Berkner HS AP Biology



AP Biology Review: Intro and Linked GeneticsLearning Objectives1.b.1 Organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today3.a.3 The chromosomal basis of inheritance provides an understanding of the pattern of passage (transmission) of genes from parent to offspringQ31, 33, 353.a.4 The inheritance pattern of many traits cannot be explained by simple Mendelian genetics.Q34, 37, 44, 453.c.1 Changes in genotype can result in changes in phenotype.Q394.c.1 Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of functions.Q41MaterialsGenetics Review SheetReviewGenetics Practice Problems Multiple Choice & Released FRQ & LearneratorSelf AssessIf you are not confident in your ability to complete these phases, complete the Remediation below.2.28 I am able to use representations or models to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the effects of disruptions to dynamic homeostasis in biological systems (SP 1.4) 2.31 It can connect concepts in and across domains to show that timing and coordination of specific events are necessary for normal development in an organism and that these events are regulated by multiple mechanisms. (SP 7.2)3.7 I can make predictions about natural phenomena occurring during the cell cycle. (SP 6.4) 3.8 I can describe the events that occur in the cell cycle. (SP 1.2)3.9 I am able to construct an explanation, using visual representations or narratives, as to how DNA in chromosomes is transmitted to the next generation via mitosis, or meiosis followed by fertilization. (SP 6.2) 3.10 The student is able to represent the connection between meiosis and increased genetic diversity necessary for evolution. (SP 7.1)3.11 The student is able to evaluate evidence provided by data sets to support the claim that heritable information is passed from one generation to another generation through mitosis, or meiosis followed by fertilization.( SP 5.3) AssessmentAssessment: Take this immediately after attending this tutorial.Non mastery results in requirement of the Remediation box below.Remediation for Non Mastery as shown by AssessmentEmail these pre & post quiz grades to your regular teacher within 3 days of tutorial attendance.Practice ProblemsExtension to push MasteryDiscuss with your teacher to meet your needsPreparationWatch Crash Course Heredity Video HYPERLINK "" Write 3-5 paragraph summery or detailed concept map Review Review Continue: WatchGene Expression: PracticeComplete the Genetics Expression LearneratorComplete the following problems that address the areas that you are struggling with. Finish at least 25% of the listed problemsSolve these genetics problems. Be sure to complete the Punnett square to show how you derived your solution.1. In humans the allele for albinism is recessive to the allele for normal skin pigmentation. If two heterozygotes have children, what is the chance that a child will have normal skin pigment? What is the chance that a child will be albino?normal pigment:albino:If the child is normal, what is the chance that it is a carrier (heterozygous) for the albino allele? (CAREFUL!) 2. In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and no horns is recessive. Show the cross of a purple people eater that is heterozygous for horns with a purple people eater that does not have horns. Summarize the genotypes & phenotypes of the possible offspring?3. In humans, the brown-eye (B) allele is dominant to the blue-eye allele (b). If two heterozygotes mate, what will be the likely genotype and phenotype ratios of the offspring?4. In seals, the gene for the length of the whiskers has two alleles. The dominant allele (W) codes long whiskers & the recessive allele (w) codes for short whiskers. What percentage of offspring would be expected to have short whiskers from the cross of two long-whiskered seals, one that is homozygous dominant and one that is heterozygous?5. In pea plants, the green color allele (G) is dominant over yellow color allele (g) for seed color and tall (T) is the dominant allele in plant height. Parents heterozygous for both traits are cross-pollinated. Determine the frequency for the four different phenotypes of the offspring.Tall plant, green seeds:Tall plant, yellow seeds:Short plant, green seeds:Short plant, yellow seeds:6. In humans, curly hair is dominant over straight hair. A woman heterozygous for hair curl marries a man with straight hair and they have children.a. What is the genotype of the mother? _______________________________________b. What gametes can she produce? _________________________________________c. What is the genotype of the father? ________________________________________d. What gametes can he produce?___________________________________________e. What is the probability that the 1st child will have curly hair?