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Challenge AGRAMMAR NOTEBOOK SEMESTER 1 ANSWER KEYPRACTICE for Week 1 Answer Key Grammar Rule # 32Put the form, meaning, use in the following chart for terra, terra (land)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeterr-aLand, the (a) landSubjectSingularGenitiveterr-aeOf the (a) land; land’sPossessiveSingularDativeterr-aeTo or for the (a) landIndirect objectSingularAccusativeterr-amThe (a) landDirect objectSingularAblativeterr-āBy, with, from the (a) landObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeterr-aeLands, the landsSubjectPluralGenitiveterr-ārumOf the lands, lands’PossessivePluralDativeterr-īsTo or for the landsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeterr-āsLands, the landsDirect objectPluralAblativeterr- īsBy, with, from the landsObject of the PrepositionCopy the grammar rules for gender of the 1st Declension # 32 A All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)#33 All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.Review rule found in reading: All nouns whose genitive ends in -ae are in the first declension. PRACTICE for Week 2 Answer Key Grammar Rules No. 9 – 12 - Accent and Syllables - Read these grammar rules each day and practice saying the words out loud. Copy Rules #14 and # 25 on Nouns # 14 Nouns have gender, number, case and declension#25 The Five Declensions. There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular 12345-ae- ī -is-ū -eīvi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r- eī Review rules of 1st Declension Gender # 32 A. All nouns naming individual male person are masculine. Nauta, ae, a sailor, masculine. (Sailors are usually men.)# 33 B. All others are feminine. Terra, ae, land, feminine.PRACTICE for Week 2 Answer Key Grammar No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second DeclensionPut the form and meaning in the following chart for servus, servī (slave)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeserv-usThe slaveSubjectSingularGenitiveserv-īOf the slave, the slave'sPossessiveSingularDativeserv-ōTo or for the slaveIndirect objectSingularAccusativeserv-umThe slaveDirect objectSingularAblativeserv-ōBy, with, from the slavePluralNominativeserv-īThe slavesSubjectPluralGenitiveserv-ōrumOf the slaves, the slaves'PossessivePluralDativeserv-īsTo or for the slavesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeserv-ōsthe slavesDirect objectPluralAblativeserv-īsBy, with, from the slavesObject of the PrepositionCopy Grammar Rule # 35 for Gender : Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculineReview: Additional Rules found in the Reading: 1. The subject of a finite verb is in the nominative case. 2. A finite verb agrees with its subject in number (and person). 3. The direct object of a transitive verb is in the accusative case. 4. The verb usually stands last in the sentence. 5. Adverbs usually stand immediately before the word they modify. 6. The possessive case and many English -of phrases are translated by the genitive. 7. All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -ī belong to the second declension. PRACTICE for Week 3 Answer Key Review: No. 25 The Five Declensions: There are five declensions in Latin. They can be distinguished by the endings of the genitive singular. 12345-ae- ī -is-ū -eīvi-ae serv-ī lēg-is port-ūs r- eīCopy Grammar Rules No. 26. How to decline a noun: The nominative, genitive and gender of a noun determine which model it follows. Add the endings of that model to the stem. No. 27 Note: a The stem is that part of the word which remains the same in spelling throughout the declension. It gives the meaning of the word. The endings show what the word does in the sentence, whether ir is the subject, direct object, indirect object, etc. No. 29 c. The accusative of the neuter nouns and adjectives is always like the nominative.PRACTICE for Week 3 Answer Key Review: No. 34: Masculine Nouns of the Second DeclensionAdd the endings to serv and the complete the translation. FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeserv-usThe slaveSubjectSingularGenitiveserv-īOf the slave, the slave'sPossessiveSingularDativeserv-ōTo or for the slaveIndirect objectSingularAccusativeserv-umThe slaveDirect objectSingularAblativeserv-ōBy, with, from the slavePluralNominativeserv-īThe slavesSubjectPluralGenitiveserv-ōrumOf the slaves, the slaves'PossessivePluralDativeserv-īsTo or for the slavesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeserv-ōsthe slavesDirect objectPluralAblativeserv-īsBy, with, from the slavesObject of the PrepositionNo. 35 Gender – Masucline nouns of 2nd Declension: Generally masculine. Copy: No. 36 Note Proper names in -ius and fīlius, son, form their vocative singular in – ī. Vergilius, Vergilī; fīlius, fīlī. PRACTICE for Week 3 Answer Key No. 37 Neuter Nouns of the 2nd Declension Add the form and meaning for bellum, bellī (war)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativebell-umThe warSubjectSingularGenitivebell-ī Of the warPossessiveSingularDativebell-ōTo or for the warIndirect objectSingularAccusativebell-umThe warDirect objectSingularAblativebell-ōBy, with, from the warObj of the PrepPluralNominativebell-ā The warsSubjectPluralGenitivebell-ōrumOf the warsPossessivePluralDativebell-īsTo or for the warsIndirect objectPluralAccusativebell-athe warsDirect objectPluralAblativebell-īsBy, with, from the warsObj of the PrepNo. 38 Gender – Neuter Nouns of 2nd Declension: All neuter.Read and Review following note: No. 39 Note: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )Fill in the blanks: The accusative is like the nominative in all neuter nouns and adjectives. Thus, singular nominative bellum, accusative bellum; plural nominative bella, accusative bella. (Cf. Flumen, No 64, gravis, -e, No. 78, etc, )Review: Additional Rules found in the Reading: 1. All words of the second declension whose nominative ends in -um are neuter and are declined like BELLUM.2. HINT: In all neuter nouns and adjectives the accusative is always like the nominative.3. The indirect object is put in the DATIVE case.4. In Latin some prepositions are followed by the ablative case, some by the accusative case.PRACTICE for Week 4 Answer KeyConjugate Sum: FormMeaningSingular1st personsumI amSingular2nd Personesyou areSingular 3rd Person esthe, she, it isPlural 1st Personsumuswe arePlural2nd Person estisyou arePlural 3rd Person suntthey areReview additional rules from reading: 1. After a linking verb, the predicate noun is put in the same case as the subject.2. Forms of the verb SUM may stand anywhere in the sentence.PRACTICE for Week 5 Answer Key Copy: No. 45 The Third Declension. The nominative singular of the third declension has no model ending. Thus lēx, law, pars, part, flūmen, river, hostis, enemy, are all nouns of the third declension. The genitive ending (for the third declension, always -is) shows the declension and gives the stem.No 46: Nouns naming individual male persons are masculine: mīles, mīlitis, m., soldierNo. 47: Nouns naming individual female persons are feminine: māter, mātris, f., mother.Read and Review following note: No 48: Note: These two rules (Nos. 46, 47) should always be applied before Nos. 49 toThus mīles would be feminine by the SOX rule (No. 50), but rule No. 46 is applied first, hence mīles is masculine.No. 49: Nouns ending in -er, -or (ERROR) are masculine.No. 50: Nouns ending in -s, -o, -x (SOX) are feminine.No. 51: Nouns ending in -l, -a, -n, -c, -e, -t (LANCET) are neuter. PRACTICE for Week 5 Answer Key Read and Review following rule: No. 52 Note: But masculīnī generisare words in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis,in -es (itis) and -ex (icis);as neuter mark the -us (with -ris).*Rule No. 52 is a “poem” (written in hybrid of English and Latin) describing the exceptions to 3rd declension’s SOX rule (Rule #50): Normally nouns that end in -s, -o, or -x are feminine. Exceptions to this rule are described below: Masculine: ~nouns ending in -os, -nis, -guis, and -cis in the nominative singular ~nouns whose nom/gen sing endings are -es (-itis) and -ex (-icis)Neuter: ~ nouns whose nom./gen. sing endings are -us, (-ris)No. 53: Declension. First find the gender of the noun. Then find the stem from the genitive.Read and Review the following grammar rules: No. 54: For masculine and feminine nouns, add the endings of lēx or pars according to the rules in Nos. 59-63.No. 55: For neuter nouns add the endings of flūmen. (For the few exceptions, see footnote on No 64)No. 56: The vocative is always like the nominative.PRACTICE for Week 5 Answer Key Masculine and Feminine Nouns of the 3rd DeclensionNo. 57: MasculinePut the form and meaning in the following chart for lēx, lēgis (law) FormMeaningUseSingularNominativelēxThe lawSubjectSingularGenitivelēg-isOf the lawPossessiveSingularDativelēg-īTo or for the lawIndirect objectSingularAccusativelēg-emThe lawDirect objectSingularAblativelēg-eBy, with, from the lawObj. of the PrepPluralNominativelēg-ēsThe lawsSubjectPluralGenitivelēg-umOf the lawsPossessivePluralDativelēg-ibusTo or for the lawsIndirect objectPluralAccusativelēg-ēsthe lawsDirect objectPluralAblativelēg-ibusBy, with, from the lawsObj. of the PrepNo. 58: FemininePut the form and meaning in the following chart for pars, partis (part)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeparsThe partSubjectSingularGenitivepart-isOf the partPossessiveSingularDativepart-īTo or for the partIndirect objectSingularAccusativepart-emThe partDirect objectSingularAblativepart-eBy, with, from the partObj. of the PrepPluralNominativepart-ēsThe partsSubjectPluralGenitivepart-iumOf the partsPossessivePluralDativepart-ibusTo or for the partsIndirect objectPluralAccusativepart-ēsthe partsDirect objectPluralAblativepart-ibusBy, with, from the partsObj. of the PrepPRACTICE for Week 5 Answer Key Copy following grammar rules: 3rd Declension NounsNo. 