Berkner HS AP Biology - Home



Evolution Student PracticeFRQ -3048007874000328612518859500Multiple Choice5. In evolutionary terms, which of the following organisms is the most successful? a. The one that lives the longest b. The one that grows most rapidly c. The one that leaves the greatest number of offspring that survive to reproduce d. The one that has the best characteristics for the current environment e. The one that has the biggest territory6. S. L. Miller’s classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. All of the following gases were used in this experiment EXCEPTa.ammoniad.oxygenb.methanee.water vaporc.hydrogen7. From the fields of study listed bellow, choose the field that has provided each of the following pieces of evidence that biological evolution has occurred. Peripatus has claws like an insect and paired nephridia like a segmented worm. (A) Comparative biochemistry (B) Comparative anatomy (C) Comparative embryology (D) Geographical distribution (E) Paleontology8. From the fields of study listed bellow, choose the field that has provided each of the following pieces of evidence that biological evolution has occurred. Most human diabetics can use insulin derived either from pigs or humans. (A) Comparative biochemistry (B) Comparative anatomy (C) Comparative embryology (D) Geographical distribution (E) Paleontology9. The best evidence that the giant panda is more closely related to bears than is the raccoon-like lesser panda involves _____. a. Comparative anatomy b. Comparative embryology c. DNA sequence comparisons d. Behavioral similarities e. Fossil records 10. The functional similarity of the mandibles (hinged jaws) of insects and those of mammals is an example of _____ a. Homology b. Analogy c. Divergent evolution d. Adaptive radiation e. Punctuated equilibrium11. Which of the following statements best summarizes organic evolution as it is viewed by modern evolutionists? a. It is goal directed b. Is represents the results of selection for acquired characteristics c. It is synonymous with the process of gene flow d. It is the descent of humans from the present-day great apes e. It is the differential survival and reproduction of certain phenotypes12. Which of the following is probably the best explanation for the fat that Antarctic penguins cannot fly, although there is some evidence that millions of years ago their ancestors could do so? a. Penguins live on land and feed in water; therefore they have no need to fly. b. The Antarctic home of penguins is flat and barren; therefore there is no place to fly c. Ancestral penguins without large wings were better able to swim and feed in the water; therefore they passed their genes for shorter wing structure on to their offspring. d. Ancestral penguins did not use their wings for long periods of time; therefore today’s penguins have only time, nonfunctional wings e. The cold and wind of Antarctic make flight impossible; therefore penguins that live there have lost the ability to fly13. All of the following statements concerning the theory of evolution by natural selection are true EXCEPT _____. a. Organisms produce far more offspring than are required for replacement b. The individuals in a population show variation in survivability and in their ability to cope with environmental stress c. The number of offspring that survive to reproduce varies among individuals d. The bodies of organisms in a population change by use and disuse, and the changes are inherited by the next generation. e. Some of the variation in adaptation is the result of genetic differences that may be passed on to the next generation.14. Individuals of a particular species of ground beetle are either light-tan or dark-brown. Light-tan beetles are predominant in habitats with light-colored sandy soils, and dark-brown beetles are predominant in habitats with dark-colored loam soils. In an experiment designed to determine the survival rates of light-tan beetles and dark-brown beetles in different habitats, 500 light-tan beetles and 500 dark-brown beetles were released in each of four habitats. Each beetle had been marked with a small spot of red paint on the underside of its abdomen before it was released. One week after the beetles had been released, any marked beetles that could be found were recaptured. The results are presented in the table below. It is assumed that differences in the numbers of beetles recaptured are directly related to differences in survival rates. Which of the following processes best explains why fewer light-tan beetles than dark-brown beetles were captured in Habitat 4? a. Immigrationb. Genetic drift c. Mutation d. Adaptive radiation e. Predation 15. USE THE TABLE AND SCENARIA FROM THE QUESTION ABOVEIf all insectivorous birds and remaining beetles were removed from Habitat 2 and 500 additional dark-brown beetles and 500 additional light-tan beetles were then released into Habitat 2, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of additional dark-brown beetles that would be expected to be recaptured in Habitat 2 after one more week? 0 B 22 C 122 d. 120 e. 220 f. 50016. Which of the following is a correct statement about mutations?A.???They are a source of variation for evolution.B.???They drive evolution by creating mutation pressures.C.???They are irreversible.D.???They occur in germ cells but not in somatic cellsE.???They are most often beneficial to the organisms in which they occur.17. A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations. After several generations, 49 percent of the animals display a recessive trait (bb), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The rest of the animals show the dominant phenotype, with heterozygous indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants. What