?Which figure of speech is used in the above sentence?Standard 5- Text StructureWriters often break information into paragraphs so that a reader can focus clearly on key concepts. Most paragraphs contain a topic sentence, which lets us know what the paragraph will be mainly about. Supporting sentences follow to give us information the author wants to get across about the topic. The paragraph may have a concluding sentence to sum up information, or a transitional sentence to link us to further discussion in the next paragraph.Typical Questions:What BEST explains how the author conveys that…Select the paragraph that puts… in perspective.What was the purpose of the author to include the sentence in the article?Which sentence form the article best shows…Why did the author not just end the sentence after… why add more?Which of the following sentences from the article could have been in the first paragraph instead to help set up the main issue?Which of the following sentences from the article gets expanded upon the LEAST in the article?Which of the following is not in the correct cause-and-effect relationship?Why did the author end the article with the paragraph above?Standard 6- Point of View/ PurposeAn author’s point of view refers to the opinions and attitudes the author wants to get across. An author’s purpose refers to the reason for the author’s writing. Sometimes a writer will include conflicting evidence or viewpoints to let us see both sides of an issue.Point of View:1st/ subjective- a personal perspective3rd limited- told from a narrator but limited to one character/ person’s point of view3rd omniscient- told from a narrator and shows ALL the thoughts and feelings of the characters/ people involved3rd objective- narrator; NO FEELINGS/ OPINIONS are offered--- simply factualAuthor’s Purpose:Is the author trying to inform, persuade, or entertain you?Is the author biased in any way? Can he/ she be trusted?Typical Questions:What sentence would fit best in the PRO/ Con article?The authors (dis)agree on…The people who are against… respond to opposing viewpoints by…The pro/ con article's author shows his opinion by doing all of the following things EXCEPT:The main point that the pro/ con article's author makes is:Which sentence from the pro article gives a counter-argument to the idea from the con article that says…Standard 7- MultimediaIdeas and topics can be presented to us in different mediums, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. We can learn a concept from reading about it in print, watching a film, or viewing a PowerPoint or Smart Board presentation.Multimedia:How does the author use pictures or charts to make his/ her point?Is the information presented in different formats (TV, sound, pictures, etc.)? Why would the author do this?Typical Questions:Find… on the map. Where is it in relation to…Look at the chart/ graphic/ timeline… What was…Which event listed was in both the graphic and the article?Which detail is in the graphic but not the article? the text but not in the article?You can learn all of the following in both the article and the graphic except…The image does not include…Standard 8- Argument and ClaimsWhen writers state what they think regarding a topic, we call that their argument. Specific claims are the main ideas writers present to support their argument. It is up to us as readers to decide if the writer’s argument is clear and convincing. We should also be able to detect if irrelevant evidence has been used.Argument/ Claims:What is the author trying to convince you?Can you trust the author? Why or why not? (think bias here…)Is the counterargument present and addressed?What details did the author use to back up his/ her thoughts/ opinions? Are these reliable and credible? Did he/ she mention anything that was irrelevant or off-topic? ................
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