59: Note: All masculine and feminine nouns of the 3rd declension are declined like lēx except the following nouns which have -ium in the genitive plural like part-ium:No. 60: 1. Nouns that have the same number of syllables in the genitive singular as in the nominative singular: as hostis, hostis (host-ium), enemy.No. 61: 2. Nouns whose stem ends in two consonants, as: gens, gentis, tribe, stem, gent-, hence gentium.Read and Review the following exceptions: Exceptions:No. 62: a. With -um instead of -ium: senum, patrum, mēnsum, mātrum, canum, juvenum, and frātrum (of old men, fathers, months and mothers of dogs and youths and brothers).No. 63: b. With -ium instead of -um: vīrium, lītium, faucium, Penātium, imbrium, and nivium, Samnītium, optimātium. (of strength and quarrels, of jaws and household gods, of rains and snows, of Samnites and aristocrats.)Review: Additional Rules from the Reading: 1. All nouns whose genitive singular ends in -IS belong to the third declension.2. An appositive agrees with its noun in number and case.PRACTICE for Week 6 Answer Key GRAMMAR No. 64: Neuter Nouns of the 3rd DeclensionAdd the form and meaning for flūmen, flūminis (river)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeflūmenThe riverSubjectSingularGenitiveflūmin-isOf the riverPossessiveSingularDativeflūmin-īTo or for the riverIndirect objectSingularAccusativeflūmenThe riverDirect objectSingularAblativeflūmin-eBy, with, from the riverObj of PrepPluralNominativeflūmin-aThe riversSubjectPluralGenitiveflūmin-umOf the riversPossessivePluralDativeflūmin-ibusTo or for the riversIndirect objectPluralAccusativeflūmin-athe riversDirect objectPluralAblativeflūmin-ibusBy, with, from the riversObj of PrepPRACTICE for Week 7 Answer Key No. 65. The Fourth DeclensionAdd the form and meaning for portus, portūs (harbor)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeport-usThe harborSubjectSingularGenitiveport-ūsOf the harborPossessiveSingularDativeport-uīTo or for the harborIndirect objectSingularAccusativeport-umThe harborDirect objectSingularAblativeport-ūBy, with, from the harborObj of PrepPluralNominativeport-ūsThe harborsSubjectPluralGenitiveport-uumOf the harborsPossessivePluralDativeport-ibusTo or for the harborsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeport-ūsthe harborsDirect objectPluralAblativeport-ibusBy, with, from the harborsObj of PrepCopy Grammar Rule: No. 66: Gender: All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.PRACTICE for Week 8 Answer Key Read and Review gender rule for 4th Declension nouns: No. 66: Gender (4th Declension): All masculine except manus, -ūs, f. hand, domus, ūs, f. house, cornū, ūs, n. horn, genū, ūs, n., knee, and a few others.No. 69: The Fifth DeclensionAdd form and meaning for rēs, reī (thing) FormMeaningUseSingular NominativerēsThe thingSubjectSingular Genitiver-eī Of the thingPossessiveSingular Dativer-eī To or for thingIndirect objectSingular Accusativer-emThe thingDirect objectSingular Ablativer-ē By, with, from the thingObj of PrepPlural Nominativer-ēs The thingsSubjectPlural Genitiver-ērumOf the thingsPossessivePlural Dativer-ēbus To or for the thingsIndirect objectPlural Accusativer-ēsthe thingsDirect objectPlural Ablativer-ēbus By, with, from the thingsObj of PrepNo. 70: Gender: All feminine except diēs, diēī which is generally masculine. In the singular, however, when it means a set date or a “period of time” even diēs is often feminine. Certain nouns, such as fidēs, f., faith, have no plural forms.Read and Review this note: No. 71: Note: The genitive and dative singular ending of the fifth declension is ēī instead of eī when the stem ends in a vowel, as diēs, stem di, therefore di-ēī. PRACTICE for Week 8 Answer Key Copy steps on how to decline an adjective below: No. 73: How to decline an Adjective: 1. Learn the nominative and genitive from the vocabularies2. These show what model the adjective follows3. Add the endings of this model to the stem. Review: Additional Rules from the Reading: IN with the Accusative: The preposition in may take either the accusative or the ablative case. 1. Whenever there is MOVEMENT or MOTION expressed by the in, the ACCUSATIVE is used.2. When there is no idea of movement or motion, the ABLATIVE is used.PRACTICE for Week 9 Answer Key Practice declining adjectives in the first and second declension using magnus (masc), magna (fem), magnum (neut)Masculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativemagn-usmagn-amagn-umSingularGenitivemagn-īmagn-aemagn-īSingularDativemagn-ōmagn-aemagn-ōSingularAccusativemagn-ummagn-ammagn-umSingularAblativemagn-ōmagn-āmagn-ōPluralNominativemagn-īmagn-aemagn-aPluralGenitivemagn-ōrummagn-ārummagn-ōrumPluralDativemagn-īsmagn-īsmagn-īsPluralAccusativemagn-ōsmagn-āsmagn-āPluralAblativemagn-īsmagn-īsmagn-īsPRACTICE for Week 10 and 11 Answer Key Week 10 Review above rules: 1. Adjectives agree with their nouns in gender, number and case.2. Adjectives of QUANTITY generally precede their nouns.3. Adjectives of QUALITY generally follow their nouns.Week 11 Review the above rules: 1. Adjectives may also be linked to their noun by means of a linking verb like sum, I am. These adjectives are called predicate adjectives. 2. The rule of agreement is the SAME for attributive and predicate adjectives.3. The preposition prō ALWAYS takes the ABLATIVE. In expressions of PLACE, prō means in front of. PRACTICE for Week 12 Answer Key Grammar No. 78:Decline gravis, e, - heavy, severe, serious MasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativegrav-isgrav-isgrav-eSingularGenitivegrav-isgrav-isgrav-isSingularDativegrav-īgrav-īgrav-īSingularAccusativegrav-emgrav-emgrav-eSingularAblativegrav-īgrav-īgrav-īPluralNominativegrav-ēsgrav-ēsgrav-iaPluralGenitivegrav-iumgrav-iumgrav-iumPluralDativegrav-ibusgrav-ibusgrav-ibusPluralAccusativegrav-ēsgrav-ēsgrav-iaPluralAblativegrav-ibusgrav-ibusgrav-ibusReview: Additional Rules from the Reading. 1. All adjectives with -IS, -E in the nominative singular are declined like gravis, e.2 Prepositional phrases which modify adjectives are often translated into Latin by the genitive or dative or ablative WITHOUT A PREPOSITION. THE PROPER CASE TO BE USED IS DETERMINED BY THE ADJECTIVE. PRACTICE for Week 13 Answer Key No 162: Present Tense (present stem)Give form and meaning for laudō, 1. tr., praise FormMeaningSingular1st Plaud-ōI praise, I am praising, I do praiseSingular2nd Plaud-āsyou praise, you are praising, you do praiseSingular3rd Plaud-athe, she, it praises; he, she, it are praising; he, she it does praisePlural1st Plaud-āmuswe praise, we are praising, we do praisePlural2nd Plaud-ātisyou praise, you are praising, you do praisePlural3rd Plaud-antthey praise, they are praising, they do praiseReview: Additional Rules from the Reading: 1. In both English and Latin, verbs change their form to express tense, person, and number. 2. All verbs whose present infinitive active ends in - ?RE belong to the first conjugation.3. First conjugation final personal signs.Fill in the final personal signs below:SingularPlural1 (I) …. (we) - mus2(you) -s(you) - tis3(he, she, it) -_t(they) - nt(Generally, ō or m is a sign of the first person singular, I.)4. : A finite verb agrees with its subject in PERSON and NUMBER.ADDITIONAL PRACTICE PAGESANSWER KEYAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 1 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on page 7 using the following charts: porta, portae – gateFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeport-agate, the (a) gateSubjectSingularGenitiveport -aeOf the (a) gate; gate’sPossessiveSingularDativeport -aeTo or for the (a) gateIndirect objectSingularAccusativeport -amThe (a) gateDirect objectSingularAblativeport -āBy, with, from the (a) gateObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeport -aegates, the gatesSubjectPluralGenitiveport -ārumOf the gates; gates’PossessivePluralDativeport -īsTo or for the gatesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeport -āsgates, the gatesDirect objectPluralAblativeport - īsBy, with, from the gatesObject of the PrepositionMarīa, Marīae – MaryFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeMarī-aMarySubjectSingularGenitiveMarī -aeOf Mary; Mary’sPossessiveSingularDativeMarī -aeTo or for MaryIndirect objectSingularAccusativeMarī -amMaryDirect objectSingularAblativeMarī -āBy, with, from MaryObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeMarī -aeMarysSubjectPluralGenitiveMarī -ārumOf Marysl Marys’PossessivePluralDativeMarī -īsTo or for MarysIndirect objectPluralAccusativeMarī -āsMarysDirect objectPluralAblativeMarī - īsBy, with, from MarysObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 1 ANSWER KEYnauta, nautae – sailorFormMeaningUseSingularNominativenaut-asailor, the (a) sailorSubjectSingularGenitivenaut -aeOf the (a) sailor, sailor’s PossessiveSingularDativenaut -aeTo or for the (a) sailorIndirect objectSingularAccusativenaut -amThe (a) sailorDirect objectSingularAblativenaut -āBy, with, from the (a) sailorObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativenaut -aesailors, the sailorsSubjectPluralGenitivenaut -ārumOf the sailors, sailors’PossessivePluralDativenaut -īsTo or for the sailorsIndirect objectPluralAccusativenaut -āssailors, the sailorsDirect objectPluralAblativenaut - īsBy, with, from the sailorsObject of the Prepositionvictōria, victōriae – victoryFormMeaningUseSingularNominativevictōri-avictory, the (a) victorySubjectSingularGenitivevictōri -aeOf the (a) victory; victory’sPossessiveSingularDativevictōri -aeTo or for the (a) victoryIndirect objectSingularAccusativevictōri -amThe (a) victoryDirect objectSingularAblativevictōri -āBy, with, from the (a) victoryObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativevictōri -aevictories, the victoriesSubjectPluralGenitivevictōri -ārumOf the victories; victories’PossessivePluralDativevictōri -īsTo or for the victoriesIndirect objectPluralAccusativevictōri -āsvictories, the victoriesDirect objectPluralAblativevictōri - īsBy, with, from the victoriesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 1 ANSWER KEYglōria, glōriae – fame, gloryFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeglōri-afame, the (a) fameglory, the (a) glorySubjectSingularGenitiveglōri -aeOf the (a) fame; fame’sOf the (a) glory; glory’sPossessiveSingularDativeglōri -aeTo or for the (a) fameTo or for the (a) gloryIndirect objectSingularAccusativeglōri -amfame, the (a) fameglory, The (a) gloryDirect objectSingularAblativeglōri -āBy, with, from the (a) fameBy, with, from the (a) gloryObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeglōri -aefame(s), the fame(s)glories, the gloriesSubjectPluralGenitiveglōri -ārumOf the fame(s); fames’Of the glories; glories’PossessivePluralDativeglōri -īsTo or for the fame(s0To or for the gloriesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeglōri -āsfame (s), the fame(s)glories, the gloriesDirect objectPluralAblativeglōri - īsBy, with, from the fame(s)By, with, from the gloriesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 