is the most reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the fact that the frequency of allele b has not changed over time? a. The population is undergoing genetic drift b. The two phenotypes are equally adaptive under laboratory conditions c. The genotype BB is lethal d. There has been a high rate of mutation of allele B to allele b e. There has been sexual selection favoring allele b18. A large population of laboratory animals has been allowed to breed randomly for a number of generations. After several generations, 49 percent of the animals display a recessive trait (bb), the same percentage as at the beginning of the breeding program. The rest of the animals show the dominant phenotype, with heterozygous indistinguishable from the homozygous dominants.What proportion of the population is heterozygous (Bb) for this trait? a. 0.51 b. 0.42c. 0.21 d. 0.09 e. 0.0719. 0000In a hypothetical population of beetles, there is a wide variety of color, matching the range of coloration of the tree trunks on which the beetles hide from predators. The graphs below illustrate four possible changes to the beetle population as a result of a change in the environment due to pollution that darkened the tree trunks. a. The coloration range shifted toward more light-colored beetles, as in Diagram I. The pollution helped the predators find the darkened tree trunks. b. The coloration in the population split into two extremes, as in Diagram II. Both the lighter-colored and the darker-colored beetles were able to hide on the darker tree trunks. c. The coloration range became narrower, as in Diagram III. The predators selected beetles at the color extremes. d. The coloration in the population shifted toward more darker-colored beetles, as in Diagram IV. The lighter-colored beetles were found more easily by the predators than were the darker-colored beetles.20. The different species of finches on the Galapagos Islands are believed to have arisen as a result of natural selection acting on populations of finches that experienced _____. a. Convergent evolution b. Gene flow c. The bottleneck effect d. Geographic isolation e. Hybrid sterility21. A large assemblage of land snails is subdivided into two populations (A and B) by a river that effectively isolates the two populations for an indefinitely long period. From an evolutionary standpoint, which of the following is the LEAST likely to occur in the two populations? a. Populations A and B will eventually differ in their ecological requirements. b. Population A may ultimately breed at a different time of the year than population B does. c. Population A may undergo instantaneous speciation by the doubling of its chromosome numbers (polyploidy) d. Under laboratory conditions, cross-fertilizations between members of the two populations may be successful even after a long period of geographical separation e. The two populations may become morphologically dissimilar.22. A moth's color is controlled by two alleles, G and g, at a single locus. G (gray) is dominant to g (white). A large population of moths was studied, and the frequency of the G allele in the population over time was documented, as shown in the figure below. In 1980, a random sample of 2,000 pupae was collected and moths were allowed to emerge.1463675635000During which of the following time periods could the population have been in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the G locus? 1960-1964 1965-1972III. 1973-1980(A)I only(B)II only(C)III only(D)I and III only(E)I, II, and III23. All of the following conditions would result in a change in the frequency of a specific allele in a population EXCEPT(A)selection against the recessive phenotype(B)selection against the dominant phenotype(C)genetic drift(D)random mating in a large population(E)mutation of the dominant allele to the recessive allele24. In a certain flock of sheep, 4 percent of the population has black wool and 96 percent has white wool. Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What percentage of the population is homozygous for white wool? a. 20% b. 40% c. 64% d. 80% e. 96%25. If a population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following can be predicted for the recessive alleles in the population? a. They will eventually disappear b. They will be selected against c. They will be maintained at the same frequency d. They will be expressed in the heterozygous condition e. They will become dominant26. Milkweed is a common field plant that produces a cardiac glycoside which, like digitalis, stimulates heart contractions. The synthesis of this compound ensures the survival of this plant species because the glycoside is toxic to most herbivores with a notable exception — the monarch butterfly.Female monarchs lay their eggs on milkweed and the resulting larvae (caterpillars) feed on milkweed leaves. An enzyme produced by the caterpillars allows them to ingest and store the toxin without ill effects. After pupation, adult monarchs emerge with a conspicuous bright orange and black banding pattern and retain the toxin glycoside in their systems.Viceroy butterflies are almost identical to monarchs in possessing the conspicuous banding pattern. However, viceroys cannot metabolize and store the toxic glycoside ?The banding pattern of viceroy butterflies is an example of… A.???mimicry (where one organism looks like another increasing its fitness)B.???homology (organisms of the same origin)C.???polymorphism (many forms of one organism)D.???mutualism (a relationship between two organisms in which both organism benefit)E.???commensalism (a relationship between two organism in which one benefits and the other is unaffected) ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download