_____________________f. What is the probability that the 2nd child will have curly hair?_____________________**7. In a certain strain of mice, black coat (B) is dominant over white coat (b). Describe what you would do to determine the genotype of a male with a black coat and how this would enable you to choose between the genotypes BB or Bb.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8. What is the probability of each of the following sets of parents producing the givengenotypes in their offspring?Parents GenotypeOffspring GenotypeProbabilityAa x AaAaAa x aaAaAaBb x AaBBAABBAaBb x AABbaabbAaBb x AaBbAaBb9. In corn, the trait for tall plants (T) is dominant to the trait for dwarf plants (t) and the trait for colored kernels (C) is dominant to the trait for white kernels (c). In a particular cross of corn plants, the probability of an offspring being tall is 1/2 and the probability of a kernel being colored is 3/4. Which of the following most probably represents the parental genotype? Include your work to show how you derived your solution.TtCc x ttCcTtCc x TtCcTtCc x ttccTTCc x ttCcTTCc x TtCC10. In humans, the allele for albinism (lack of pigment) is recessive to the allele for normal skin pigmentation.a. If two heterozygous parents have children what is the chance that a child will be albino? ______________________b. If the child is normal, what is the chance that it is a carrier (heterozygous) for the albino allele?__________________c. If normal parents have an albino child, what is the probability that their next child will be normal for pigment? _____________________11. What is the probability that each of the following pairs of parents will produce the indicated offspring? (Assume independent assortment of all gene pairs.)a. AABBCC X aabbcc AaBbCc b. AABbCc X AaBbCc AAbbCC c. AaBbCc X AaBbCc AaBbCc d. aaBbCC X AABbcc AaBbCcKaryotyping1. A karyotype shows the visual appearance of an individual’s chromosomes. The karyotype belowshows the chromosomes of a person with a genetic disorder.Scientists use observable evidence to direct their questions about phenomena. For whichquestion would the karyotype provide the most evidence?(A) Since the person is missing one sex chromosome, did the two homologous Ychromosomes fail to separate as the male gamete was undergoing meiosis beforefertilization?(B) Since the person is missing one sex chromosome, did nondisjunction occur during meiosiswhen forming gametes before fertilization?(C) Since the person is missing one sex chromosome, possibly the Y chromosome providedby a sperm cell, did an unfertilized egg undergo DNA replication to change from a haploidcell to a diploid cell?(D) Since the person is missing one sex chromosome, did the X and Y chromosomes crossover during meiosis I to produce a nonfunctional chromosome?2. A karyotype shows the visual appearance of an individual’s chromosomes. The karyotype belowshows a set of chromosomes found in a fertilized human egg.Which scientific question would be the most logical to ask if a scientist wanted to investigate thecause of a genetic condition shown in the karyotype?(A) Is this condition caused by a sex cell that completed meiosis I but not meiosis II beforefertilization?(B) Is this condition caused by nondisjunction in a pair of homologous chromosomes in one ofthe sex cells before fertilization?(C) Is this condition caused by a fertilized egg that underwent DNA replication, but not mitosisor cell division, after fertilization?(D) Is this condition caused by the fertilization of a sex cell by another sex cell that had notundergone DNA replication before meiosis?3. Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant disorder. Which pedigree could represent a family with a history of Huntington’s disease?676275000(A) (B) (C) (D)504825445135004. A scientist is studying the pedigrees of four families in order to identify a family that may have a sex-linked, recessive genetic disorder.Which statement provides the best justification for identifying a family as having a sex-linked recessive genetic disorder based on its pedigree? (A) Pedigree 1 shows a recessive, sex-linked disorder, because a mother passes the trait down to her sons in generation II, and they pass the trait on to their sons in generation III. (B) Pedigree 2 shows a recessive, sex-linked disorder, because the trait affects mostly males, skips generations, and is carried, but not expressed, by females. (C) Pedigree 3 shows a recessive, sex-linked disorder, because the trait affects mostly males and, since it is on the X chromosome, it is never passed from father to son. (D) Pedigree 4 shows a recessive, sex-linked disorder, because the trait affects mostly males, skips generations, and is passed from mother to son. ................
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