2 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts: prōvincia, ae - province (1st declension)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeprōvinci-aprovince, the (a) provinceSubjectSingularGenitiveprōvinci -aeOf the (a) province, province’s PossessiveSingularDativeprōvinci -aeTo or for the (a) provinceIndirect objectSingularAccusativeprōvinci -amThe (a) provinceDirect objectSingularAblativeprōvinci -āBy, with, from the (a) provinceObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeprōvinci -aeprovinces, the provincesSubjectPluralGenitiveprōvinci -ārumOf the provinces, provinces’PossessivePluralDativeprōvinci -īsTo or for the provincesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeprōvinci -āsprovinces, the provincesDirect objectPluralAblativeprōvinci -īsBy, with, from the provincesObject of the PrepositionNouns of 2nd Declension (masculine)fīlius, fīliī - sonFormMeaningUseSingularNominativefīli-usson, the (a) sonSubjectSingularGenitivefīli -īOf the son, the son'sPossessiveSingularDativefīli -ōTo or for the sonIndirect objectSingularAccusativefīli -umson, the (a) sonDirect objectSingularAblativefīli -ōBy, with, from the sonObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativefīli -īsons, the sonsSubjectPluralGenitivefīli -ōrumOf the sons, the sons'PossessivePluralDativefīli -īsTo or for the sonsIndirect objectPluralAccusativefīli -ōssons, the sonsDirect objectPluralAblativefīli -īsBy, with, from the sonsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 2 ANSWER KEYDeus, Deī – GodFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeDe-usGod, the GodSubjectSingularGenitiveDe -īOf God; God’sPossessiveSingularDativeDe-ōTo or for GodIndirect objectSingularAccusativeDe-umGod, the GodDirect objectSingularAblativeDe-ōBy, with, from GodObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativede -īgods, the godsSubjectPluralGenitivede -ōrumOf the gods, the gods'PossessivePluralDativede-īsTo or for the godsIndirect objectPluralAccusativede-ōsgods, the godsDirect objectPluralAblativede-īsBy, with, from the godsObject of the PrepositionNote: Christian God would not have any plural forms amīcus, amīcī - friendFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeamīc-usfriend, the (a) friendSubjectSingularGenitiveamīc -īOf the friend, the friend'sPossessiveSingularDativeamīc -ōTo or for the friendIndirect objectSingularAccusativeamīc -umfriend, the (a) friendDirect objectSingularAblativeamīc -ōBy, with, from the friendObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeamīc -īfriends, the friendsSubjectPluralGenitiveamīc -ōrumOf the friends, the friends'PossessivePluralDativeamīc -īsTo or for the friendsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeamīc -ōsfriends, the friendsDirect objectPluralAblativeamīc -īsBy, with, from the friendsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 2 ANSWER KEYChrīstus, Chrīstī - ChristFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeChrīst-usChristSubjectSingularGenitiveChrīst -īOf Christ, Christ’sPossessiveSingularDativeChrīst -ōTo or for ChristIndirect objectSingularAccusativeChrīst -umChristDirect objectSingularAblativeChrīst -ōBy, with, from ChristObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeNo plural formSubjectPluralGenitivePossessivePluralDativeIndirect objectPluralAccusativeDirect objectPluralAblativeObject of the PrepositionChrīstiānus, Chrīstiānī - ChristianFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeChrīstiān-usChristian, the (a) ChristianSubjectSingularGenitiveChrīstiān -īOf the Christian, the Christian'sPossessiveSingularDativeChrīstiān -ōTo or for the ChristianIndirect objectSingularAccusativeChrīstiān -umChristian, the (a) ChristianDirect objectSingularAblativeChrīstiān -ōBy, with, from the ChristianObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeChrīstiān -īChristians, the ChristiansSubjectPluralGenitiveChrīstiān -ōrumOf the Christians, the Christians'PossessivePluralDativeChrīstiān -īsTo or for the ChristiansIndirect objectPluralAccusativeChrīstiān -ōsChristians, the ChristiansDirect objectPluralAblativeChrīstiān -īsBy, with, from the ChristiansObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts: caelum, caelī - sky, heavenFormMeaningUseSingularNominativecael-umheaven, the heavenSubjectSingularGenitivecael -ī Of heaven; heaven’sPossessiveSingularDativecael -ōTo or for (the) heavenIndirect objectSingularAccusativecael -umheaven, the heavenDirect objectSingularAblativecael -ōBy, with, from (the) heavenObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativecael -ā heavens, the heavensSubjectPluralGenitivecael -ōrumOf the heavens; heavens’PossessivePluralDativecael -īsTo or for (the) heavensIndirect objectPluralAccusativecael -aheavens, the heavensDirect objectPluralAblativecael -īsBy, with, from (the) heavensObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYrēgnum, rēgnī - kingdom, royal powerFormMeaningUseSingularNominativerēgn-umkingdom, the kingdomroyal power, the royal powerSubjectSingularGenitiverēgn -ī Of the kingdom; kingdom’sroyal power, royal power’sPossessiveSingularDativerēgn -ōTo or for the lawdomto or for the royal powerIndirect objectSingularAccusativerēgn -umkingdom, the kingdomroyal power, the royal powerDirect objectSingularAblativerēgn -ōBy, with, from the kingdomBy, with from the royal powerObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativerēgn -ā kingdoms, the kingdomsroyal powers, the royal powersSubjectPluralGenitiverēgn -ōrumOf the heavens; heavens’PossessivePluralDativerēgn -īsTo or for the kingdomsto or for the royal powersIndirect objectPluralAccusativerēgn -akingdom, the kingdomsroyal power, the royal powersDirect objectPluralAblativerēgn -īsBy, with, from the kingdomsBy, with from the royal powersObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYpraemium, praemiī - rewardFormMeaningUseSingularNominativepraemi-umreward, the rewardSubjectSingularGenitivepraemi -ī Of the reward; reward’sPossessiveSingularDativepraemi -ōTo or for the rewardIndirect objectSingularAccusativepraemi -umreward, the rewardDirect objectSingularAblativepraemi -ōBy, with, from the rewardObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativepraemi -ā rewards, the rewardsSubjectPluralGenitivepraemi -ōrumOf the rewards; rewards’PossessivePluralDativepraemi -īsTo or for the rewardsIndirect objectPluralAccusativepraemi -arewards, the rewardsDirect objectPluralAblativepraemi -īsBy, with, from the rewardsObject of the Prepositionperīculum, perīculī – dangerFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeperīcul-umdanger, the dangerSubjectSingularGenitiveperīcul -ī Of the danger; danger’sPossessiveSingularDativeperīcul -ōTo or for the dangerIndirect objectSingularAccusativeperīcul -umdanger, the dangerDirect objectSingularAblativeperīcul -ōBy, with, from the dangerObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeperīcul -ā dangers, the dangersSubjectPluralGenitiveperīcul -ōrumOf the dangers; dangers’PossessivePluralDativeperīcul -īsTo or for the dangersIndirect objectPluralAccusativeperīcul -adanger, the dangersDirect objectPluralAblativeperīcul -īsBy, with, from the dangersObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYimperium, imperiī - command, power, empireFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeimperi-umcommand, the commandSubjectSingularGenitiveimperi -ī Of the command; command’sPossessiveSingularDativeimperi -ōTo or for the commandIndirect objectSingularAccusativeimperi -umcommand, the commandDirect objectSingularAblativeimperi -ōBy, with, from the commandObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeimperi -ā commands, the commandsSubjectPluralGenitiveimperi -ōrumOf the commands; commands’PossessivePluralDativeimperi -īsTo or for the commandsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeimperi-acommands, the commandsDirect objectPluralAblativeimperi -īsBy, with, from the commandsObject of the PrepositionNote: the meaning above could also be power and empireAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYoppidum, ī - townFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeoppid-umtown, the townSubjectSingularGenitiveoppid -ī Of the town; town’sPossessiveSingularDativeoppid -ōTo or for the townIndirect objectSingularAccusativeoppid -umtown, the townDirect objectSingularAblativeoppid -ōBy, with, from the townObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeoppid -ā towns, the townsSubjectPluralGenitiveoppid-ōrumOf the towns; towns’PossessivePluralDativeoppid -īsTo or for the townsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeoppid -atowns, the townsDirect objectPluralAblativeoppid -īsBy, with, from the townsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYReview: 2nd Declension masculine gladius, ī - swordFormMeaningUseSingularNominativegladi-ussword, the swordSubjectSingularGenitivegladi -īOf the sword, the sword'sPossessiveSingularDativegladi -ōTo or for the swordIndirect objectSingularAccusativegladi -umsword, the swordDirect objectSingularAblativegladi -ōBy, with, from the swordObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativegladi -īswords, the swordsSubjectPluralGenitivegladi -ōrumOf the swords, the swords'PossessivePluralDativegladi -īsTo or for the swordsIndirect objectPluralAccusativegladi -ōsswords, the swordsDirect objectPluralAblativegladi -īsBy, with, from the swordsObject of the PrepositionRōmānus, ī – a RomanFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeRoman-usRoman, the (a) RomanSubjectSingularGenitiveRoman -īOf the Roman, the Roman'sPossessiveSingularDativeRoman -ōTo or for the RomanIndirect objectSingularAccusativeRoman -umRoman, the (a) RomanDirect objectSingularAblativeRoman -ōBy, with, from the RomanObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeRoman -īRomans, the RomansSubjectPluralGenitiveRoman -ōrumOf the Romans, the Romans'PossessivePluralDativeRoman -īsTo or for the RomansIndirect objectPluralAccusativeRoman -ōsRomans, the RomansDirect objectPluralAblativeRoman -īsBy, with, from the RomansObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYGallus, ī - a GaulFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeGall-usGaul, the (a) GaulSubjectSingularGenitiveGall -īOf the Gaul, the Gaul'sPossessiveSingularDativeGall -ōTo or for the GaulIndirect objectSingularAccusativeGall-umGaul, the (a) GaulDirect objectSingularAblativeGall -ōBy, with, from the GaulObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeGall -īGauls, the GaulsSubjectPluralGenitiveGall -ōrumOf the Gauls, the Gauls'PossessivePluralDativeGall -īsTo or for the GaulsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeGall -ōsGauls, the GaulsDirect objectPluralAblativeGall -īsBy, with, from the GaulsObject of the PrepositionReview – 1st Declension Nouns Gallia, ae – GaulFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeGalli-aGaulSubjectSingularGenitiveGalli -aeOf Gaul, Gaul’sPossessiveSingularDativeGalli -aeTo or for GaulIndirect objectSingularAccusativeGalli -amGaulDirect objectSingularAblativeGalli -āBy, with, from GaulObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeGalli -aeGaulsSubjectPluralGenitiveGalli -ārumOf the Gauls; Gauls’PossessivePluralDativeGalli -īsTo or for the GaulsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeGalli -āsGaulsDirect objectPluralAblativeGalli-īsBy, with, from GaulsObject of the PrepositionNote: Since Gaul is generally just used to name one place, the plural would be used infrequently. Additional Practice for Semester 1 Week 3 ANSWER KEYRōma, ae - RomeFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeRōm-aRomeSubjectSingularGenitiveRōm -aeOf Rome, Rome’sPossessiveSingularDativeRōm -aeTo or for RomeIndirect objectSingularAccusativeRōm -amRomeDirect objectSingularAblativeRōm -āBy, with, from RomeObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeRōm -aeRomesSubjectPluralGenitiveRōm -ārumOf the Romes; Romes’PossessivePluralDativeRōm -īsTo or for the RomesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeRōm -āsRomesDirect objectPluralAblativeRōm -īsBy, with, from RomesObject of the PrepositionNote: Since Rome is generally just used to name one place, the plural would be used infrequently. Additional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary using the following charts: rēx, rēgis – kingFormMeaningUseSingularNominativerēxThe kingSubjectSingularGenitiverēg-isOf the king, king’sPossessiveSingularDativerēg-īTo or for the kingIndirect objectSingularAccusativerēg-emThe kingDirect objectSingularAblativerēg-eBy, with, from the kingObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativerēg-ēsThe kingsSubjectPluralGenitiverēg-umOf the kings, kings’PossessivePluralDativerēg-ibusTo or for the kingsIndirect objectPluralAccusativerēg-ēsthe kingsDirect objectPluralAblativerēg-ibusBy, with, from the kingsObject of the Prepositiondux, ducis - leaderFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeduxThe leaderSubjectSingularGenitiveduc-isOf the leader, leader’sPossessiveSingularDativeduc-īTo or for the leaderIndirect objectSingularAccusativeduc -emThe leaderDirect objectSingularAblativeduc -eBy, with, from the leaderObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeduc -ēsThe leadersSubjectPluralGenitiveduc -umOf the leaders, leaders’PossessivePluralDativeduc -ibusTo or for the leadersIndirect objectPluralAccusativeduc -ēsthe leadersDirect objectPluralAblativeduc -ibusBy, with, from the leadersObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYlūx, lūcis - lightFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeluxthe lightSubjectSingularGenitiveluc-isOf the light, light’sPossessiveSingularDativeluc-īTo or for the lightIndirect objectSingularAccusativeluc -emthe lightDirect objectSingularAblativeluc -eBy, with, from the lightObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeluc -ēsThe lightsSubjectPluralGenitiveluc -umOf the lights, lights’PossessivePluralDativeluc -ibusTo or for the lightsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeluc -ēsthe lightsDirect objectPluralAblativeluc -ibusBy, with, from the lightsObject of the Prepositionhomō, hominis - manFormMeaningUseSingularNominativehomōman, the manSubjectSingularGenitivehomin-isOf the man, man’sPossessiveSingularDativehomin -īTo or for the manIndirect objectSingularAccusativehomin -emman, the manDirect objectSingularAblativehomin -eBy, with, from the manObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativehomin -ēsmenSubjectPluralGenitivehomin -umOf the men, mens’PossessivePluralDativehomin -ibusTo or for the menIndirect objectPluralAccusativehomin -ēsthe menDirect objectPluralAblativehomin -ibusBy, with, from the menObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYimperātor, imperātōris - commander in chief, generalFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeimperātorcommander in chief, generalSubjectSingularGenitiveimperātōr-isOf the commander in chief, commander in chief’sPossessiveSingularDativeimperātor -īTo or for the commander in chiefIndirect objectSingularAccusativeimperātor -emcommander in chiefDirect objectSingularAblativeimperātor -eBy, with, from the commander in chiefObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeimperātor -ēscommander in chiefsSubjectPluralGenitiveimperātor -umOf the commander in chiefs PossessivePluralDativeimperātor -ibusTo or for the commander in chiefsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeimperātor -ēscommander in chiefsDirect objectPluralAblativeimperātor -ibusBy, with, from the commander in chiefsObject of the Prepositionvēritās, vēritātis - truthFormMeaningUseSingularNominativevēritāstruth, the truthSubjectSingularGenitivevēritāt-isOf the truth, truth’sPossessiveSingularDativevēritāt -īTo or for the truthIndirect objectSingularAccusativevēritāt -emtruth, the truthDirect objectSingularAblativevēritāt -eBy, with, from the truthObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativevēritāt -ēstruthsSubjectPluralGenitivevēritāt -umOf the truths, truths’PossessivePluralDativevēritāt -ibusTo or for the truthsIndirect objectPluralAccusativevēritāt -ēstruthsDirect objectPluralAblativevēritāt -ibusBy, with, from the truthsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYCaesar, Caesaris - CaesarFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeCaesarCaesarSubjectSingularGenitiveCaesar-isOf Caesar, Caesar’sPossessiveSingularDativeCaesar -īTo or for CaesarIndirect objectSingularAccusativeCaesar -emCaesarDirect objectSingularAblativeCaesar -eBy, with, from CaesarObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeCaesar -ēsCaesarsSubjectPluralGenitiveCaesar -umOf the Caesars, Caesars’PossessivePluralDativeCaesar -ibusTo or for CaesarsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeCaesar -ēsCaesarsDirect objectPluralAblativeCaesar -ibusBy, with, from CaesarsObject of the PrepositionPlural form used rarely salūs, salūtis - safety, welfare, salvationFormMeaningUseSingularNominativesalūssafetySubjectSingularGenitivesalūt-isOf safety, safety’sPossessiveSingularDativesalūt -īTo or for the safetyIndirect objectSingularAccusativesalūt -emsafety, the safetyDirect objectSingularAblativesalūt -eBy, with, from the safetyObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativesalūt -ēssafetys, the safetysSubjectPluralGenitivesalūt -umOf the safetys, safetys’PossessivePluralDativesalūt -ibusTo or for the safetysIndirect objectPluralAccusativesalūt -ēssafetysDirect objectPluralAblativesalūt -ibusBy, with, from the safetysObject of the PrepositionNote: meaning could also be welfare or salvationAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYvōx, vōcis – voice, cryFormMeaningUseSingularNominativevōxvoice, the voiceSubjectSingularGenitivevōc-isOf the voice, voice’sPossessiveSingularDativevōc -īTo or for the voiceIndirect objectSingularAccusativevōc -emvoice, the voiceDirect objectSingularAblativevōc -eBy, with, from the voiceObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativevōc -ēsvoices, the voicesSubjectPluralGenitivevōc -umOf the voices, voices’PossessivePluralDativevōc -ibusTo or for the voicesIndirect objectPluralAccusativevōc -ēsvoices, the voicesDirect objectPluralAblativevōc -ibusBy, with, from the voicesObject of the Prepositionvirtūs, virtūtis – courage, virtueFormMeaningUseSingularNominativevirtūscourage, the courageSubjectSingularGenitivevirtūt-isOf the courage, courage’sPossessiveSingularDativevirtūt -īTo or for the courageIndirect objectSingularAccusativevirtūt -emcourage, the courageDirect objectSingularAblativevirtūt -eBy, with, from the courageObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativevirtūt -ēscourages, the couragesSubjectPluralGenitivevirtūt -umOf the courages, courages’PossessivePluralDativevirtūt -ibusTo or for the couragesIndirect objectPluralAccusativevirtūt -ēscourages, the couragesDirect objectPluralAblativevirtūt -ibusBy, with, from the couragesObject of the PrepositionNote: Meaning could also mean “virtue”Additional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYmīles, mīlitis - soldierFormMeaningUseSingularNominativemīlessoldier, the soldierSubjectSingularGenitivemīlit-isOf the soldier, soldier’sPossessiveSingularDativemīlit -īTo or for the soldierIndirect objectSingularAccusativemīlit -emsoldier, the soldierDirect objectSingularAblativemīlit -eBy, with, from the soldierObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativemīlit -ēssoldiers, the soldiersSubjectPluralGenitivemīlit -umOf the soldiers, soldiers’PossessivePluralDativemīlit -ibusTo or for the soldiersIndirect objectPluralAccusativemīlit -ēssoldiers, the soldiersDirect objectPluralAblativemīlit -ibusBy, with, from the soldiersObject of the Prepositionpāx, pācis - peaceFormMeaningUseSingularNominativepāxpeace, the peaceSubjectSingularGenitivepāc-isOf the peace, peace’sPossessiveSingularDativepāc -īTo or for the peaceIndirect objectSingularAccusativepāc -empeace, the peaceDirect objectSingularAblativepāc -eBy, with, from the peaceObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativepāc -ēspeace, the peaceSubjectPluralGenitivepāc -umOf the peacePossessivePluralDativepāc -ibusTo or for the peaceIndirect objectPluralAccusativepāc -ēspeace, the peaceDirect objectPluralAblativepāc -ibusBy, with, from the peaceObject of the PrepositionNote: Sometimes the English plural of peace can be “peaces” The plural form will be infrequently usedAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 5 ANSWER KEYReview:2nd Declension masculine populus, ī - people, nationFormMeaningUseSingularNominativepopulusnation, the (a) nationSubjectSingularGenitivepopul-īOf the nation, the nation'sPossessiveSingularDativepopul -ōTo or for the nationIndirect objectSingularAccusativepopul -umnation, the (a) nationDirect objectSingularAblativepopul -ōBy, with, from the nationObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativepopul -īnations, the nationsSubjectPluralGenitivepopul -ōrumOf the nations, the nations'PossessivePluralDativepopul -īsTo or for the nationsIndirect objectPluralAccusativepopul -ōsnations, the nationsDirect objectPluralAblativepopul -īsBy, with, from the nationsObject of the PrepositionNote: can also mean people Review:1st Declension via, ae – road, wayFormMeaningUseSingularNominativevi-aroad, the (a) roadSubjectSingularGenitivevi-aeOf the (a) road; road’sPossessiveSingularDativevi -aeTo or for the (a) roadIndirect objectSingularAccusativevi -amroad, the (a) roadDirect objectSingularAblativevi -āBy, with, from the (a) roadObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativevi -aeroads, the roadsSubjectPluralGenitivevi -ārumOf the roads; roads’PossessivePluralDativevi -īsTo or for the roadsIndirect objectPluralAccusativevi -āsroads, the roadsDirect objectPluralAblativevi - īsBy, with, from the roadsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts: Nouns declined like pars, partis collis, collis, m. - hillFormMeaningUseSingularNominativecollisThe hillSubjectSingularGenitivecoll-isOf the hillPossessiveSingularDativecoll -īTo or for the hillIndirect objectSingularAccusativecoll -emThe hillDirect objectSingularAblativecoll -eBy, with, from the hillObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativecoll -ēsThe hillsSubjectPluralGenitivecoll -iumOf the hillsPossessivePluralDativecoll -ibusTo or for the hillsIndirect objectPluralAccusativecoll -ēsthe hillsDirect objectPluralAblativecoll -ibusBy, with, from the hillsObject of the Prepositionhostis, hostis – enemy (in war)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativehostisThe enemySubjectSingularGenitivehost-isOf the enemyPossessiveSingularDativehost -īTo or for the enemyIndirect objectSingularAccusativehost -emThe enemyDirect objectSingularAblativehost -eBy, with, from the enemyObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativehost -ēsThe enemies (or enemy)SubjectPluralGenitivehost -iumOf the enemies (or enemy)PossessivePluralDativehost -ibusTo or for the enemies (or enemy)Indirect objectPluralAccusativehost -ēsthe enemies (or enemy)Direct objectPluralAblativehost -ibusBy, with, from the enemies (or enemy)Object of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEYgēns, gentis - tribeFormMeaningUseSingularNominativegēnsThe tribeSubjectSingularGenitivegent-isOf the tribePossessiveSingularDativegent -īTo or for the tribeIndirect objectSingularAccusativegent -emThe tribeDirect objectSingularAblativegent -eBy, with, from the tribeObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativegent -ēsThe tribesSubjectPluralGenitivegent -iumOf the tribesPossessivePluralDativegent -ibusTo or for the tribesIndirect objectPluralAccusativegent -ēsthe tribesDirect objectPluralAblativegent -ibusBy, with, from the tribesObject of the Prepositioncaedēs, caedis – slaughterFormMeaningUseSingularNominativecaedēsThe slaughterSubjectSingularGenitivecaed-isOf the slaughterPossessiveSingularDativecaed -īTo or for the slaughterIndirect objectSingularAccusativecaed -emThe slaughterDirect objectSingularAblativecaed -eBy, with, from the slaughterObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativecaed -ēsThe slaughtersSubjectPluralGenitivecaed -iumOf the slaughtersPossessivePluralDativecaed -ibusTo or for the slaughtersIndirect objectPluralAccusativecaed -ēsthe slaughtersDirect objectPluralAblativecaed -ibusBy, with, from the slaughtersObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEYmōns, montis, m. - mountainFormMeaningUseSingularNominativemōnsThe mountainSubjectSingularGenitivemont-isOf the mountainPossessiveSingularDativemont -īTo or for the mountainIndirect objectSingularAccusativemont-emThe mountainDirect objectSingularAblativemont-eBy, with, from the mountainObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativemont-ēsThe mountainsSubjectPluralGenitivemont-iumOf the mountainsPossessivePluralDativemont-ibusTo or for the mountainsIndirect objectPluralAccusativemont-ēsthe mountainsDirect objectPluralAblativemont-ibusBy, with, from the mountainsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEY3rd Declension clāmor, clāmoris – shouting, shoutFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeclāmorThe shoutingSubjectSingularGenitiveclāmor -isOf the shoutingPossessiveSingularDativeclāmor -īTo or for the shoutingIndirect objectSingularAccusativeclāmor -emThe shoutingDirect objectSingularAblativeclāmor -eBy, with, from the shoutingObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeclāmor -ēsThe shoutingsSubjectPluralGenitiveclāmor -umOf the shoutingsPossessivePluralDativeclāmor -ibusTo or for the shoutingsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeclāmor -ēsthe shoutingsDirect objectPluralAblativeclāmor -ibusBy, with, from the shoutingsObject of the Prepositionprīnceps, prīncipis – chief, leading manFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeprīncepsThe chiefSubjectSingularGenitiveprīncip-isOf the chief, chief’sPossessiveSingularDativeprīncip -īTo or for the chiefIndirect objectSingularAccusativeprīncip -emThe chiefDirect objectSingularAblativeprīncip -eBy, with, from the chiefObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeprīncip -ēsThe chiefsSubjectPluralGenitiveprīncip -umOf the chiefsPossessivePluralDativeprīncip -ibusTo or for the chiefsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeprīncip -ēsthe chiefsDirect objectPluralAblativeprīncip -ibusBy, with, from the chiefsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEYExceptions to pars/partis rule for Istem: frāter, frātris (frātrum) – brotherFormMeaningUseSingularNominativefrāterThe brotherSubjectSingularGenitivefrātr-isOf the brother, brother’sPossessiveSingularDativefrātr -īTo or for the brotherIndirect objectSingularAccusativefrātr -emThe brotherDirect objectSingularAblativefrātr -eBy, with, from the brotherObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativefrātr -ēsThe brothersSubjectPluralGenitivefrātr -umOf the brothers, brothers’PossessivePluralDativefrātr -ibusTo or for the brothersIndirect objectPluralAccusativefrātr -ēsthe brothersDirect objectPluralAblativefrātr -ibusBy, with, from the brothersObject of the Prepositionpater, patris (patrum) - fatherFormMeaningUseSingularNominativepaterThe fatherSubjectSingularGenitivepatr-isOf the father, father’sPossessiveSingularDativepatr -īTo or for the fatherIndirect objectSingularAccusativepatr -emThe fatherDirect objectSingularAblativepatr -eBy, with, from the fatherObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativepatr -ēsThe fathersSubjectPluralGenitivepatr -umOf the fathersPossessivePluralDativepatr -ibusTo or for the fathersIndirect objectPluralAccusativepatr -ēsthe fathersDirect objectPluralAblativepatr-ibusBy, with, from the fathersObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEYmāter, mātris (mātrum) - motherFormMeaningUseSingularNominativemāterThe motherSubjectSingularGenitivemātr-isOf the motherPossessiveSingularDativemātr-īTo or for the motherIndirect objectSingularAccusativemātr-emThe motherDirect objectSingularAblativemātr-eBy, with, from the motherObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativemātr-ēsThe mothersSubjectPluralGenitivemātr-umOf the mothersPossessivePluralDativemātr-ibusTo or for the mothersIndirect objectPluralAccusativemātr-ēsthe mothersDirect objectPluralAblativemātr -ibusBy, with, from the mothersObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEY3rd Declension Neuter Nouns flūmen, flūminis – riverFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeflūmenThe riverSubjectSingularGenitiveflūmin-isOf the riverPossessiveSingularDativeflūmin-īTo or for the riverIndirect objectSingularAccusativeflūmenThe riverDirect objectSingularAblativeflūmin-eBy, with, from the riverObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeflūmin-aThe riversSubjectPluralGenitiveflūmin-umOf the riversPossessivePluralDativeflūmin-ibusTo or for the riversIndirect objectPluralAccusativeflūmin-athe riversDirect objectPluralAblativeflūmin-ibusBy, with, from the riversObject of the Prepositioniter, itineris, n. - journey, march, routeFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeiterThe journeySubjectSingularGenitiveitiner-isOf the journeyPossessiveSingularDativeitiner -īTo or for the journeyIndirect objectSingularAccusativeiterThe journeyDirect objectSingularAblativeitiner -eBy, with, from the journeyObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeitiner-aThe journeysSubjectPluralGenitiveitiner -umOf the journeysPossessivePluralDativeitiner -ibusTo or for the journeysIndirect objectPluralAccusativeitiner -athe journeysDirect objectPluralAblativeitiner -ibusBy, with, from the journeysObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEY3rd Declension Neuter Nouns corpus, corporis, n. - bodyFormMeaningUseSingularNominativecorpusbody, the (a) bodySubjectSingularGenitivecorpor-isOf the bodyPossessiveSingularDativecorpor -īTo or for the bodyIndirect objectSingularAccusativecorpusbody, the (a) bodyDirect objectSingularAblativecorpor -eBy, with, from the bodyObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativecorpor -abodies, the bodiesSubjectPluralGenitivecorpor -umOf the bodiesPossessivePluralDativecorpor -ibusTo or for the bodiesIndirect objectPluralAccusativecorpor -abodies, the bodiesDirect objectPluralAblativecorpor -ibusBy, with, from the bodiesObject of the Prepositionvulnus, vulneris, n. - woundFormMeaningUseSingularNominativevulnuswound, the (a) woundSubjectSingularGenitivevulner-isOf the woundPossessiveSingularDativevulner -īTo or for the woundIndirect objectSingularAccusativevulnuswound, the (a) woundDirect objectSingularAblativevulner-eBy, with, from the woundObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativevulner-awounds, the woundsSubjectPluralGenitivevulner-umOf the woundsPossessivePluralDativevulner-ibusTo or for the woundsIndirect objectPluralAccusativevulner-awounds, the woundsDirect objectPluralAblativevulner-ibusBy, with, from the woundsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 6 ANSWER KEY3rd Declension Neuter Nouns agmen, agminis – column (of soldiers), army (on the march)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeagmencolumn, the (a) columnSubjectSingularGenitiveagmin-isOf the columnPossessiveSingularDativeagmin -īTo or for the columnIndirect objectSingularAccusativeagmencolumn, the (a) columnDirect objectSingularAblativeagmin -eBy, with, from the columnObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeagmin -acolumns, the columnsSubjectPluralGenitiveagmin -umOf the columnsPossessivePluralDativeagmin -ibusTo or for the columnsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeagmin -acolumns, the columnsDirect objectPluralAblativeagmin -ibusBy, with, from the columnsObject of the Prepositionnōmen, nōminis – nameFormMeaningUseSingularNominativenomenname, the (a) nameSubjectSingularGenitivenōmin-isOf the namePossessiveSingularDativenōmin-īTo or for the nameIndirect objectSingularAccusativenomenname, the (a) nameDirect objectSingularAblativenōmin -eBy, with, from the nameObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativenōmin -anames, the (a) namesSubjectPluralGenitivenōmin -umOf the namesPossessivePluralDativenōmin -ibusTo or for the namesIndirect objectPluralAccusativenōmin -anames, the (a) namesDirect objectPluralAblativenōmin -ibusBy, with, from the namesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 7 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts: Review: mundus, ī – worldFormMeaningUseSingularNominativemund-usworld, the worldSubjectSingularGenitivemund -īOf the world, the world'sPossessiveSingularDativemund -ōTo or for the worldIndirect objectSingularAccusativemund -umworld, the worldDirect objectSingularAblativemund -ōBy, with, from the worldObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativemund -īworlds, the worldsSubjectPluralGenitivemund-ōrumOf the worlds, the worlds'PossessivePluralDativemund -īsTo or for the worldsIndirect objectPluralAccusativemund -ōsworlds, the worldsDirect objectPluralAblativemund -īsBy, with, from the worldsObject of the Preposition4th Declension Nouns: adventus, ūs – arrival, comingFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeadvent-usarrival, the arrivalSubjectSingularGenitiveadvent -ūsOf the arrivalPossessiveSingularDativeadvent -uīTo or for the arrivalIndirect objectSingularAccusativeadvent -umThe arrivalDirect objectSingularAblativeadvent -ūBy, with, from the arrivalObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeadvent -ūsThe arrivalsSubjectPluralGenitiveadvent -uumOf the arrivalsPossessivePluralDativeadvent -ibusTo or for the arrivalsIndirect objectPluralAccusativeadvent -ūsthe arrivalsDirect objectPluralAblativeadvent -ibusBy, with, from the arrivalsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 7 ANSWER KEYequitātus ūs- cavalryFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeequitāt-usthe cavalrySubjectSingularGenitiveequitāt-ūsOf the cavalryPossessiveSingularDativeequitāt -uīTo or for the cavalryIndirect objectSingularAccusativeequitāt -umThe cavalryDirect objectSingularAblativeequitāt -ūBy, with, from the cavalryObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeequitāt -ūsThe cavalriesSubjectPluralGenitiveequitāt -uumOf the cavalriesPossessivePluralDativeequitāt -ibusTo or for the cavalriesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeequitāt -ūsthe cavalriesDirect objectPluralAblativeequitāt -ibusBy, with, from the cavalriesObject of the Prepositionexercitus, ūs – armyFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeexercit-usthe armySubjectSingularGenitiveexercit -ūsOf the armyPossessiveSingularDativeexercit -uīTo or for the armyIndirect objectSingularAccusativeexercit -umThe armyDirect objectSingularAblativeexercit -ūBy, with, from the armyObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeexercit -ūsThe armiesSubjectPluralGenitiveexercit -uumOf the armiesPossessivePluralDativeexercit -ibusTo or for the armiesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeexercit -ūsthe armiesDirect objectPluralAblativeexercit -ibusBy, with, from the armiesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 7 ANSWER KEYimpetus, ūs - attackFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeimpet-usthe attackSubjectSingularGenitiveimpet -ūsOf the attackPossessiveSingularDativeimpet-uīTo or for the attackIndirect objectSingularAccusativeimpet -umThe attackDirect objectSingularAblativeimpet -ūBy, with, from the attackObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeimpet -ūsThe attacksSubjectPluralGenitiveimpet -uumOf the attacksPossessivePluralDativeimpet -ibusTo or for the attacksIndirect objectPluralAccusativeimpet -ūsthe attacksDirect objectPluralAblativeimpet -ibusBy, with, from the attacksObject of the Prepositionmetus, ūs - fearFormMeaningUseSingularNominativemet-usthe fearSubjectSingularGenitivemet -ūsOf the fearPossessiveSingularDativemet-uīTo or for the fearIndirect objectSingularAccusativemet – umThe fearDirect objectSingularAblativemet-ūBy, with, from the fearObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativemet -ūsThe fearsSubjectPluralGenitivemet -uumOf the fearsPossessivePluralDativemet -ibusTo or for the fearsIndirect objectPluralAccusativemet -ūsthe fearsDirect objectPluralAblativemet -ibusBy, with, from the fearsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 7 ANSWER KEYspīritus , ūs - breath, spiritFormMeaningUseSingularNominativespīrit-usthe spiritSubjectSingularGenitivespīrit-ūsOf the spiritPossessiveSingularDativespīrit-uīTo or for the spiritIndirect objectSingularAccusativespīrit -umThe spiritDirect objectSingularAblativespīrit -ūBy, with, from the spiritObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativespīrit -ūsThe spiritsSubjectPluralGenitivespīrit -uumOf the spiritsPossessivePluralDativespīrit -ibusTo or for the spiritsIndirect objectPluralAccusativespīrit -ūsthe spiritsDirect objectPluralAblativespīrit -ibusBy, with, from the spiritsObject of the Prepositionsenātus , ūs - senateFormMeaningUseSingularNominativesenāt-usthe senateSubjectSingularGenitivesenāt-ūsOf the senatePossessiveSingularDativesenāt -uīTo or for the senateIndirect objectSingularAccusativesenāt -umThe senateDirect objectSingularAblativesenāt -ūBy, with, from the senateObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativesenāt -ūsThe senatesSubjectPluralGenitivesenāt -uumOf the senatesPossessivePluralDativesenāt -ibusTo or for the senatesIndirect objectPluralAccusativesenāt -ūsthe senatesDirect objectPluralAblativesenāt -ibusBy, with, from the senatesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 8 ANSWER KEYPractice declining the nouns in the vocabulary on using the following charts: rēs, reī - thing, affairFormMeaningUseSingularNominativerēsThe thingSubjectSingularGenitiver-eī Of the thingPossessiveSingularDativer-eī To or for thingIndirect objectSingularAccusativer-emThe thingDirect objectSingularAblativer-ē By, with, from the thingObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativer-ēs The thingsSubjectPluralGenitiver-ērumOf the thingsPossessivePluralDativer-ēbus To or for the thingsIndirect objectPluralAccusativer-ēsthe thingsDirect objectPluralAblativer-ēbus By, with, from the thingsObject of the Prepositionfidēs, fideī – faith, reliability, faithfulnessFormMeaningUseSingularNominativefidēsfaith, the faithSubjectSingularGenitivefid-eī Of the faithPossessiveSingularDativefid -eī To or for faithIndirect objectSingularAccusativefid -emfaith, the faithDirect objectSingularAblativefid -ē By, with, from the faithObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativefid -ēs The faithsSubjectPluralGenitivefid -ērumOf the faithsPossessivePluralDativefid -ēbus To or for the faithsIndirect objectPluralAccusativefid -ēsthe faithsDirect objectPluralAblativefid -ēbus By, with, from the faithsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 8 ANSWER KEYaciēs, aciēī - battle lineFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeaci-ēsthe battle lineSubjectSingularGenitiveaci-eī Of the battle linePossessiveSingularDativeaci -eī To or for battle lineIndirect objectSingularAccusativeaci -emthe battle lineDirect objectSingularAblativeaci-ē By, with, from the battle lineObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeaci -ēs The battle linesSubjectPluralGenitiveaci -ērumOf the battle linesPossessivePluralDativeaci-ēbus To or for the battle linesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeaci -ēsthe battle linesDirect objectPluralAblativeaci-ēbus By, with, from the battle linesObject of the Prepositionspēs, speī - hopeFormMeaningUseSingularNominativesp-ēsthe hopeSubjectSingularGenitivesp-eī Of the hopePossessiveSingularDativesp -eī To or for hopeIndirect objectSingularAccusativesp -emthe hopeDirect objectSingularAblativesp -ē By, with, from the hopeObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativesp -ēs The hopesSubjectPluralGenitivesp -ērumOf the hopesPossessivePluralDativesp -ēbus To or for the hopesIndirect objectPluralAccusativesp -ēsthe hopesDirect objectPluralAblativesp -ēbus By, with, from the hopesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 8 ANSWER KEYNouns with special meanings (pg 64)castra, castrōrum - campFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeNo singular formSubjectSingularGenitivePossessiveSingularDativeIndirect objectSingularAccusativeDirect objectSingularAblativeObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativecastr-ā campSubjectPluralGenitivecastr -ōrumof the campPossessivePluralDativecastr -īsto or for the campIndirect objectPluralAccusativecastr -acampDirect objectPluralAblativecastr -īsby, with, from the campObject of the Prepositionimpedīmenta, impedīmentōrum - baggage, baggage trainFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeno singular formSubjectSingularGenitivePossessiveSingularDativeIndirect objectSingularAccusativeDirect objectSingularAblativeObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeimpedīment-ā baggageSubjectPluralGenitiveimpedīment -ōrumof the baggagePossessivePluralDativeimpedīment -īsto or for the baggageIndirect objectPluralAccusativeimpedīment -abaggageDirect objectPluralAblativeimpedīment -īsby, with, from the baggageObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 8 ANSWER KEYSome Latin nouns have different meanings in the singular and plural:grātia, ae – favor, influence, grace (in Christian Latin)grātiae, grātiārum – thanksFormMeaningUseSingularNominativegrāti-agrace, the graceSubjectSingularGenitivegrāti-aeOf the grace, grace’sPossessiveSingularDativegrāti -aeTo or for the (a) graceIndirect objectSingularAccusativegrāti -amThe graceDirect objectSingularAblativegrāti-āBy, with, from the (a) graceObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativegrāti -aethanksSubjectPluralGenitivegrāti-ārumOf the thanksPossessivePluralDativegrāti -īsTo or for the thanksIndirect objectPluralAccusativegrāti -āsthanksDirect objectPluralAblativegrāti - īsBy, with, from the thanksObject of the Prepositioncōpia, ae – supply, abundancecōpiae, cōpiarum, f. - troops, forces (a military term)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativecōpi-asupplySubjectSingularGenitivecōpi -aeOf the supplyPossessiveSingularDativecōpi-aeTo or for the supplyIndirect objectSingularAccusativecōpi-amThe supplyDirect objectSingularAblativecōpi-āBy, with, from the supplyObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativecōpi-aetroopsSubjectPluralGenitivecōpi-ārumOf the troopsPossessivePluralDativecōpi-īsTo or for the troopsIndirect objectPluralAccusativecōpi-āstroopsDirect objectPluralAblativecōpi- īsBy, with, from the troopsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 10 ANSWER KEYDecline adjectives from the vocabulary magnus, a, um – great, largeMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativemagn-usmagn-amagn-umSingularGenitivemagn-īmagn-aemagn-īSingularDativemagn-ō magn-aemagn-ō SingularAccusativemagn-ummagn-ammagn-umSingularAblativemagn-ō magn-āmagn-ō PluralNominativemagn-īmagn-aemagn-aPluralGenitivemagn-ōrummagn-ārummagn-ōrumPluralDativemagn-īsmagn-īsmagn-īsPluralAccusativemagn-ōsmagn-āsmagn-āPluralAblativemagn-īsmagn-īsmagn-īsaltus, a, um – high, deepMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativealt-usalt-aalt- umSingularGenitivealt- īalt-aealt- īSingularDativealt- ōalt-aealt- ōSingularAccusativealt- umalt-amalt- umSingularAblativealt- ōalt-āalt- ōPluralNominativealt- īalt-aealt- aPluralGenitivealt- ōrumalt- ārumalt- ōrumPluralDativealt- īsalt- īsalt- īsPluralAccusativealt- ōsalt- āsalt- āPluralAblativealt- īsalt- īsalt- īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 10 ANSWER KEYbonus, a, um - goodMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativebon- usbon-abon- umSingularGenitivebon- ībon-aebon- īSingularDativebon- ōbon-aebon- ōSingularAccusativebon- umbon-ambon- umSingularAblativebon- ōbon -ābon- ōPluralNominativebon- ībon-aebon- aPluralGenitivebon- ōrumbon- ārumbon- ōrumPluralDativebon- īsbon- īsbon- īsPluralAccusativebon- ōsbon- āsbon- āPluralAblativebon- īsbon- īsbon- īslongus, a, um - longMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativelong-uslong- along- umSingularGenitivelong- īlong-aelong- īSingularDativelong- ōlong- aelong- ōSingularAccusativelong- umlong- amlong- umSingularAblativelong- ōlong- ālong- ōPluralNominativelong- īlong- aelong- aPluralGenitivelong- ōrumlong- ārumlong- ōrumPluralDativelong- īslong- īslong- īsPluralAccusativelong- ōslong- āslong- āPluralAblativelong- īslong- īslong- īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 10 ANSWER KEYmalus, a, um - badMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativemal- usmal- amal- umSingularGenitivemal- īmal- aemal- īSingularDativemal- ōmal- aemal- ōSingularAccusativemal- ummal- ammal- umSingularAblativemal- ōmal- āmal- ōPluralNominativemal- īmal- aemal- aPluralGenitivemal- ōrummal- ārummal- ōrumPluralDativemal- īsmal- īsmal- īsPluralAccusativemal- ōsmal- āsmal- āPluralAblativemal- īsmal- īsmal- īsmultus, a, um – much (pl. many)Masculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativemult- usmult- amult- umSingularGenitivemult- īmult- aemult- īSingularDativemult- ōmult- aemult- ōSingularAccusativemult- ummult- ammult- umSingularAblativemult- ōmult- āmult- ōPluralNominativemult- īmult- aemult- aPluralGenitivemult- ōrummult- ārummult- ōrumPluralDativemult- īsmult- īsmult- īsPluralAccusativemult- ōsmult- āsmult- āPluralAblativemult- īsmult- īsmult- īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 10 ANSWER KEYsāntus, a, um – holy, saintMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativesānt- ussānt- asānt- umSingularGenitivesānt- īsānt- aesānt- īSingularDativesānt- ōsānt- aesānt- ōSingularAccusativesānt- umsānt- amsānt- umSingularAblativesānt- ōsānt- āsānt- ōPluralNominativesānt- īsānt- aesānt- aPluralGenitivesānt- ōrumsānt- ārumsānt- ōrumPluralDativesānt- īssānt- īssānt- īsPluralAccusativesānt- ōssānt- āssānt- āPluralAblativesānt- īssānt- īssānt- īsprīmus, a, um – firstMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativeprīm- usprīm- aprīm- umSingularGenitiveprīm- īprīm- aeprīm- īSingularDativeprīm- ōprīm- aeprīm- ōSingularAccusativeprīm- umprīm- amprīm- umSingularAblativeprīm- ōprīm- āprīm- ōPluralNominativeprīm- īprīm- aeprīm- aPluralGenitiveprīm- ōrumprīm- ārumprīm- ōrumPluralDativeprīm- īsprīm- īsprīm- īsPluralAccusativeprīm- ōsprīm- āsprīm- āPluralAblativeprīm- īsprīm- īsprīm- īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 11 ANSWER KEYDecline adjectives from the vocabulary angustus, a, um - narrowMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativeangust-usangust-aangust-umSingularGenitiveangust-īangust-aeangust-īSingularDativeangust-ō angust-aeangust-ō SingularAccusativeangust-umangust-amangust-umSingularAblativeangust-ō angust-āangust-ō PluralNominativeangust-īangust-aeangust-aPluralGenitiveangust-ōrumangust-ārumangust-ōrumPluralDativeangust-īsangust-īsangust-īsPluralAccusativeangust-ōsangust-āsangust-āPluralAblativeangust-īsangust-īsangust-īsreliquus, a, um - remaining, the rest ofMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativereliqu-usreliqu-areliqu-umSingularGenitivereliqu-īreliqu-aereliqu-īSingularDativereliqu-ō reliqu-aereliqu-ō SingularAccusativereliqu-umreliqu-amreliqu-umSingularAblativereliqu-ō reliqu-āreliqu-ō PluralNominativereliqu-īreliqu-aereliqu-aPluralGenitivereliqu-ōrumreliqu-ārumreliqu-ōrumPluralDativereliqu-īsreliqu-īsreliqu-īsPluralAccusativereliqu-ōsreliqu-āsreliqu-āPluralAblativereliqu-īsreliqu-īsreliqu-īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 11 ANSWER KEYtūtus, a, um - safeMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativetūt-ustūt-atūt-umSingularGenitivetūt-ītūt-aetūt-īSingularDativetūt-ō tūt-aetūt-ō SingularAccusativetūt-umtūt-amtūt-umSingularAblativetūt-ō tūt-ātūt-ō PluralNominativetūt-ītūt-aetūt-aPluralGenitivetūt-ōrumtūt-ārumtūt-ōrumPluralDativetūt-īstūt-īstūt-īsPluralAccusativetūt-ōstūt-āstūt-āPluralAblativetūt-īstūt-īstūt-īsRōmānus, a um - RomanMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativeRōmān-usRōmān -aRōmān-umSingularGenitiveRōmān-īRōmān-aeRōmān-īSingularDativeRōmān-ō Rōmān-aeRōmān-ō SingularAccusativeRōmān-umRōmān-amRōmān-umSingularAblativeRōmān-ō Rōmān-āRōmān-ō PluralNominativeRōmān-īRōmān-aeRōmān-aPluralGenitiveRōmān-ōrumRōmān-ārumRōmān-ōrumPluralDativeRōmān-īsRōmān-īsRōmān-īsPluralAccusativeRōmān-ōsRōmān-āsRōmān-āPluralAblativeRōmān-īsRōmān-īsRōmān-īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 11 ANSWER KEYChrīstiānus, a, um - ChristianMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativeChrīstiān-usChrīstiān-aChrīstiān-umSingularGenitiveChrīstiān-īChrīstiān-aeChrīstiān-īSingularDativeChrīstiān-ō Chrīstiān-aeChrīstiān-ō SingularAccusativeChrīstiān-umChrīstiān-amChrīstiān-umSingularAblativeChrīstiān-ō Chrīstiān-āChrīstiān-ō PluralNominativeChrīstiān-īChrīstiān-aeChrīstiān-aPluralGenitiveChrīstiān-ōrumChrīstiān-ārumChrīstiān-ōrumPluralDativeChrīstiān-īsChrīstiān-īsChrīstiān-īsPluralAccusativeChrīstiān-ōsChrīstiān-āsChrīstiān-āPluralAblativeChrīstiān-īsChrīstiān-īsChrīstiān-īsReview Nouns: inopia, ae – scarcity, wantFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeinopi-ascarcitySubjectSingularGenitiveinopi -aeOf the scarcityPossessiveSingularDativeinopi -aeTo or for the scarcityIndirect objectSingularAccusativeinopi -amThe (a) scarcityDirect objectSingularAblativeinopi -āBy, with, from the (a) scarcityObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeinopi -aescarcitiesSubjectPluralGenitiveinopi -ārumOf the scarcitiesPossessivePluralDativeinopi -īsTo or for the scarcitiesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeinopi -āsscarcitiesDirect objectPluralAblativeinopi - īsBy, with, from the scarcitiesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 11 ANSWER KEYdominus, ī – master, LordFormMeaningUseSingularNominativedomin-usmaster, the masterSubjectSingularGenitivedomin -īOf the master, the master 'sPossessiveSingularDativedomin -ōTo or for the masterIndirect objectSingularAccusativedomin -ummaster, the masterDirect objectSingularAblativedomin -ōBy, with, from the masterObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativedomin -īmasters, the mastersSubjectPluralGenitivedomin -ōrumOf the masters, the masters'PossessivePluralDativedomin -īsTo or for the mastersIndirect objectPluralAccusativedomin -ōsmasters, the mastersDirect objectPluralAblativedomin -īsBy, with, from the mastersObject of the Prepositionmūrus, ī - wallFormMeaningUseSingularNominativemūr-uswall, the wallSubjectSingularGenitivemūr -īOf the wall, the wall 'sPossessiveSingularDativemūr -ōTo or for the wallIndirect objectSingularAccusativemūr -umwall, the wallDirect objectSingularAblativemūr -ōBy, with, from the wallObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativemūr -īwalls, the wallsSubjectPluralGenitivemūr -ōrumOf the walls, the walls'PossessivePluralDativemūr -īsTo or for the wallsIndirect objectPluralAccusativemūr -ōswalls, the wallsDirect objectPluralAblativemūr -īsBy, with, from the wallsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 11 ANSWER KEYfrūmentum, ī – grain, (pl. crops)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativefrūment-umThe grainSubjectSingularGenitivefrūment-ī Of the grainPossessiveSingularDativefrūment-ōTo or for the grainIndirect objectSingularAccusativefrūment-umThe grainDirect objectSingularAblativefrūment-ōBy, with, from the grainObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativefrūment-ā The cropsSubjectPluralGenitivefrūment-ōrumOf the cropsPossessivePluralDativefrūment-īsTo or for the cropsIndirect objectPluralAccusativefrūment-athe cropsDirect objectPluralAblativefrūment-īsBy, with, from the cropsObject of the Prepositionlegiō, legiōnis, f. - legionFormMeaningUseSingularNominativelegiōThe legionSubjectSingularGenitivelegiōn-isOf the legion, legion’sPossessiveSingularDativelegiōn -īTo or for the legionIndirect objectSingularAccusativelegiōn-emThe legionDirect objectSingularAblativelegiōn-eBy, with, from the legionObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativelegiōn-ēsThe legionsSubjectPluralGenitivelegiōn-umOf the legionsPossessivePluralDativelegiōn-ibusTo or for the legionsIndirect objectPluralAccusativelegiōn-ēsthe legionsDirect objectPluralAblativelegiōn-ibusBy, with, from the legionsObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYDecline adjectives from the vocabulary brevis, e – shortMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativebrev-isbrev -isbrev -eSingularGenitivebrev -isbrev -isbrev -isSingularDativebrev -ībrev -ībrev -īSingularAccusativebrev -embrev -embrev -eSingularAblativebrev -ībrev -ībrev -īPluralNominativebrev -ēsbrev -ēsbrev -iaPluralGenitivebrev -iumbrev -iumbrev -iumPluralDativebrev -ibusbrev -ibusbrev -ibusPluralAccusativebrev -ēsbrev -ēsbrev -iaPluralAblativebrev -ibusbrev -ibusbrev-ibuscommūnis, e – commonMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativecommūn-iscommūn -iscommūn -eSingularGenitivecommūn -iscommūn -iscommūn -isSingularDativecommūn -īcommūn -īcommūn -īSingularAccusativecommūn -emcommūn -emcommūn -eSingularAblativecommūn -īcommūn -īcommūn -īPluralNominativecommūn -ēscommūn -ēscommūn -iaPluralGenitivecommūn -iumcommūn -iumcommūn -iumPluralDativecommūn -ibuscommūn -ibuscommūn -ibusPluralAccusativecommūn -ēscommūn -ēscommūn -iaPluralAblativecommūn -ibuscommūn -ibuscommūn -ibusAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYfortis, e – brave, strongMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativefort-isfort -isfort -eSingularGenitivefort -isfort -isfort -isSingularDativefort -īfort -īfort -īSingularAccusativefort -emfort -emfort -eSingularAblativefort -īfort -īfort -īPluralNominativefort -ēsfort -ēsfort -iaPluralGenitivefort -iumfort -iumfort -iumPluralDativefort -ibusfort -ibusfort -ibusPluralAccusativefort -ēsfort -ēsfort -iaPluralAblativefort -ibusfort -ibusfort -ibusnōbilis, e - noble, renownedMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativenōbil-isnōbil -isnōbil -eSingularGenitivenōbil -isnōbil -isnōbil -isSingularDativenōbil -īnōbil -īnōbil -īSingularAccusativenōbil -emnōbil -emnōbil -eSingularAblativenōbil -īnōbil -īnōbil -īPluralNominativenōbil -ēsnōbil -ēsnōbil -iaPluralGenitivenōbil -iumnōbil -iumnōbil -iumPluralDativenōbil -ibusnōbil -ibusnōbil -ibusPluralAccusativenōbil -ēsnōbil -ēsnōbil -iaPluralAblativenōbil -ibusnōbil -ibusnōbil -ibusAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYdifficilis, e - difficultMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativefort-isfort -isdifficil -eSingularGenitivedifficil -isdifficil -isdifficil -isSingularDativedifficil -īdifficil -īdifficil -īSingularAccusativedifficil -emdifficil -emdifficil -eSingularAblativedifficil -īdifficil -īdifficil -īPluralNominativedifficil -ēsdifficil -ēsdifficil -iaPluralGenitivedifficil -iumdifficil -iumdifficil -iumPluralDativedifficil -ibusdifficil -ibusdifficil -ibusPluralAccusativedifficil -ēsdifficil -ēsdifficil -iaPluralAblativedifficil -ibusdifficil -ibusdifficil -ibusfacilis, e – easyMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativefacil-isfacil -isfacil -eSingularGenitivefacil -isfacil -isfacil -isSingularDativefacil -īfacil -īfacil -īSingularAccusativefacil -emfacil -emfacil -eSingularAblativefacil -īfacil -īfacil -īPluralNominativefacil -ēsfacil -ēsfacil -iaPluralGenitivefacil -iumfacil -iumfacil -iumPluralDativefacil-ibusfacil -ibusfacil -ibusPluralAccusativefacil -ēsfacil -ēsfacil -iaPluralAblativefacil -ibusfacil -ibusfacil -ibusAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYomnis, e – all, everyMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativeomn-isomn -isomn -eSingularGenitiveomn -isomn -isomn -isSingularDativeomn -īomn -īomn -īSingularAccusativeomn -emomn -emomn -eSingularAblativeomn -īomn -īomn -īPluralNominativeomn -ēsomn -ēsomn -iaPluralGenitiveomn -iumomn -iumomn -iumPluralDativeomn -ibusomn -ibusomn -ibusPluralAccusativeomn -ēsomn -ēsomn -iaPluralAblativeomn -ibusomn -ibusomn -ibussimilis, e; w. gen or dat. - like, similarMasculineFeminineNeuterSingularNominativesimil-issimil -issimil -eSingularGenitivesimil -issimil -issimil -isSingularDativesimil -īsimil -īsimil -īSingularAccusativesimil -emsimil -emsimil -eSingularAblativesimil -īsimil -īsimil -īPluralNominativesimil -ēssimil -ēssimil -iaPluralGenitivesimil -iumsimil -iumsimil -iumPluralDativesimil -ibussimil -ibussimil -ibusPluralAccusativesimil -ēssimil -ēssimil -iaPluralAblativesimil -ibussimil -ibussimil -ibusAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYReview 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectivescupidus, a, um; w. gen – eager, desirousMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativecupid-uscupid-acupid-umSingularGenitivecupid-īcupid-aecupid-īSingularDativecupid-ōcupid-aecupid-ōSingularAccusativecupid-umcupid-amcupid-umSingularAblativecupid-ōcupid-ācupid-ōPluralNominativecupid-īcupid-aecupid-aPluralGenitivecupid-ōrumcupid-ārumcupid-ōrumPluralDativecupid-īscupid-īscupid-īsPluralAccusativecupid-ōscupid-āscupid-āPluralAblativecupid-īscupid-īscupid-īsplēnus, a, um; w. gen or abl. - fullMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativeplēn-usplēn-aplēn-umSingularGenitiveplēn-īplēn-aeplēn-īSingularDativeplēn-ōplēn-aeplēn-ōSingularAccusativeplēn-umplēn-amplēn-umSingularAblativeplēn-ōplēn-āplēn-ōPluralNominativeplēn-īplēn-aeplēn-aPluralGenitiveplēn-ōrumplēn-ārumplēn-ōrumPluralDativeplēn-īsplēn-īsplēn-īsPluralAccusativeplēn-ōsplēn-āsplēn-āPluralAblativeplēn-īsplēn-īsplēn-īsAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYfīnitimus, a, um; w. dat. - neighboring, nextMasculinelike servusFemininelike portaNeuterlike bellumSingularNominativefīnitim-usfīnitim-afīnitim-umSingularGenitivefīnitim-īfīnitim-aefīnitim-īSingularDativefīnitim-ōfīnitim-aefīnitim-ōSingularAccusativefīnitim-umfīnitim-amfīnitim-umSingularAblativefīnitim-ōfīnitim-āfīnitim-ōPluralNominativefīnitim-īfīnitim-aefīnitim-aPluralGenitivefīnitim-ōrumfīnitim-ārumfīnitim-ōrumPluralDativefīnitim-īsfīnitim-īsfīnitim-īsPluralAccusativefīnitim-ōsfīnitim-āsfīnitim-āPluralAblativefīnitim-īsfīnitim-īsfīnitim-īsReview: NounsSpecial noun: Jēsūs, ū - JesusFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeJēsūsJesusSubjectSingularGenitiveJēsūOf Jesus, Jesus’sPossessiveSingularDativeJēsūto or for JesusIndirect objectSingularAccusativeJēsūmJesusDirect objectSingularAblativeJēsūby, with, from JesusObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYurbs, urbis – cityFormMeaningUseSingularNominativeurbsThe citySubjectSingularGenitiveurb-isOf the city; city’sPossessiveSingularDativeurb-īTo or for the cityIndirect objectSingularAccusativeurb-emThe cityDirect objectSingularAblativeurb-eBy, with, from the cityObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeurb-ēsThe citiesSubjectPluralGenitiveurb-iumOf the cities, cities’PossessivePluralDativeurb-ibusTo or for the citiesIndirect objectPluralAccusativeurb-ēsthe citiesDirect objectPluralAblativeurb-ibusBy, with, from the citiesObject of the Prepositionpōns, pontis, m. - bridgeFormMeaningUseSingularNominativepōnsThe bridgeSubjectSingularGenitivepont-isOf the bridge; bridge’sPossessiveSingularDativepont-īTo or for the bridgeIndirect objectSingularAccusativepont-emThe bridgeDirect objectSingularAblativepont-eBy, with, from the bridgeObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativepont-ēsThe bridgesSubjectPluralGenitivepont-iumOf the bridges, bridges’PossessivePluralDativepont-ibusTo or for the bridgesIndirect objectPluralAccusativepont-ēsthe bridgesDirect objectPluralAblativepont-ibusBy, with, from the bridgesObject of the PrepositionAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 12 ANSWER KEYsignum, ī - standard, signal, signFormMeaningUseSingularNominativesign-umThe standardSubjectSingularGenitivesign-ī Of the standardPossessiveSingularDativesign-ōTo or for the standardIndirect objectSingularAccusativesign-umThe standardDirect objectSingularAblativesign-ōBy, with, from the standardObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativesign-ā The standardsSubjectPluralGenitivesign-ōrumOf the standardsPossessivePluralDativesign-īsTo or for the standardsIndirect objectPluralAccusativesign-athe standardsDirect objectPluralAblativesign-īsBy, with, from the standardsObject of the Prepositioneques, equitis - horseman (pl. calvary)FormMeaningUseSingularNominativeequesThe horsemanSubjectSingularGenitiveequit-isOf the horsemanPossessiveSingularDativeequit -īTo or for the horsemanIndirect objectSingularAccusativeequit -emThe horsemanDirect objectSingularAblativeequit -eBy, with, from the horsemanObject of the PrepositionPluralNominativeequit -ēsThe cavalrySubjectPluralGenitiveequit -umOf the cavalryPossessivePluralDativeequit -ibusTo or for the cavalryIndirect objectPluralAccusativeequit -ēsthe cavalryDirect objectPluralAblativeequit -ibusBy, with, from the cavalryObject of the Preposition. Additional Practice for Semester 1 Week 13 ANSWER KEYPractice the Present Tense (present stem) using words in the vocabulary occupō, 1. tr., seizeFormMeaningSingular1st Poccup-ōI seize, I am seizing, I do seizeSingular2nd Poccup-āsyou seize, you are seizing, you do seizeSingular3rd Poccup-athe, she, it seizes; he, she, it are seizing; he, she it does seizePlural1st Poccup-āmuswe seize, we are seizing, we do seizePlural2nd Poccup-ātisyou seize, you are seizing, you do seizePlural3rd Poccup-antthey seize, they are seizing, they do seizeoppugnō, 1, tr., attack, assaultFormMeaningSingular1st Poppugn-ōI attack, I am attacking, I do attackSingular2nd Poppugn-āsyou attack, you are attacking, you do attackSingular3rd Poppugn-athe, she, it attacks; he, she, it are attacking; he, she it does attackPlural1st Poppugn-āmuswe attack, we are attacking, we do attackPlural2nd Poppugn-ātisyou attack, you are attacking, you do attackPlural3rd Poppugn-antthey attack, they are attacking, they do attackōrō, 1, tr., beg, prayFormMeaningSingular1st Pōr-ōI pray, I am praying, I do praySingular2nd Pōr-āsyou pray, you are praying, you do praySingular3rd Pōr-athe, she, it prays; he, she, it are praying; he, she it does prayPlural1st Pōr-āmuswe pray, we are praying, we do prayPlural2nd Pōr-ātisyou pray, you are praying, you do prayPlural3rd Pōr-antthey pray, they are praying, they do prayAdditional Practice for Semester 1 Week 13 ANSWER KEYparō, 1, tr., prepare, get readyFormMeaningSingular1st Ppar-ōI prepare, I am preparing, I do prepareSingular2nd Ppar -āsyou prepare, you are preparing, you do prepareSingular3rd Ppar -athe, she, it prepares; he, she, it are preparing; he, she it does preparePlural1st Ppar -āmuswe prepare, we are preparing, we do preparePlural2nd Ppar -ātisyou prepare, you are preparing, you do preparePlural3rd Ppar -antthey prepare, they are preparing, they do prepare ................
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