AP Biology Review Sheet:
AP Biology Review Sheet:
Mendelian Genetics
Chapters 14 & 15
Directions: Please be able to answer the following questions in preparation for the essays.
Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea
1) Explain the importance of Gregor Mendel.
2) Give an overview of his experiments and their well-known results: 3:1 ratio for the monohybrid crosses between two heterozygotes and 9:3:3:1 ratio for the dihybrid crosses between two heterozygotes.
3) Define the following terms:
a) dominant traits (alleles)
b) recessive traits (alleles)
c) gene
d) allele
e) homozygous dominant
f) heterozygous dominant
g) homozygous recessive
h) locus
i) genotype
j) phenotype
4) Explain Mendel’s three laws of heredity: Law of Dominance & Recessiveness, Law of Segregation, and Law of Independent Assortment.
5) Be able to solve genetic word problems using the following types of Punnett Squares: monohybrid, dihybrid, codominant, incomplete dominant, sex-linked, and multiple allele crosses. Also be able to demonstrate testcrosses.
6) Be able to apply the rule of multiplication and the rule of addition in solving genetic word problems.
7) Define multiple alleles and describe the human blood group example.
8) Define Rh factor and explain how the conditions for danger between mother and fetus.
9) Define pleiotropy and give an example.
10) Define epistasis and give an example.
11) Define polygenic inheritance and give an example.
12) Be able to analyze and fill-in a pedigree chart.
13) Explain the symptoms and type of Mendelian inheritance patterns for the following human genetic disorders: cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, sickle-cell disease, Huntington’s disease, dwarfism, and Marfan syndrome.
20)State whether recessive or dominant genetic disorders are more common.
21) Describe consanguineous marriages and why they are bad.
22) Describe four medical procedures for genetically testing a fetus.
23) Explain PKU testing for newborns.
Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
1) Explain the chromosomal theory of inheritance.
2) Explain the significance of Thomas Hunt Morgan.
3) Explain why Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies are good objects of genetics studies.
4) Distinguish between the meanings of wild-types and mutant phenotypes.
5) Define sex-linked genes.
6) Be able to solve genetic word problems using sex-linked Punnett squares.
7) Explain linked genes.
8) Explain genetic recombination. Distinguish between parental types and recombinants.
9) Explain genetic maps and one map unit.
10) Describe the three major sex-linked disorders: color-blindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and hemophilia.
11) Explain x-inactivation and barr bodies.
12) Explain the symptoms and causes of the following human disorders:
a) Down syndrome
b) Klinefelter syndrome
c) extra Y chromosome
d) trisomy X
e) Turner syndrome
13) Define genomic imprinting and its role in Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and fragile X syndrome.
14) Explain what extranuclear genes are.
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