BIOLOGY AP, September 19, 2003



BIOLOGY AP, January 2004 KEY

PRACTICE QUIZ

Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

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1 a) 2 ATP

b) Noncompetitive

c) The substrate for enzyme #5 (not listed on diagram). A better question would have been to say that the enzyme in Step #4 is inhibited. If this were the question, then there would be a buildup of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

d) Lactic Acid Fermentation (it is a mouse cell, so it doesn't do alcoholic fermentation)

e) Fermentation will regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis to continue.

f) Eukaryotic (because it is a mouse)

g) Prokaryotes don't have mitochondria, eukaryotes do. Prokaryotes are all single-celled, eukaryotes may be either single-celled or multicellular. There are many more differences you could mention here.

2 a) This will lower ATP production. The pores will lessen the amount of H+ that will go through the ATP Synthase because some of these H+ will go through the pores. With less H+ going through ATP Synthase, there is less generation of ATP by this protein.

b) Oxygen will still be used by the cell, because the electron transport chain will continue (even with holes in the membrane). However, the cell will not make as much ATP, so there is a possibility that eventually the cell might even begin to try to increase cellular respiration (and oxygen usage) to compensate for the lower ATP production.

c) This will stop all ATP production. Proton movement provides the energy that forms ATP. Without this movement, ATP Synthase will not produce ATP.

3 a) B

b) fumarate

c) Yes.

d) Because there would be ATP production from glycolysis. Also, there will be some ATP made in the citric acid cycle (converted to ATP from GTP).

e) Matrix (less H+ = higher pH)

f) There are more H+ in the inner membrane space that have been pumped there through the electron transport chain.

g) Lower

h) Less H+ will be pumped into the inner membrane space because the electron transport chain will stop.

i) Higher

j) When you shut down the electron transport chain, NADH will no longer drop off its electrons so it will remain as NADH and not convert into NAD+.

k) The electron transport chain occurs in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes, but occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane of eukaryotes. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes, but occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes. The ATP yield per glucose in prokaryotes is 38 ATP, while it is 36 ATP in eukaryotes.

l) Glycolysis, Alcoholic Fermentation, Cellular Respiration

m) Too much energy would be released at a single time if it was broken down all at once. The heat released from this reaction would kill the cell.

4a) 2

b)

d)

5a) Decrease

b) Less H+ will be pumped into the inner membrane space because the electron transport chain will stop. Less H+ will result in less ATP synthesized.

c) Decrease

d) Active Transport

e) Active Transport

f) Protists, Plants, Fungi, and Animals

6a) 2

b) Exothermic

c) Heat is released

d) No

e) Oxygen is produced in the light reactions.

7a) See diagram to the right

b) It is transported across the cell membrane in the form of a 4-Carbon molecule.

c) YES

d) This is not a CAM plant. A CAM plant doesn't utilize bundle-sheath cells.

8i) DECREASE

ii) Less H+ will flow through the ATP Synthase (because of the pores)

iii) STAY SAME

iv) Electron transport chain will still occur and NADP+ will pick up electrons at end of chain to form NADPH.

v) Water provides electrons to replace ones that are excited and passed on from chlorophyll.

9) Both produce ATP at some step in the process. Both utilize enzymes to catalyze steps.

10) The electron transport chain occurs in the plasma membrane of prokaryotes, but occurs in the mitochondrial inner membrane of eukaryotes. The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes, but occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes. The ATP yield per glucose in prokaryotes is 38 ATP, while it is 36 ATP in eukaryotes.

11) Both require enzymes, both have glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm, both have electron transport chains that occur in a membrane.

12a) C4 Special Anatomy

b) Stomates are open during the day and the Rubisco enzyme is found in the bundle sheath cells (not in the mesophyll). That means the Calvin Cycle doesn't take place in the mesophyll cells.

c) Guard cells

d) high

e) At higher temperatures, the Rubisco enzyme changes structure slightly and begins to use oxygen as its substrate, not carbon dioxide.

13a) night

b) It stores the CO2 to be released during the day when the stomates are closed.

c) 6am

14.

| |C3 |C4 Pathway |CAM |

|Contains thylakoid discs |x |x |x |

|Contains bundlesheath cells | |x | |

|Contains Rubisco |x |x |x |

15. In our respirometer we use KOH pellets to react with the Carbon Dioxide gas to form a solid and water byproduct. So the only pressure/volume change in the system is due to the consumption of oxygen by the organism.

16. C4 plants (CAM and C4 Pathway) are able to limit photorespiration, while C3 plants are not. C4 plants (CAM and C4 pathway) use PEP Carboxylase to trap CO2 into a 4 carbon compound. PEP Carboxylase traps CO2 more efficiently and creates a region of more concentrated CO2 (rather than O2) so that Rubisco will bind to CO2 instead of O2.

AP-LIKE MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. b

2. d

3. c

4. d

5. no answer possible....the true answer is lactic acid fermentation and aerobic respiration

6. a

7. e

8. b

9. d

10. b

11. d (RUBP carboxylase is the same as Rubisco)

12. b

13. d

14. e

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